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1、海外仓尾程物流计费方案介绍与产品设基础知识普及1.实重,体积重和计费重重量”是快递快递/物流的计费基础,了解什么是实重,什么是体积重, 什么是计费重,是万里长征的第一步。实重,就是实际的重量,用电子秤测量出来的数据,例如一个邮寄一个包裹,测 量的重量是1.5kg ,实重就是1.5kg。体积重,属于物流行业中的专用的一个名词。当一件物品的体积太大而重量太轻 时,这样在运输中就会把它的体积折算成重量来收取费用。计算公式是:体积重 (kg)二长(cm)x宽(cm)x高(cm)+体积重系数,其中体积重系数是一个变化 值,一般常见的是5000或者6000。计费重,一般是根据货物的实际重量和货物的体积重二
2、者比较后,取其中的 较大值。UPS Ground*Guaranteed day-definite delivery typically in one to five business days to all 50 states and Puerto Rico. Refer to UPS Ground Time in Transit maps at to determine scheduled delivery. Saturday Delivery and pickup available in select areas.Zones234567844*45*46*ILbs.$11.00511.4
3、6$11.94$12.41$12.82$13.06$13.18$4451$44.77$57.412段11.69价格12.4815.1413.3613.6614.3415.5749.4149.8462.64311.7012.5013.1613.6714.1816.4219.5053.8054.3366.89411.7312.5313.1914.9217.1518.3220.8858.5259.1471.95| 511.751255133315.7118.1019.9521.8763.5864.0176.60611.9312.6513.7116.8019.9521.8523.9968.6469.4
4、583.22712.3913.5415.0518.4320.5022.6224.9875.3374.2284.95812.9014.0015.4319.4121.0423.4326.3376.1576.8389.55913.1514.4215.8520.8621.4125.1727.6785.5486.5099.611013.7014.6516.3121.61247226.8531.0890.8991.70105.081114.3615.0816.9021.9727.0129.8034.4596.8497.71111.121214.7915.5517.0523.8428.6333.4357.5
5、7100.64101.56114.821315.0516.1117.1124.1629.9535.7440.11106.70107.69119.441415.5916.2417.8725.1431.6557.7342.77111.24112.24124.341515.7716.6718.1425.5533.3039.8445.42115.40116.46129.83UPS Ground分区价格表按邮编的来定义分区是最细的,也是最复杂的。对于美国这样邮编有规律性的国 家来说判断分区可能还比较简单,但是对于一些邮编规律比较奇葩的国家来说, 判断分区就需要下点功夫了,例如英国的邮编,加拿大的邮编,感
6、兴趣的朋友可 以去了解一下。6.重量段知道了什么是分区,怎么定义和判断分区之后,接下来要get的就是和分区息息 相关的重量段了。分区表示的是从A地发出到B地属于什么分区,是距离的一个维度且是运费 肯定还是需要考虑重量这个维度的,也可以简单理解为:分区&重量段构成了运 费价格表。还是拿上面的UPS Ground的分区价格表来举例,横轴的是分区,纵轴的就是 重量段。UPS Ground*Guaranteed day-definite delivery typically in one to five business days to all 50 states and Puerto Rico. R
7、efer to UPS Ground Time in Transit maps at to determine scheduled delivery. Saturday Delivery and pickup available in select areas.Zones234567844*45”46*ILbs. 0-1lb$11.00$11.46$11.94$12.41$12.82$15.06$15.18$44.51$44.77$57.4121-2lb11.6912.4813.1413.3613.6614.3415.5749.4149.8462.6452-3lb11.7012.5015.16
8、13.6714.1816.4219.5053.8054.5366.894: 3-4lb11.75112.5515.1914.9217.1318.5220.8858.5259.1471.95511.7512.5513.3315.7118.1019.9521.8763.3864.0176.60611.9512.6513.7116.8019.95213523.9968.6469.4585.22712.39153415.0518.4320.5022.6224.9873.3374.2284.95812.9014.0015.4319.4121.0423.4326.3576.1576.8389.55913.
