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1、高中英语高考英语名词考点与题型全归纳带答案单项选择题（精选试题名师出品）1、As expected, the boy who shows great in playing badminton has been admitted to the sport university forhis talent.A. requirementB. respectC. additionD. promise答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，这个在打羽毛球方面大有可为的男孩因其天赋被体育大学录取。A.requirement要求；B.respect尊重；C.addition增加；D.promise希
2、望，可能性。根据句意，此处表达“那个男 孩在羽毛球方面展现了极大的成功的可能性。应选D项。2、 He is under great because of his new job.A. stressB. strengthC. streamD. push答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:因为新工作，他现在的压力很大。A.stress压力；B. strength力量；C.stream小河; D.push推。under great stress表示：压力很大。由此可知A符合语境,应选A。3、 It is said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906
3、had a of 8.3.A. detailB. magnitudeC. honourD. marathon答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:据说1906年旧金山地震的震级为8.3级。A. detail细节;B.magnitude震级；C.honour荣誉；D.marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude。应选B。4 Finally, the man became ill under the great of work.A. frightenedB. lovelyC. pressureD. unfamiliar解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位官员正在为一个关于大象保护
4、的四国区域会议准备文件。A. constitution构成, 组成；B. affection喜爱；C. conservation保护;D. production生产。这里指关于大象保护的文件。应选Co30 The murder is still under.A. attempt, investigatingB. attempted, investigatingC. attempted, investigationD. attempting, investigation答案：c解析：考查形容词和名词。句意：这起谋杀未遂事件仍在调查中。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词murder, attempt的
5、形容词是attempted,意为未遂的,under后跟名词作宾语,investigate的名词是investigation,under investigation 意为“在调查中，因此第一空是 attempted,第二空是 investigation,应选 C。31、The Chinese volleyball team won the World Cup victory, which was beyond our wildest.A. inspirationB. expectationsC. invitationsD. cooperation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国排球队赢
6、得了世界杯的胜利，这大大超出我们的预料。A. inspiration灵感；B. expectations期望；预料；C.invitations邀请；D. cooperation合作。根据句意可知，中国排球队赢得世界杯的 胜利I,所以这出乎我们的意料，beyond oneK expectation表示超出某人的预料”，应选B。32 The motor industry declares that electric cars will become mainstream （主流）over the next.A. entranceB. decadeC. committeeD. feedback答案：
7、B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：汽车工业宣称电动汽车将在未来十年成为主流。A. entrance入口； B. decade十年;10C mittee委员会；D. feedback反响。根据句意以及前文over the next可知，此处指“在未来十年。应选B 项。33、 In a small wooded valley two towns, both set in beautiful.A. lies; surroundingB. lie; surroundingsC. lay; surroundingD. did lie; surroundings答案：B解析：考查倒装句，时态和名词。句意：在
8、一个树木繁茂的小山谷里有两个城镇，都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句 子可知，表示方位的介副词短语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据句意用一般现在时，lie”位于，lay是lie 的过去式，故排除C、D项，主语是two towns,是复数，故谓语动词用复数，surrounding周围的，是形容 词，surroundings环境是名词,形容词beautiful修饰名词surroundings作介词宾语，应选B。34、Yuan Longping devoted his life to the research and development of high-yielding rice, making ou
9、tstanding contributions to Chinas food.A. lackB. cuisineC. securityD. purchase答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平一生致力于高产水稻的研究和开发，为中国的粮食平安做出了杰出的贡献。A. lack缺乏;B.cuisine风味；A security平安;D. purchase采购。由语意可知，袁隆平一生致力于研究高产、 平安的水稻。应选C项。35、 People in this country who have no job can get money from, but it isnt much to live
