《2022年高考英语语法易错点归纳 .docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高考英语语法易错点归纳 .docx（12页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精品_精品资料_高考英语语法易错点归纳可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一、只能用 that引导定语从句的情形：第一讲 定语从句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1. 先行词是不定代词everything, nothing, anything, all, much, many, a lot, few, little, none等时.如：He was so hungry that he ate up everything that was put in front of him.He saw much that was bad.There is little that
2、 I can do for you.2. 先行词被序数词或the last修饰时.如：He is the first student that I got to know in this school. This will be the last thing that I will do.3. 先行词被最高级修饰或先行词本身就是最高级时.如：This is the most interesting film that I have seen this year. This book is the most expensive that I have bought so far.4. 先行词被
3、all, every, some, next, any, no, many, much, the only, the very等修饰时.如：He is the very man that I am after.5. 一些以 who, which开头的句子,为了防止重复,也要用that作关系代词.如：Which is the book that you have just paid for. Who is the person that you are looking for.6. 先行词既指人也指物时.如：We talked about the things and persons that
4、we still remembered.7. the way用作先行词时,引导词用that或 in which,也可省略,但不能用which . 如：This is the only way（that / in which） you can work out this problem.8. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时 只限于限定性定语从句 .如：Mr. Smith still talks like the man that he was ten years ago.二、只能用 which 引导定语从句的情形：1. 在引导非限定性定语从句,且which 指代前面的整个句子时.这一用法是高考的一
5、个热点.如：Mary failed in the examination, which worried her mother a lot.2. 在介词的后面只能用关系代词which 来指代前面表示物的名词.如：I bought a lot of books yesterday, most of which are in English.三、as 和 which 引导非限定性定语从句的区分：1. 从句意上讲, as 引导的非限定性定语从句通常表示“正如,正像的那样”.而 which 引导非限定性定语从句时指代前面整个句子的内容.如：Taiwan is part of China, as is k
6、nown to all.China is making rapid progress, as everybody can see.Mary didn t pass the driving test, which made her very sad.2. 从位置上讲, as 引导的非限定性定语从句可以放在句子的前面、后面,甚至可放在这个句子的中间.由于, 实质上, as 引导的非限定性定语从句是一个插入语,用来对一个句子进行附加说明.故它在句中的位置比较敏捷.而 which 引导的非限定性定语从句只能放在先行词的后面.如：As is mentioned above, our school sti
7、ll calls for many skilled teachers. He is late again, as is often the case.Many people, as you know, are learning foreign languages.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He changed his mind, which made me very angry.3. 从搭配上讲, as 引导的非限定性定语从句中的谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词.如：see, hear, know, expect,guess,hope,remember 等.而 wh
8、ich 引导的非限定性定语从句中的谓语动词就没有这样的特点.如：The weather turned out fine, as we had expected.She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well.四、“介词 +关系代词”结构：“ 介词 +关系代词”也是历年来各省市高考的一个热点.对于这个结构应重点把握如下几点：1. 关于“名词 +of which/whom”结构.这种结构表示一种所属关系,在名词的前面通常有定冠词修饰.这个结构常常可以转化为“whose+名词”结构.如：The house, the
9、gate of which faces south, belongs to the Smiths. The house, whose gate faces south, belongs to the Smiths.Mr. Smith, the house of whom was robbed, reported it to the police. Mr. Smith, whose house was robbed, reported it to the police.2. 关于“数词 +of which / whom”结构（数词仍可以被some, many, most, each等不定代词替换
10、） .在这个结构中,介词 of 表示一种部分与全体的关系.这时,其中的数词可以后置,放在关系代词which 或 whom的后面, 构成“ of which /whom+数词”的结构.这时的介词of 不行换成其他任何介词.如：The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. The buses ,of which most were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowdI met some foreigners yesterday,
11、 two of whom are from the US. = I met some foreigners yesterday, of whom two are from the US.留意区分： I met some foreigners yesterday,and two of themare from the US.I met some foreigners yesterday.Two of themare from the US.3. 关于“介词 +关系代词” 结构.非限定性定语从句的关系代词前假如带有一个介词时,关系代词只能用 which 指物 或 whom指人 .如：Mr. Gre
12、en, for whom money is not a problem now, still lives a simple life. They arrived at a small town, from which it is only a short way to Shanghai. 且 which 和 whose 仍可修饰一个名词,作这个名词的定语.如：He got to the station at five yesterday afternoon, by which time the trains to Beijing had all left.This is Mr. Brown,