9、1514.4215.8320.8621.4125.1727.6785.5486.3099.611013.7014.6516.3121.6124.72263331.0890.8991.70105.081114.3615.0816.9021.9727.0129.8034.4596.8497.71111.121214.7915.3517.0523.8428.6535.4337.37100.64101.56114.821315.0316.1117.1124.1629.9535.7440.11106.70107.69119.441415.3916.2417.8725.1451.6337.7542.771
10、11.24112.24124.541515.7716.6718.1425.5353.3039.8445.42115.40116.46129.851616.1818.0020.00262854.6241.3547.35120.78123.22136.451717.0018.1820.1627.1256.5545.6549.80126.00128.89140.671817.2818.6320.5529.4138.1745.5652.41131.23154.65145.82UPS Ground分区-重量段价格表其中libs表示的是0-llb范围,2表示的是l-2lb范围,以此类推,美国一般 都是从1
11、到1501b结尾,超过1501b就要按其他的计费方式收费了。136148.17149.95158.28162.79179.30194.80215.93671.42696.85713.19157149.48151.37159.74163.94180.30195.96217.45676.50702.12718.48158150.84152.77161.28165.42182.03197.57218.88681.57707.56723.77139152.20154.24162.76166.80183.41198.93220.41686.61712.62729.03140155.54155.67164
12、.23168.15184.88200.50221.95691.56717.56734.05141154.88157.10165.80169.41185.92201.29223.01694.81721.11739.01142155.54158.54167.28170.78187.27202.67224.49699.69726.18744.11143156.89159.98168.81172.16188.68204.06226.00704.43751.08749.09144158.27161.43170.55173.47190.09205.44227.47709.27736.11754.09145
13、158.83162.92171.89174.85191.52206.78228.98714.25741.29759.33146160.19164.55175.38176.17192.87208.13230.43719.32746.57764.63147161.55165.83174.98177.55194.25209.53231.99724.33751.78769.89148162.58167.31176.49178.95195.70210.92253.49729.39757.02775.16149163.47168.78178.03180.23197.05212.24256.12737.99
14、765.93787.9615016484170.25180.92186.21198.54215.64237.60743.05771.0880075More Than 150 Pounds*Price Per Pound$1.09$1.12$1.19 |$1.25$132$1.41$1.58$4.90$5.09$5.29Visit for time in transit changes effective during the holiday season.one 44 is metro Alaska and Hawaii, Zone 45 is Puerto Rico, and Zone 46
15、 is remote Alaska and Hawaii.Foreoch UPS Ground package with a weight of more than 150 pounds, multiply the weight by the price per pound.Notes:-For additional information, refer to page 2g.-UPS does not accept Hazardous Materials (including but not limited to Ltd Qty and combustibles) in UPS Ground
16、 services destined to and from Alaska; Hawaii; Puerto Rico; Avalon, CA; Catalina Island, CA; Beaver Island, Ml; Mackinac Island, Ml (winter only); the Bass Islands, OH; Kelleys Island, OH; and San Juan Islands, WA.UPS Ground超过1501b后分区价格表重量段关键就是要连续,不能断,否则就会有某些缺失的重量段是无法计费的; 其次就是重量段超过某个区间之后,要关注新的计费规则和进
17、位规则。例如上图 中超过1501b之后,每超过11b就需要加收费用,而且默认就是不满11g要向 上进位,按11b计算。二、美国快递的一些特点.住宅地址和商业地址由于美国和加拿大人口居住分布的原因,快递派送到人口密集的城市和商业地区的均摊成本低,而送到人口稀松的住宅地区的均摊成本更高,所以物流商会根据 派件地址来判断是否是住宅地址,如果是住宅地址,则需要收取住宅派送费。如 果是商业地址,一般不需要加收额外的附加费。住宅地址和商业地址的判断是通过物流商官方的API接口来判断的,而USPS , UPS或者Fedex的判断结果是否一致,我暂时没有拿到数据,但是我猜测应该 是差不多一样的。1 .偏远地区
18、和超偏远地区住宅地址和商业地址是一个维度的判断,而偏远地区和超偏远地区是另外一个维 度的判断,两者不能一概而论。也就是说,如果收取了偏远附加费,也有可能再收取一遍住宅地址派送费。不过 一般会按最大值收取,叠加的情况比较少。偏远地区和超偏远地区本质上也是分区的概念,所以还是用判断分区的逻辑来判 断是否偏远或者超偏远。美国国内件一般是用国家/地区+邮编的方式来判断, 其他地区暂不确定。Area Surcharge ZIP Code Listing 2022A Delivery Area Surcharge applies to packages delivered to the ZIP Codes
19、 listed below.Effective January 9. 2022US 48 DAS Extended ZIP Codes01005012660288303278036040387204075043520446204611046710477604950050490534201008012700289403279036050387504076043530446304612046730477704951050510534301011013300304303280036070388204078043540446404613046740477904952050520534401012013
