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1、 Pattern of private education from abroad to see the establishment of China's private education system The past ten years, as Chinas social structure and economic structure of the rapid changes in the structure of education has also undergone significant changes, the government took all the orig
2、inal pattern is broken schools, various private schools have been developing rapidly. According to statistics from related departments, as of the end of 1993, a total of over 16990 private kindergartens, private schools 4030, private junior high school 555, private high school 296. Private schools i
3、n the rise, reflecting the market economy to achieve a variety of channels, the objective needs of the provision of education, marking the beginning of Chinas educational development path towards diversification. The rise of private schools, on the one hand promoted the development of Chinas educati
4、onal undertakings, but also in many areas have not yet led by people well versed in many issues, one of which is how to “encourage, “support at the same time, strengthening “ guides “and management “in this respect, we can trace the development of private schools from abroad to get some inspiration.
5、 Crippled by a long history of foreign schools, numerate continuity, has formed a complete set of mechanisms, content, complete and effective system, and thus learn from the foreign private education model, to promote the healthy development of Chinas private schools is not without benefit. First, c
6、omplete the legislative mechanism Western developed countries, laws and regulations on private schools is a system, and supporting, and sound. Western countries specified in the Constitution on the right of parents to choose schools for their children, allowing multiple forms, multiple channels, sch
7、ools, and thereby established the nations basic law in the private schools legitimacy. Policy of equal treatment, so that public and private schools coexist and wing compete with each other, and jointly promote the continuous improvement of educational level. To dovetail with the nations basic law i
8、s the Basic Law and the specific special education law. Fundamental Law of Education a clear national education system and its operation method, while the private schools, special rules more specific and operational, on a variety of laws and regulations of private schools, can be summed up, includin
9、g: (1) the status of private schools, the nature of the recognition and establishment; (2) of private schools set up procedures and standards; (3) private parties and their rights and obligations of regulators; (4) the rights and obligations of private schools; (5) incentives for private donations u
10、p schools governance and more. 2, moderate macro-control Western developed countries have adopted a different approach, more or less of private schools with control and management. For example, the United States, the Governments supervision and inspection of private schools is multifaceted, includin
11、g: (1) The degree-granting approval. Private colleges and universities to grant the right to obtain a degree, and subject to state government departments to review and approval. Although the school in order to get the community recognition of the right to obtain a degree to be awarded through region
12、al or professional evaluation organizations inspection, assessment, but generally must accept the state government approval. Some of the provisions of state law must go through the state government approval. Degree-granting the approval is normally valid for 5 years, maturity required to re-apply fo
13、r approval. (2) financial audit and tax inspections. Schools each year to the Governments tax department and the education sector, funding for revenue and expenditure reports submitted by government departments, regular inspections. Legislative Auditor, the state government every year or two years t
14、o be precise financial position of the school and detailed the final audit. (3) The relevant departments of state government the security situation in the school building facilities, health status, fire facilities, and so on regular inspections. If it is found non-compliance with the relevant provis
15、ions of the Government standard, or revocation of the authorization, or ordered to rectify the suspension; found to have problems, be punished. Private schools teaching conditions and faculties of professional settings, the quality of education is recognized by society and government, will have to p
16、ass through the area to assess the organizations identification. Area to assess the organizations are non-government organizations, members of the membership system. All schools can apply to join the regions or industry-specific assessment of the organization. The school only through the area to ass
17、ess the organizations assessment of the quality of their school will receive social recognition, schools, federal and state governments before they can get scholarships and loans. It is only through assessment of school students to get credits recognized by other schools, students can transfer each
18、other. Such an assessment to be recognized by the federal and state governments, but also by the community at large attention. Management Steering Group, Germanys private schools mainly reflected in two aspects: First, operational supervision. From teaching and education, check whether the schools t
19、o observe the general standards and regulations. National recognition of qualifications of the private schools, the authorities should check the examination requirements and examination of its content and academic certification procedures, etc.; two legal supervision. Will oversee the schools compli
20、ance with social order and including youth protection laws, including laws and regulations. In France, the Government requires private schools to award its own certificates and diplomas, official non-recognition. To this end, students in private schools in order to obtain an official certificate, yo
21、u must make all preparations to participate in the national examinations. The move is the French government an important measure for the management of private schools, which has national regulations to promote private schools curriculum and close contact between the courses, the rather effective. Re