13、by whose car I came to New York.五、当表示时间、的点、缘由、方式的名词作先行词时,不能一概用关系副词when, where, why 或“介词 +which/ whom”引导定语从句.如引导词在定语从句中作状语,应用关系副词或“介词which / whom”引导定语从句.如引导词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语,就应用关系代词引导定语从句.试比较下面的句子：1) I ll never forget the days that / which I spent with my teacher. that / which在定语从句中作宾语 2) I ll never f
14、orget the days when =on which I joined the army. when在定语从句中作时间状语1) This is the reason which he gave me for doing it. which在定语从句中作宾语 2) Do you know the reason why he came late. why在定语从句中作缘由状语1) You can see the way in which his mind works when he reads his books. in which在定语从句中作方式状语 2) Is there any wa
15、y that can be found to solve the problem. that在定语从句中作主语 1) It is the house that was built two years ago. that在定语从句中作主语 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2) It is the house where I was born. where在定语从句中作状语 小结如下：1、先行词是表示时间的名词时,假如在从句中作状语,就用关系副词when /介词 +which .假如在从句中作动词或介词的宾语,就用which 或 that .如： I will never forg
16、et the days when / in which we worked together.（ work 是不及物动词） I will never forget the days which / that we spent together.（spent是及物动词） I will never forget the days when / in which we spent ones together.后已有宾语 ones ）（ spent 是及物动词 , 但其解析：在句中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系副词when 来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词the day
17、s .而在句中,表示时间的名词the days 在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语,所以用关系代词that或 which 来代指.2、同样, 先行词表示的点的名词假如在从句中作状语,就用关系副词where /介词 +which 或.假如在从句中作动词的宾语,就用which 或 that来代替.如： This is the factory where / in which I worked.（作状语） This is the factory that / which I visited years ago.（作宾语）（visit是及物动词） This is the factory where
18、/ in which I visited it years ago（作状语）（ visit是及物动词 , 但其后已有宾语 it）六、定语从句与强调句型的区分：定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词在所引导的从句中作某种成分,而强调句中的 that或 who 在句中不作任何成分.特殊留意：强调句与定语从句、状语从句等的混合使用.如： It was the park where I met her first time. where引导的点状语从句, it指代的点 It wasin the park that I met her first time. that引导强调句 It was six ocloc
19、k when we got home yesterday afternoon. when引导时间状语从句, it指代时间 It wasatsix o clock that we got home yesterday afternoon. that引导强调句 -Where did you met her first time.- It was in the park where we used to do morning exercise that I met her first time.where引导定语从句, that引导强调句 - When did the couples find th
20、eir lost son.- It was on the morning when you went to school that they found their son. when引导定语从句,that引导强调句 七、定语从句与同位语从句的区分：引导定语从句的 that在从句中作主语、 宾语或表语, 作宾语或表语时可以省略,而引导同位语从句的that在句中不作任何成分,也不能省略.如：This is the suggestion that he put forward.（定语从句）He gave me a suggestion that we should start at 5 o clo
21、ck.（同位语从句） 八、定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一样.如： Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.0 He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.解析：在句中,先行词foreigner被 only 修饰,强调只有一个,所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式,而在句 中, who 引导的定语从句修饰先行词the students,为复数,所以从句谓语动词应为复数.感悟：分析定语从句句子结构和成分是关键.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下
22、载精品_精品资料_九、 几个特殊先行词后的定语从句：1. reason 为先行词时 ,如引导词在从句中作状语,就用why 引导,如引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,就用 that或 which 引导.如：Do you know the reason why he didn t attend the meeting.（ why 在从句中作状语）This is the reason that / which he gave. that / which在从句中作宾语 2. situation,occasion,point在定语从句中作先行词,且引导词在从句中作状语时,就关系副词用where 或in
23、which.如:We may be trapped in such a situation where we have no one to turn to. where在从句中作状语 十、特殊定语从句.下面的定语从句,是一些特殊例子,仍有些是与其他句式的对比,肯定要熟记.1. He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.2. It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.3. Is this place the one that we visit