10、 on.A. welfareB. priceC. prizeD. salary答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个国家里，失业者可以从社会福利中得到钱，但靠这点钱生活并不算多。A.11welfare （政府给予的）福利;B.price价格；C.prize奖赏；D.salary工资。根据前文“who have no job可知，因为是没有工作的人，由此可知，此处需用名词welfare,表示从社会福利中得到钱。应选A。36、 We have a lot of for the single mother, for she had to bring up the children on her
11、 own.A. confidenceB. ambitionC. courageD. sympathy答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很同情这个单亲妈妈，因为她必须单独抚养孩子。A. confidence信心；B.ambition 抱负；C. courage 勇气；D.sympathy 同情。 根据后文“for she had to bring up the children on her own（因为她必须单独抚养孩子）可知，此处表示我们同情她。应选D。37、 Through this, the disease was stopped in its tracks.A. infecti
12、onB. interruptionC. interventionD. intuition答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这种干预，阻断了这种疾病的传播。A.infection感染；B.interruption打断，暂 停；C.intervention 干预，介入；D.intuition 直觉。结合the disease was stopped in its tracks可知，此处指通过 干预，疾病被阻断传播，应选C项。38、We made him our monitor,戈U线成分是A.宾语B.定语C.状语D.宾补答案：D解析：考查句子成分。句意：我们选他当班长。句子中，动词made
13、为谓语，him为宾语，our monitor意为我们的 班长，对宾语作补充说明，为宾语补足语。应选D。39、 The police ordered him not to leave the city without.12A. atmosphereB. baconC. curiosityD. permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察命令他未经允许不得离开这座城市。A. atmosphere气氛；B.bacon熏肉；C. curiosity好奇心；D. permission许可。由The police ordered him可知，此处应该是“未经允许不得离开这座城 市,per
14、mission符合句意。应选D项。40、Though David received the from the school basketball team, he didn/t give up his dream andcontinued practicing hard.A. interactions. companionshipC. cooperationD. rejection答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想，并继续努力练 习。A. interaction 互动；B. companionship 友谊；C. cooperatio
15、n 合作；D. rejection 拒绝。根据上下文的转折 关系，可知大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，拒绝（rejection）符合语境和句意，应选D。41、 The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music, for which he showed a particular.A. grew; preferenceB. was growing; interestC. grown; interestD. growing; preference答案：D解析：考查省略和名词词义辨析。句意：在他成长的过程中，他听的唯一的音乐就是爵士乐，因此他对爵士
16、乐有特 殊的偏爱。while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和be动词都可 以省略，所以 while （he was） growing。preference （爱好，偏爱的事物）；interest （兴趣）。show a preference （表 现出偏爱）。根据The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music可知，他对爵士乐有特殊的偏爱。应选D。42、一 Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our?13Yes, I slept well and I like the br
17、eakfast.A. hotelB. schoolC. factoryD. company答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一先生，您在我们酒店过得愉快吗？一是的，我睡得很好，我喜欢早餐。A.hotel 宾馆；B.school 学校；C.factory 工厂；D pany 公司。根据 I slept well and I like the breakfast.可知，住的是 宾馆。应选A项。43、 It took all day to transport the furniture to the new.A. debateB. survivalC. civilizationD. apartm
18、ent答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：把家具运到新公寓花了一整天的时间。A. debate辩论；B.survival生存；C.civilization文明；D.apartment公寓。根据空前“the furniture ”可知，空处需用名词apartment,表示把家具搬 到公寓去。应选D。44、 As an experienced cook, her main cooking is to use only fresh ingredients.A. innovationB. philosophyC. trendD. sample答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个经验丰富的厨
19、师，她的主要烹饪哲学是只使用新鲜的食材。A. innovation 创新；B. philosophy 哲学；C. trend 趋势；D. sample 样本。根据is to use only fresh ingredients”可知，空处应使 用名词philosophy,表达哲学、理念之意，其他选项不符合题意。应选B项。45、 Toms parents behavior, as well as their words a key effect on him during the past twenty years.A. haveB. have hadC. has hadD. has答案：C14