22、posted elsewhere in the paper for free download 3, strong financial support from the The governments financial assistance is an important development of private schools which external conditions. For example, the United States, state governments do not directly subsidized private schools, but to pur
23、sue a variety of indirect subsidy measures: (1) Federal and state governments to implement duty-free regime for non-profit private schools. Schools, real estate, donated to the school property, funds, and proceeds to school development industries will be exempt. (2) The Government to provide scholar
24、ships to eligible students or loans, so that a part of the low-income students are likely to enter a prestigious private school. (3) federal and state governments have research capability of universities to provide funding for research projects. (4) Many states will be allocated a certain amount of
25、education funding to public schools, private schools earmarked for certain services. For example, the public schools for private schools to offer certain courses, to allow some private use of public schools, laboratories, libraries, or other teaching equipment. There are public schools, school bus p
26、rivate school students allowed to give a lift ride, public schools, health care institutions for private school students on a regular basis to provide health services. This resolved a number of private schools with equipment and personnel size of filial piety difficult to improve the difficulties. O
27、ther countries to provide financial assistance directly to private schools. Such as in Germany, the state laws provide that the non-profit and can take on the task of teaching in public schools, private schools, the same can apply for grants to the state to fund the same as the size of the standard
28、is generally regarded by the public school funding is, but slightly less than the public schools, appropriation. State funding and actual expenditure is usually the difference between the fees charged or social organizations and individual donations to make up. State funding for private schools to s
29、upplement the amount of very substantial individual state grants that could account for recurrent expenditures such schools more than 99%. By the Berlin state “private law provisions of national reference standards for public schools 100% commitment by the state of private schools in recognition of
30、their qualifications, “head money, including teachers and other staff salaries. According to the modified “Bavarian State school funding law provides that the annual state subsidy of private schools up to 900 million 87 million marks, which means that Bavaria and cultural one-seventh of an annual bu
31、dget of the Ministry of Education, either directly or indirectly for the non-public schools. In Japan, the state is responsible for establishing private universities and the private Bureau and other special schools to aid the school corporation, the school corporation established by private elementa
32、ry, junior high schools, schools for the deaf, blind schools and kindergartens by the aid of the prefectural (school corporation other than the personal settings of the kindergartens also belongs to aid object). State again prefectural funds to be expended for assistance grants. Of specific assistan
33、ce projects for private schools, teaching and research required for day-to-head are mainly staff costs and equipment needed for teaching and research and equipment fees. Assistance payments through the Foundation for Promotion of Japans private schools to be released. In addition, state and local go
34、vernments also lending their assistance grants affairs and to adopt preferential measures such as exemption from tax liability. According to statistics, in 1985, county and city subsidies to the private schools in Japan accounted for 22.8% of total revenue. Government, through funding support, both
35、received less investment and the effectiveness of a large, but will also take this as the price to gain further control of private schools. The operational mechanism of foreign private education there are many worthy of our consideration. For example the United States allowed to register to set up a
36、 separate system of recognition and identification, which is the beginning of the schools bid to set the standard for approval by the system compared to, it would be more conducive to civic and social organizations to operate schools. Another example is the role of intermediary organizations focus o
37、n education issues. U.S. schools in six regions assessed in more than 70 national organizations and professional disciplines evaluation organizations, corporations are non-governmental organizations, but also played the role of government institutions, their public and private schools, the assessmen
38、t, issue identification certificate of guarantee school level and quality of schools has played a important role of supervision and inspection. From China, the gradual establishment of education, intermediary organizations (including industry-academic professional organization), and play its role, i
39、s our educational and scientific management, the lack of democratization can not be a necessary condition for transformation of government functions, the reform of the education management system important task. In addition, abroad, will be based for-profit and non-profit private schools are divided
40、 into two categories, such as in the United States, the average large, medium and small private schools are non-profit, and non-degree nature of the post-secondary (vocational education), private schools, the general are for-profit nature. This type of for-profit school management, first with the co
41、mpany, enterprise, like the tax authorities and pay taxes, and second, the state government set up special educational institutions is more stringent than the non-profit private school management. Judging from China, the current management of private schools is still relatively chaotic. Therefore, a clear distinction between different types of private schools, targeted to develop more clear and specific policies and regulations, for guiding and promoting the healthy development of private schools is necessary and useful. Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download