24、ed. Is this the place that we visited.4. He is one of the boys who play the piano very well. He is the only one of the boys who plays the piano very well.5. Mr. White has three sons, all of whom are doctors. Mr. White has three sons, and all of them are doctors.6. This is so touching a story as I ha
25、ve read three times. This is so touching a story that I have read it three times.7. As is known to us, Bell invented the telephone. It is known to us that Bell invented the telephone.8. Five visitors invited by him came as I expected. More visitors invited by him came than I expected.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下
26、载精品_精品资料_一、 that引导的定语从句与同位语从句其次讲 名词性从句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系,“的名词” ,而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容.与that从句同位的名词必需是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词,如fact,news, belief,truth,reply等. That 在定语从句中必需作成分,可用which 或 who/whom代替,而 that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用.如： Along with the letter was his promise that he would visi
27、t me this coming Christmas. Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago.解析：在句中,that引导同位语从句说明说明promise 的内容, that不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用, 而在句中, that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语,对先行词the chicken farm起修饰作用. 感悟：同学之所以在这一点上简单出错,主要仍是由于对定语从句的懂得不够深刻,辨论不出that在从句中是否充当了句子成分,因此,仍需在句子分析上下功夫,并且搞清何谓同位
28、语从句.二、名词性从句中,关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点1名词性从句作主语或宾语时,为保持句子平稳,常用it作形式主语或形式宾语.如：It s a pity that he don t come to give a speech.（形式主语）We think it possible that you can finish the job today.（形式宾语）2） 谓语动词 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由 if或 when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语 it.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_例如：
29、 I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.3） 动词 hare, take, hide, punish, put等, 后接由 that引导的病因从句式,往往在从句前加形式宾语it.例如： I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time.4） 短语动词 answer for, count on depend on, insist on, se
30、e to等后接有 that引导的宾语从句时,必需冠以形式宾语 it.例如： I m counting on it that you will come. She ll see to it that he goes ahead.第三讲 虚拟语气一、 虚拟语气在 if引导的条件句中的易错点. if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now.句子都是
31、虚拟语气在条件句中的使用,从句中都是假设过去的情形,所以用过去完成时,但在主句中,句依旧指代过去的情形,谓语动词是would have done,而中含有一个表示现在的时间状语now, 这样就必需将其懂得为假设现在的情形,所以谓语动词必需为would/should/might+动词原形,同学在这一点上常常会忽视now 的存在,从而按句的形式填写答案.二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法1. 在 it is important strange, natural, necessary +that句子或者 It is decidedordered, suggested, demanded, advise
32、d +that句子中,主语从句中的谓语动词常用（should ） +动词原形结构,表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被打算”等例如： it is important that everyone should obey the rules all day and all night. it is decided that the meeting should be held tomorrow afternoon.2. suggest, insist后面指宾语从句时需留意的的方1） suggest当“建议”“提出”讲时,其后宾语从句的谓语动词常用“（ should ）+动词原形” 例如： He sug
33、gested that the work should be started at once他建议立刻动工.类似的动词仍有 insist坚持, demand要求, desire要求、恳求, request恳求, require要求、需要, order命令, propose 建议, command命令, ask 要求, advise建议, prefer宁愿等.这些动词变被动语态 （如： It is suggested +that主语从句）形式后,主语从句谓语动词仍用“（ should ） +动词原形”这些动词变名词 （如 suggestion）后,其后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语部分仍用“sh
34、ould+动词原形” suggest当“提出（某看法） ,示意,启示”讲时,其后宾语从句的动词不用虚拟语气.例如：（ 1） The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family member警察局提出窃贼可能是一名家庭成员.（ 2） Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy.她打哈欠说明她困了.（ 3） Although he didnt suggest that wethe decision to swim across the river, but his look suggested