20、解析: 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的20年里，汤姆父母的行为和话语都对他有关键的影响。根据时间 状语during the past twenty years可知，句子谓语用现在完成时。当as well as”并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就 远原那么，即和behavior保持一致，所以要用第三人称单数形式。应选C。46、 Weve had a few, but were still good friends.A. disagreeB. disagreesC. disagreementD. disagreements答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：我们有过一些分歧，但我们仍然是好朋友。分析句子
21、可知，设空处单词在句中作宾语，应 用名词，disagree意为“不同意,动词词性，故A和B排除，“disagreement”意为分歧,为可数名词,句中 “a few意为“一些，几个，后接可数名词复数形式，故空格处应用disagreement的复数形式disagreements”。 应选D项。47 Is there anything else in that youd like to share with us?A. particulars. panicC. eagernessD. addition答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有没有什么别的你特别要和我们提供的吗？ A. partic
22、ular特别的，讲究的；B.panic恐慌；C.eagerness渴望;D.addition加法,相加,附加。固定短语in particular相当于副词表示“尤其特 别,符合题意。in panic恐慌,in eagerness渴望地；inaddition此外，都可以排除。应选A项。48、While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already that prove the integration ofthese seemingly distinct disciplines is supporting stude
23、nts performance at school.A. featuresB. illustrationsC. picturesD. figures答案：D 解析:15 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然STEAM学习的兴起相对较新，但已经有数据说明，将这些看似不同的学科整合在一起，有助于学生在学校的表现。A. features特征；B. illustrations说明；C. pictures图画；D. figures数据。 根据that prove the integration of these seemingly distinct disciplines is supporting stude
24、nts performance at school.可知，这些是通过数据说明的。应选D。49、 Much to my, the city has developed rapidly over the years.A. amazeB. amazedC. amazementD. amazing答案：c解析：考查名词。句意：令我惊讶的是，这些年来这个城市开展的十分迅速。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语to onezs amazement,意为令某人吃惊的是，形容词性物主代词后接名词作宾语。应选C。小提示：50、 That flood has been several times to prove tha
25、t its important to take preventive.A. referred to, actionsB. referred, measureC. referred, actionD. referred to, measures答案：D解析：考查动词短语和名词词义辨析。句意：人们屡次提到那次洪水，以证明采取预防措施是很重要的。第一空表 示“提到，提及”应用短语refer to；结合上文“it，s important to take preventive指采取预防措施，应用take measures,也可以说成 take actiono 应选 DoBecause of the ti
26、ght and heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of their lunchbreak to finish homework.A. scheduleB. pressureC. performanceD. impression答案：A 解析:16 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于12年级的时间紧课业重，很多学生不得不利用午休时间完成作业。A.schedule时间表;B.pressure压力;C.performance表现;D. impression印象。由语意可知,很多学生不得不 利用午休时间完成作业，说明他们的时
27、间安排紧张。应选A项。52、The also preserves the bodies of 100 cats and dogs and other pets whose owners hope they may oneday return to life.A. institutes. instanceC. intensityD. intention答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：该研究所还保存着100只猫、狗和其他宠物的尸体，它们的主人希望它们有朝一 日能复活。A.institute 研究所；B.instance 例子；C.intensity 强度;D.intention 打算。由“p
28、reserves the bodies of 100 cats and dogs and other pets可知，是研究所还保存着100只猫、狗和其他宠物的尸体，空格处是研究所”, 即 institute,应选 A。53、fine weather it is!A. What aB. How aC. WhatD. How答案：c解析：考查感叹句和连词。句意：今天多么好的天气呀！感叹句句式：How+adj+主语+谓语！ What+adj+n+主语+谓语! how是副词，修饰形容词或者副词作状语，what修饰名词，分析句子可知，修饰名词weather用what,且 weather是不可数名词，不能