20、390304403282036090388304088043580446704614046760478004954050560534501026013400304703284037400388404091043600447104615046770478104955050580535001031013410307103285037450388604095043630447204616046790478504956050590535101034013430308203287037460388/04108043640447504617046800478604957050620535201037013
21、4403215032900375003890041090440604476046220468104787049580506505353010500134603216032910375103894042160440804478046230468304847049610506705355010540135003217032930375203896042170441004479046240468404848049620506805356010660135503218033070376503897042190441104481046250468504851C4964050690535701068013
22、60032210344003768040010422004414044850462604686048520496505070053580107001366C322203441037690400304221044150448804627046910485304966050710535901071013670322303442037770400904224044160448904628046930485504969050720536001072013700322403443037790401004225044180449104629046940485704971050740536101074013
23、780322503444037800401304226044200449304630047320485804973050750536201081013790322703445037810401604227044210449704631047330485904974050770536301084014520323003447037820401704231044220453504634047340486004978050790544001092014750323103450038090402004234044230453904635047350486204979050810544101096015
24、310323403455038100402204237044240454404637047370486304983050830544201097015610323703456038120402404253044260454704640047390486404984050850544401098015850324003457038130402704255044270455104642047410491004986050860544701222()1885032410346203814040290425804428045520464304743049110498705142012230204703
25、242034640381504032042610443004554046440474404912049880514305450012290253503243034650381604034042660443104555046450474504920049890514605455012300255203244035610381704037042670443404556046460474704921050310514805456012350257403245035740381804040042750443504558046480475004922050320514905457012370257503
26、25103576038300404104276044380456204649047510492305034051510545801243026630325303579038320404704278044410456304650047560492405035051520545901244026660325503580出启能83504048042850444204564046520475704925050360515305460 41R 亘旦1 US 48 Zip DAS Extended Remote US 48 Zip Remote HI Zip R+文档未保护 O本地备份开求和=661万69
27、40平均值=1万0759.25203252计数=615UPS偏远地区和超偏远地区规则2 .直接签名,间接签名和成人签名以下内容摘自邦阅网的UPS和FedEx的签收服务的种类及收费,有做删减。1 .直接签名:货件可以由送货地址的任何一位人士签收,例如:家人或者在家的朋友 等;假如货件送抵时无人收件,联邦快递将会再尝试派递。2 .间接签名:联邦快递将会透过以下三项方式的其中一项,派递货件:1 )由收货地址的任何人士签收。2 )由邻居、大厦管理员或邻近地址的人士签收。3 )向收件人取得授权,容许在没有任何人在场的情况下派递货件。3 .成人签名:联邦快递会在送货地址要求一位当地已达成年岁数的人士(非未
28、成年人 )签收货件。该签署人士须要出示一张由当地政府发出,并附有照片的身份证或 当地政府惯常接受的辨别文件。假如送货地址并无合资格的收件人,联邦快递将会 再尝试派递。其中间接签名是最便宜的,直接签名中等,成人签名最贵。美国FedEx的部分 物流服务,直接签名和间接签名是一个价。需要间接签收:每单非重货快递朋务需要支付人民币23元的特殊处理费用(适用于目的地为美国/加拿大住宅地区且托运申报价值小于500美元/500加元的货件)需要直接签收:每单非重货快递服务需要支付人民币26元的特殊处理费用(不适用于目的地为美国/加拿大且托运申报价值大于或等于500美元/500加元的货件)需要成年人签收:每单非
29、重货快递服务需要支付人民币33的特殊处理费用。请注意,当选定成人签名为签名选项,FedEx不会把包裒转投到其他地址。Fedex的签名服务类型FedExg Delivery Signature OptionsU.S. Express Package Services,U.S. Ground Services, International Ground ServiceAdult Signature Required: $6.35 per packageDirect Signature Required, Indirect Signature Required: $5.25 per packageA
30、dult Signature Required: $6.70 per packageDirect Signature Required, Indirect Signature Required: $5.55 per packageInternational Express Package ServicesAdult Signature Required: $635 per shipmentDirect Signature Required, Indirect Signature Required:$5.25 per shipmentAdult Signature Required: $6.70
