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1、中考英语 第二轮 语法专题聚焦 专题二 代词课件1考点一人称代词1人称代词的单复数形式2.人称代词的用法人称代词的主格只能在句子中作主语。宾格常作及物动词或介词的宾语。有时也作系动词的表语。如：He is a driver.他是一位司机。He told me not to go to the zoo.他告诉我不要去动物园。He likes playing chess with us.他喜欢跟我们一起下棋。Who is knocking at the door？谁在敲门？Its me，Mike.是我，迈克。在包含双宾语的句子中，如果直接宾语是人称代词it或them，间接宾语要放在直接宾语的后面。
2、如：请把它递给我。Please pass it to me.()Please pass me it.()lets和let us的用法不完全相同：Lets是let us的缩写形式，多用来表示劝告或建议，包括谈话的双方；而let us则不包括对方。另外，lets的反意疑问句用shall we来反问，let us的反意疑问句则用will you来反问。代词it的用法a)用来代替上文中提到的特定事物，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。如：Your father has bought you a new computer.Do you like it？你父亲给你买了一台新电脑，你喜欢吗？He offe
3、red us a piece of information.Its very important.他给我们提供了一条信息，这条信息非常重要。b)当说话人对所涉及的人的身份、姓名不清楚或看不出来、听不出来时，常用it来代替和当时某一事件、某一动作有关的那个人。如：There was a knock at the door.“Who is it？”mother asked.有敲门声。母亲问：“谁呀？”Who is the child in the picture？这张照片上的孩子是谁？Its me.Cant you see？是我呀！难道你看不出来？1Mr.Smith will go back to
4、 London tomorrow.Yes.I will see _off at the airport.Ahe Bhis Chim2My parents are going to take _ to Mount Wuyi this summer holiday.Amy Bme Cmine3Do your grandparents live with you?Yes，we take care of _ well.Athey Btheir Cthem4Look at the girl in the red skirt._ is my new classmate.AIt BShe CHe5Miss
5、Smith is very kind.We all like _Ait Bher ChimCB CBA6Everyone likes my father because _ is friendly.Ahis Bhim Che7My parents showed _some old pictures that brought back sweet memories.AI Bme Cmy8Mo Yan is a famous writer who got the Nobel Prize._wrote many popular books.AHe BShe CThey9My friend Jenny
6、 often helps _with English.AI；me Bme；my Cmy；me10I cant find my pen.Could you help _find it?Ame Bher ChimCBABA考点二物主代词1物主代词的单复数形式2.物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特点，在句中用作定语，后面必须接名词。如：His parents are both workers.他的父母都是工人。名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，后面不能再跟名词，它相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”。在句中可作主语，宾语或表语。如：My ruler is quite different from h
7、ers.我的尺子和她的完全不同。“of名词性物主代词”可以作名词的后置定语。如：He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友。【方法突破】形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别及运用是中考的常考点。对二者进行区别的一个方法就是看设空处后面有没有名词，如果有名词，则用形容词性物主代词；如果没有名词，则用名词性物主代词。his和its既可以作形容词性物主代词，又可以作名词性物主代词。如：My computer is new and his is old.我的计算机是新的，他的是旧的。3常见的形容词性物主代词构成的短语all ones life 某人一生，终于change ones
8、 mind 某人改变主意lose ones life 某人丧生take ones time 某人不着急，慢慢来with ones help 在某人的帮助下do/try ones best 尽某人最大努力lose ones way 某人迷路hold ones breath 某人屏住呼吸make up ones mind 某人下决心to ones surprise 使某人感到惊奇的是考点三反身代词1反身代词的单复数形式2.反身代词的用法作及物动词或介词宾语。如：We enjoyed ourselves.我们玩得很开心。You can decide for yourself.你可以自己做决定。作主语
9、和宾语的同位语。如：He himself is a doctor.他本人就是一位医生。She wants to meet the dancer herself.她想见见这位舞蹈家本人。3反身代词的常用词组teach oneself自学dress oneself打扮自己learn sth.by oneself自学for oneself亲自enjoy oneself过得愉快；玩得高兴help oneself to随便吃/用come to oneself苏醒；恢复知觉hurt oneself受伤by oneself独自devote oneself to 致力于1I left my dictionar
10、y at home.Can I borrow _？OK.Here you are.Ayou Byour Cyours2Dont worry about me.I can look after _Amyself Bherself Chimself3Hi，Tom!A math book is on the teachers desk.Whose is it?I think its Marys.Because _ name is on the book.Ahis Bher Cmy4You shouldnt lose _ in computer games，boys.Sorry，we wont do
11、it again.Ayou Byourself Cyourselves5Do you know _ this dictionary belongs to?Let me see.Oh，its .Awho；me Bwho；mine Cwhom；mineCABCC6The man was too poor to go to school then.He had to teach _all the subjects at home.Ahim Bhimself Chis7Betty and Kitty are twin sisters._ mother often dresses them in col
12、orful clothes.AThey BTheir CTheirs8Jim，who taught _ Chinese before you came to school?Nobody.I learned it by .Ayourself；myself Byou；meCyou；myself9Jane，is this your dictionary?Yes，its _Thank you.Ame Bmy Cmine10Last month，I went to the computer museum with my parents.We enjoyed _and learned a lot.Aus
13、Bourselves CourBBCCB考点四普通不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫作不定代词，兼有名词和形容词的功能，在句中主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。几组容易混淆的不定代词的用法1some与any两者都表示“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。some 一般用于肯定句中，any 一般用于疑问句和否定句中。但注意：some 也可以用于以情态动词开头的疑问句中，表示说话人委婉的请求，希望得到肯定回答。如：Can I have some bread？Yes，please.而any 也可以用在肯定句中，表示“任何的”。如：You can
14、 choose any subject.2other，the other，others与anotherother表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一些/部分”，含有非此即彼之意。常见的结构有“onethe other”(一个另一个)。“other 复数名词”表示不特定的“其余的”人或物。“the other 复数名词”表示特定的“其余的”人或物。如：I have two brothers.One is a doctor，the other is an engineer.others 泛指“别人”。another 表示三者或三者以上的“另一个”，后面常跟可数名词的单数形式。如：This sh