29、加不定冠词，应选C。54、 What we say should be consistent with what we do. There should not be in our words and actions.A. conservationB. contradictionC. consequenceD. consultation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们说的应该和做的一致。我们的言行不应该有矛盾。A. conservation保护；B.17 contradiction 矛盾；C. consequence 结果；D. consultation 咨询。 根据上文“What
30、we say should be consistent with what we do.”可知，指言行不矛盾，应用contradiction。应选B。55、 Dieting and exercising can bring your weight under control but you must stick to your plan with.A. insightB. perseveranceC. confirmationD. achievement答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：节食和锻炼可以控制你的体重，但你必须用毅力坚持你的计划。A. insight洞察力, 领悟；B. per
31、severance 毅力；C. confirmation 证明，证实；D. achievement 成就。由空前“you must stick to your plan可知，因为要坚持计划，所以空处需用名词perseverance,表示用毅力坚持计划。应选B。56、 Police have arrested a in a series of killing in the city.A. suspectB. conflictC. virus答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警方在该市的一系列谋杀案中逮捕了嫌疑犯。A.suspect嫌疑犯；B.conflict矛盾； C.virus病毒。根据a
32、 series of killing in the city”,可知此处是指抓到了一个嫌疑犯。应选A。57、 The gained from this experience has invested my life with new meaning.A. departures. insightC. proofD. setting答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这次经历中获得的领悟在我的生命中赋予了新的意义。A. departure离开；B.insight领悟;C. proof证据；D. setting环境;背景。根据new meaning可知，insight领悟符合句意。应选B。58、
33、There are people in the cinema.A. two hundredB. two hundredsC. two hundred of18答案：A 解析：考查数词。句意：电影院里有两百个人。用hundred （百）表确切数字修饰名词时，hundred不可变为复数形 式，且不需介词就可直接修饰名词。应选A。59 The government has taken some to solve the problem.A. measuresB. atomsC. novelsD. peppers答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府已经采取了一些措施来解决这个问题。A. meas
34、ures措施；B.atoms原子；C. novels小说；D. peppers甜椒。由to solve the problem可知，此处指采取措施解决问题。应选A项。60、The beauty of the scenery of West Lake is beyond.A. collectionB. selectionC. descriptionD. tradition答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：西湖风景之美是无法形容的。A.collection收集；B. selection选择；C. description 描述；D. tradition传统。根据the scenery of We
35、st Lake”可知，此处表示西湖的美景无法形容,beyond description为固定短语，意为难以形容。应选C。61、The police offered a $200 for any information leading to the arrest of the murderer.A. awardB. priceC. rewardD. prize答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警方悬赏200美元悬赏，以获取可以抓捕凶手的任何信息。A. award奖品、授予;price价格；C.reward悬赏金、报酬；D.prize奖品、重要人物。分析语境可知，空格处用reward表示悬赏1
36、9答案：c解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意:最后，这个人在巨大的工作压力下病倒了。A. frightened害怕的;B.lovely可 爱的；C. pressure压力；D.unfamiliar不熟悉的。结合句意和空格前定冠词the,以及作定语的形容词great可 知,应填入名词pressure（压力）作宾语，且underpressure是常用词组，表示“承受压力。应选C项。5、 Van Gogh was famous for his Sunflower, which was painted in three of yellow.A. portsB. shoresC. shadesD. sta
37、irs答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：梵高以他的向日葵而闻名，这幅画用了三种深浅不同的黄色。A.ports港口；shores海岸；C. shades深浅，阴影；D.stairs台阶。根据上文“which was painted in three”指用三种深浅不同 的黄色颜料作画，应用shade。应选C。6、The lecture Jack Ma made in the 2018 Shanghai Forum of Zhejiang Merchants left us with a wonderful he gave us a fantastic description of what t
38、he future business will be like.A. associationB. functionC. satisfactionD. impression答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：马云在2018年上海浙商论坛上的演讲给我们留下了很好的印象，他对未来的商业 会是什么样子做了很好的描述。A. association联系；B. function功能;C. satisfaction满足；D. impression印象。 根据后文he gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be lik