35、 that our decision wrong. 虽然他没提出我们应当终止游过这条河的打算,但他的表情说明我们的打算是错误的.A： stop; wasB: should stop; beC: stopped ; wasD: stopped; should be在这个句子中,前一个suggest当“建议”“提出”讲,而后一个作“说明”讲,所以答案为“A” 2） insist作“坚决要求该.坚持认为定要”讲时,其后宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”例如： I insisted that you should be there on time.我坚持认为你应当准时到那里去可编辑资料 -
36、 - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ insist作“坚持（看法,看法） .坚持说,确信”讲时,其后从句不用虚拟语气.例如： He suggested that he heard someone in thenext room.他坚持说他听到隔壁屋子里有人.三、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法1. 连词 if的省略if虚拟条件句中有 should, had或 were 时, if可以省略,将should, had或 were 放在句首.如：Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.假如我当时努力学习的话,我当然会胜利的.Were she my dau
37、ghter, I wouldn t allow her to study abroad.假如她是我的女儿,我就不让她出国学习了.2. 混合虚拟语气有时条件从句和结果主句所表示的时间不一样,这就要求主从句的时态依据实际的时间概念来确定.如：I f she had followed the doctor s advice, she would be quite all right now.假如当时她听医生的话,她现在就会好了.3. 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来示意存在虚拟条件.这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句.常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段
38、有：（ 1）介词（短语） ,主要有 but for, without, in case of等.如：But for your help, I couldn t finish the work on time.要不是你的帮忙,我不行能按时完成工作.Without electricity, there would not be modern industry.没有电,就没有现代工业.（ 2）通过上下文,句中往往有otherwise, or等词.如：I was very busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have come to see you.我昨天很忙,要不然我
39、就来看你了.4. 不用 if引导的条件从句非真实条件句中的条件从句除用if引导外,仍可用as if, unless, in case, for fear, on condition等引导.如：I ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.我给你留个座,没准你会转变想法.He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow.假如明天能仍回来,他就可以用这辆自行车.5. 只保留从句的虚拟语气这种从句常表示一种不行能实现的愿望,常用if o
40、nly引导.如：I f only I hadn t wasted the time in high school.我要是上中学时没有荒废时间就好了.第四讲 反意疑问句1. 在一般疑问句中,无论确定的问或是否定的问,假如回答为确定就用yes,反之就用 no. 特殊留意假如显现省略就看下文所示意的意义. Are you a new comer. Yes, I came here only yesterday.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ Isn t Tom a good student. Yes, he is excellent. Dont you think the comp
41、osition good. No, It can t be any worse.留意：在句中,当回答的意思与问句相一样时,就用No,译为“是的” ,当回答的意思与问句相反时,就用Yes,译为“不”2. 情态动词 must I must leave now, mustn t I .（表必需） He mustbe in the classroom, isn t he.（表估计：侧重表事实） He must have finished his homework, hasn t he .（表估计：侧重现在的结果） He must have finished his homeworkyesterdaya
42、fternoon, didn t he.（表估计：侧重表过去）当句子中有表示推测的情态动词时,其反意疑问句的构成不能再用原句中的情态动词,而应依据原句在去掉情态动词的情形下的主谓关系来确定其反问形式.第五讲 非谓语动词非谓语与其规律主语（即动作的执行者或承担者）之间有三种关系,如为主谓关系,就用现在分词或不定式的主动式. 如为被动关系就用过去分词、现在分词的被动 （强调动作正在进行） 或不定式的被动式 （动作将进行） . 如既无主动也无被动关系就只能用状语从句或独立主格结构（即非谓语加上自己的规律主语）.Judging/considering / generally speaking/supp
43、osing指说话者的动作,故只用主动式.如：Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam.解析：从这个句子可以看出,句词的规律主语与句子的主语he 一样,并且是主谓关系,所以用了现在的分词作状语,同时,分词的动作明显的发生在句子的谓语动词动作之前,故采纳了现代分词的完成式.In order to improve English ,.A. Jenny s father bought her a lot oftapes.B. Jenny s father bought a lot of
44、 tapes for herself.C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny father.解析：依据不定式短语我们可以推知,句子的规律主语应当是人而不是物,所以,应当排除CD,再就是应当是Jenny 提高自己的英语,而不是她爸爸,故答案先B., we decided to go out for a walk.A. It is fine B. It fine C. Being fine D. It being fine解析：主句主语 we 与动词短语 be fine之间既无主动关
45、系与无被动关系,所以要加上自己的规律主语It ,由于不存在主、被动关系,故不能选C 项,而应当选D 项. more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having giving解析： give 与主句的主语之间是被动关系,应选A. 如为主动关系就选C.易出错的问题一般都是同学在学习中对学问懂得不深刻或才能欠缺的的方,应准时纠错和建立“错题档案”,仍应“借题发挥” ,有意的把一些易错题予以归类,找出错误根源,总结规律.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一.表估计第六讲 “情态动词 + have done”用法盘点可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ must have done表示对过去发生事情的确定估计,意为“肯定,准是,想必”,只用于确定句中. can / could have done 表示对过去发生行为的怀疑和不愿定,通常用在 否定句和疑问句 中,意为“不行能” .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ may / might have done表示对过去发生的情形的估计,意为“或许,或许”,一般只用于确定句或否定句中,不用于疑问句.用might 就表示语气更加不愿定.如：I t s too late. I think