15、irt is too small.Can I try on another one?3a little，little，a few与fewa little，little用于不可数名词前，前者表示肯定“一些”，后者表示否定“没有几个”。a few，few用于可数名词的复数前，前者表示肯定“一些”，后者表示否定“没有几个”。4all，both，either与neitherall用于三者或三者以上的人或物，意为“全，都”，常与of 连用。both表示两者之间的人或事物，意为“都”，常与and 连用。either 指两者当中的其中一个；neither 指两者当中的一个也不。either 和neither
16、 后可以跟名词的单数，也可构成“either/neither of 名词(代词)的复数”，当它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；当either.or.(要么要么)和 neither.nor.(既不也不)连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。如：Neither book is interesting.Neither of the books is interesting.Either you or your mother is wrong.5none与no onenone表示三者以上的否定，是all的否定形式。既可指人，又可指物，而no one只指人。none作主语时，谓语动词可单可复；no
17、one只表单数可数概念，谓语动词用单数。另外，none可以与of连用，而no one不能。用who提问的句子用no one或nobody回答；用how many和how much提问时，用none回答。Who is in the room？谁在房间里？No one./Nobody.没人。How many students are there in the classroom？教室里有多少名学生？None.没有一个。考点五复合不定代词1中考常见复合不定代词一览表somebody某人anybody任何人nobody没有人everybody每人someone某人anyone任何人everyone每人
18、no one没有人something某事anything任何事nothing没有东西everything每一件事2.复合不定代词的用法复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Somebody is speaking in the empty house.有人在那个空房子里说话。当主句的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody，nobody，anyone等时，其反意疑问句主语通常用代词they；当主句中的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything，anything，nothing，something等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用it。如：Ev
19、erybody is here，arent they？大家都在这里，不是吗？Everything is ready，isnt it？一切都准备好了，不是吗？当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词后面。如：I have something important to tell you，Mum.妈妈，我有重要的事要告诉你。I cant find anyone else.我找不到其他任何人。everyoneeverybody，anyoneanybody，只指人，不能与of 短语连用；every one，an
20、y one可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以。1The question is so difficult that _ students can answer it.Afew Bmany Cmost2What else do you need for your holiday?Nothing else.I have packed _Aeverything Bnothing Csomething3There is only one ticket for Lucy and Susan.So _of them will go to the movie.Aeither Bneither Cboth
21、 4There is _wrong with my computer.It doesnt work now.Ill buy a new one.Anothing Bsomething Ceverything5How did you get the MP4，from a shop or by phone?_I always like shopping online.ANone BNeither CBothAAABB6Look!The light in the teachers office is on.There must be _in it.Aeveryone Bsomeone Cno one
22、7My family has two dogs.One is white,and _ is black.Aother Banother Cthe other8Who taught Zhu Zhiwen to sing?_！He learned singing by himself.AEverybody BSomebody CNobody9Ann，would you like to drink tea or coffee?_Im not thirsty at all.AEither BAny CNeither10I think _necessary for us to do something
23、to protect our environment.Athat Bthis CitBCCCC考点六指示代词代词用法例句it特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物I have a pet dog.I like it very much.one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物I bought a smart phone(智能手机)yesterday，and it works well.Would you like to buy one like this？that those常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复Your hometown is really nice！The a
24、ir quality is as good as that of Sanya.this these常用来指代离自己较近的人或物This is my friend，these are my brothers.考点七疑问代词所有疑问代词都可以作为连接代词，连接主句和从句。代词意义基本用法例句who谁主语、表语、宾语Who are you waiting for？你正在等谁？whom谁宾语(who的宾格)With whom did you go swimming？你和谁去游泳了？whose谁的主语、表语、宾语、定语(who的所有格)Whose pen is this？这是谁的钢笔？what什么主语、
25、表语、宾语、定语What do you know about it？关于它，你了解些什么？which哪个主语、表语、宾语、定语Which movie do you like best？你最喜欢哪部电影？考点八关系代词关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，常用的关系代词有 who，whose，whom，that，which。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如：I hate people who talk much but do little.我讨厌讲得多却做得少的人。Im looking at the photograph which you sent m
26、e with your letter.我正在看你在信中寄给我的照片。With the money that he had saved，he went on with his studies.他用节约下来的钱，继续进行他的研究。1The weather in Beijing is colder than _in Guangzhou in winter.Ait Bthat Cthis2What kind of music do you like?I like music _ I can dance to.Athat Bwhere Cwho3There is a cup of tea.Please
27、pass _ to me.Aone Bit Cthis4_will Mrs.Lin go to Germany?To see her daughter there.AHow BWhen CWhy5Ma Yun is now a boss of a famous company，for _life was once very hard.Awhose Bwhich CwhomBABCA6I cant find the book _my mother bought me.Awho Bwhen Cwhich7_ is that man over there?Hes my uncle.AWhat BWho CWhose8_ do you love pandas?Because they are very cute.AWhat BHow CWhy9My favorite city is Guilin _ is famous for its beautiful scenery(风景)Awhere Bwhich Cwho10Look!That is the woman _ I met yesterday.Oh？Shes my aunt.Awhat Bwho CwhereCBCCB