39、e.（他对未来的商业会是什么样子 做了很好的描述。）可知，因为对未来商业有很好的描述，所以此处表示给我们留下了好的印象。应选D。7、 We would like to see closer between parents and schools.A. evolutionB. cooperationC. expectationD. rejection答案：B 金、报酬符合语境。应选c项。62、 Laziness is the of his failure.A. reasonB. causeC. excuseD. way答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：懒惰是他失败的原因。A. reason原
40、因；B.cause原因；C.excuse借口； D. way方法。 reason说明某种行为或看法的理由，后接介词for； cause说明某种事实或现象的原因，后接介词。f。应选B。63、Procrastination can often pose to peoples ability their goals successfully, which is evident, forexample, in the fact that it is associated with receiving worse grades at school.A. a question . of pursuingB
41、. an obstacle . to pursueC. a dilemma . to pursueD. a hindrance . to pursuing答案：B解析：考查名词和非谓语。句意：拖延症往往会给人们成功追求目标的能力带来阻碍，这一点很明显，例如，拖延 症与学校成绩较差有关。A.a question . of pursuing问题;追求B.an obstacle . to pursue阻碍;追求C.a dilemma . to pursue”困境；追求D.a hindrance . to pursuing阻碍；追求“。固定搭配 ones ability to do sth“某 人的做
42、某事的能力，故排除选项A和D。在根据句意，拖延症是会阻碍成功的。应选B。64、 Although three teams adopted different to the problem, they all succeeded.A. methodsB. waysC. approachesD. means答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然三个小组对这个问题采取了不同的方法，但他们都成功了。A. methods方法;ways方式，方法；C.approaches方法；D.means方法。浏览选项可知，四个选项都有方法的意思，但根 据句中to the problem”可知，句中涉及固定短语an
43、 approach to sth.,意为的方法,此时“to为介词，而20“method和means不和介词to连用，a way to do sth.意为做某事的方法，但这个短语中“to为不定式符 号，不是介词。应选C项。65 Your suggestions are far from worthless and they make a good deal of to me.A. differenceB. senseC. influenceD. meaning答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的建议绝非毫无价值，对我来说很有意义。A. difference差异；B.sense意义； 理解力
44、;C.influence影响;D.meaning意思。短语make a good deal of sense to sb表示“对某人很有意义。故 选Bo66、一 I have a sore throat today!- You/d better take advantage of the tea break to go to.A. chemistsB. the chemistC. the chemist/sD. the chemists/答案：c解析：考查所有格的省略及固定用法。句意：一一今天我喉咙好痛。一一你最好利用茶歇时间去一下药店。chemist 为药剂师，药师，在英语中，人们惯常用go
45、to the chemists这一用法来表达去药店，这其实是一个省略 结构,完整的结构是go to the chemists shop （去药师的店铺），省略时注意仅去掉shop,保存定冠词the且 chemist用单数（固定用法），综上此题选C。67、 We should make joint efforts, for your contribution will make a to the cause of peace.A. differenceB. determinationC. commentD. challenge答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该共同努力，因为你的贡献将
46、对和平事业产生影响。A. difference区分，不 同;B. determination决心；C ment评论；D.challenge挑战。结合句意可知,此处为固定短语：make a21difference有影响，有关系。应选A。68、 More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the to small langua
47、ges.A. threatB. siteC. rangeD. extinction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，金融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化的其他方面都加剧了 对“小语言的威胁。A.threat威胁；B.site地点;遗址；Grange范围；D. extinction灭绝。根据句意可知，金 融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化会促进语言的统一，因此会威胁到小语言，导致其消失。 应选AoWorking on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist, so this has been
48、 for me.A. a successB. succeedC. successD. is successful答案：A解析：考查名词。句意:写这篇论文是我成为记者的第一步，所以这对我来说是成功的。A:a success一件成功的事;B:succeed 成功;C:success 成功;D:is successful 是成功的;结合句意，this 指代上句Working on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist,（写这篇论文是我成为记者的第一步）是指的具体一件成功的事，为 抽象名词具体化。应选A。70、Many teenagers want to be like Zhong Nan