31、 per shipmentDirect Signature Required, Indirect Signature Required:$5.55 per shipmentMaximum charge with FedEx Express Multiweight or FedEx Ground Multiweight PricingAdult Signature Required: $44,45 per shipmentDirect Signature Required, Indirect Signature Required: $36.75 per shipmentAdult Signatu
32、re Required: $46,90 per shipmentDirect Signature Required, Indirect Signature Required: $38.85 per shipmentFedEx ExpressTag %.U.S. Express Package Services$6.10 per package$6.45 per package美国FedEx的签名服务报价三、为什么要做尾程物流计费之前的文章中提过了多次:海外仓服务商的盈利点大多数是来自于“尾程物流 的差价。从上游物流商那边拿到足够优势的低价,然后再报给客户一个有吸引力 的价格,这一来一回的差价就
33、是海外仓服务商的主要利润点了。如果简化这个公式,那么就可以知道利润;应收-应付。对客户报出去的价格是 应收,给上游物流商的支付成本的是应付。大多数物流商都会在约定的账期内(例如月底)给出对应的账单,这份账单统计 了海外仓使用了哪些物流渠道,一共发了多少单,一共需要支付多少钱。也就是 说,成本(应付)是上游物流商会给的,海外仓应该多关注应收的部分,即对客 户收多少钱。之前聊到海外仓对客户的报价往往是用Excel表来完成的,如果需要手动来计算 每个客户用了多少单,要支付多少钱,那就需要导出所有的业务数据,然后在 Excel表中提前设计好计算公式,才能把每一笔的费用计算出来显然这样做太费时间了,也不
34、利于追溯差异和记录等,所以我们需要设计相应的 系统功能来解决这个问题。线下计费除了上述缺点之外,还有一个很关键的弊端:不能达到客户预充值的 的。为什么需要客户预充值呢?因为大多数的账单都是在业务发生了之后才能算出来,也就会出现海外仓帮客户 发走了货物,但是客户玩赖不支付账单,直接跑路了,而且这种情况还发生过挺 多次的。所以海外仓使用预充值的模式,一方面为了规避这种情况,另一方面也 是提高自己的现金流,可以更好地拓展业务。四.尾程物流费用构成知道了为什么要做尾程物流计费的原因,接下来我们来看看海外仓尾程物流费用一般是由哪几个部分构成的。物流费用物流运费物流附加费分区方案重量段方案燃油附加费住宅地
35、址派送费偏远/超偏远超长/超重/Oversize增值服务签名/保险与旺季有关与分区有关系与旺季有关物流费用构成物流费用构成从上图可知,物流费用主要是由物流运费和物流附加费两个部分构成的。物流运费就是指基础的运费,一般是通过“运费价卡或者运费报价表计算 出来的。物流附加费就是指除了运费之外,还有一些增值服务是需要额外收费的,一般会 是通过附加费表”计算出来的。与国内商业快递对比,海外仓尾程物流费用主要的差别还是在于附加费这一块。这也是很多刚入行的朋友很容易踩坑和碰壁的一个地方,因为杂七杂八的附加费 太多了,计算规则也千奇百怪,想要完全摸透还挺难的。五.运费报价表解析由于附加费的内容太多了,而且业
36、务过于特殊,所以在此篇文章中,我就不对此 展开讲了,咱们重点聊聊运费报价这一块。尾程物流的报价表一般是用Excel来展示的,常见的报价表一般用行展示重 量段,用列展示分区,其中交集的部分,就是表示在xx重量段,发到XX 分区,需要多少钱。UPS Ground*Guaranteed day-definite delivery typically in one to five business days to all 50 states and Puerto Rico. Refer to UPS Ground Time in Transit maps at to determine schedul
37、ed delivery. Saturday Delivery and pickup available in select areas.Zones234567844*45”46*ILbs. 0-1lb$11.00$11.46$11.94$12.41$12.82$15.06$15.18$44.51$44.77$57.4121-2lb11.6912.4813.1413.3613.6614.3415.5749.4149.8462.6452-3lb11.7012.5015.1613.6714.1816.4219.5053.8054.5366.894: 3-4lb11.75112.5515.1914.9
38、217.1318.5220.8858.5259.1471.95511.7512.5513.3315.7118.1019.9521.8763.3864.0176.60611.9512.6513.7116.8019.95213523.9968.6469.4585.22712.39153415.0518.4320.5022.6224.9873.3374.2284.95812.9014.0015.4319.4121.0423.4326.3576.1576.8389.55913.1514.4215.8320.8621.4125.1727.6785.5486.3099.611013.7014.6516.3
39、121.6124.72263331.0890.8991.70105.081114.3615.0816.9021.9727.0129.8034.4596.8497.71111.121214.7915.3517.0523.8428.6535.4337.37100.64101.56114.821315.0316.1117.1124.1629.9535.7440.11106.70107.69119.441415.3916.2417.8725.1451.6337.7342.77111.24112.24124.541515.7716.6718.1425.5353.3039.8445.42115.40116
40、.46129.851616.1818.0020.00262854.6241.3547.35120.78123.22136.451717.0018.1820.1627.1256.5545.6549.80126.00128.89140.671817.2818.6320.5529.4138.1745.5652.41131.23154.65145.82UPS Ground分区-重量段价格表从上图来看,每一行都是不同的重量段,每一列表示的就是一个分区。不知道重 量段和分区的概念的朋友,可以看看上一篇文章。运费报价表基本上每家都不太一样,因为不同的物流商或者是相同的物流商的不 同服务类型会有不同的计算方式,所以报价表展现的也就不一样。但是经过大量 的比对、分析、调研之后,我大概总结了一下市面上常见的报价表一般会有这么 几种计费模式。总价模式,也称之为一口价,即落在某个格子就按这个格子的价格作为总价,运费二总价。有一个包II尺寸是30*20*50 cm,实重是2 kg体积重系数是5000,所以体积重是30*20*50-5000=6 kg实重体积重计费重2 kg6 kg6kg行业内一般把体积重大于实重的货物称之为“抛