2022年高考英语语法易错点归纳.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高考英语语法易错点归纳第一讲 定语从句 一、只能用 that 引导定语从句的情形:1先行词是不定代词 everything, nothing, anything, all, much, many, a lot, few, little, none 等时;如:He was so hungry that he ate up everything that was put in front of him. He saw much that was bad. There is little that I can do for you.
2、 2 先行词被序数词或the last修饰时;如:He is the first student that I got to know in this school. This will be the last thing that I will do. 3先行词被最高级修饰或先行词本身就是最高级时;如:This is the most interesting film that I have seen this year. This book is the most expensive that I have bought so far. 4 先行词被 all, every, some, n
3、ext, any, no, many, much, the only, the very 等修饰时;如:He is the very man that I am after. 5 一些以 who, which开头的句子,为了防止重复,也要用that 作关系代词;如:Which is the book that you have just paid for. Who is the person that you are looking for. 6 先行词既指人也指物时;如:We talked about the things and persons that we still remember
4、ed. 7 the way 用作先行词时,引导词用 that 或 in which ,也可省略,但不能用 which ; 如:This is the only way(that / in which) you can work out this problem. 8. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时 只限于限定性定语从句 ;如:Mr. Smith still talks like the man that he was ten years ago. 二、只能用 which 引导定语从句的情形:1 在引导非限定性定语从句,且 which 指代前面的整个句子时;这一用法是高考的一个热点;如:Mary
5、 failed in the examination, which worried her mother a lot. 2在介词的后面只能用关系代词 which 来指代前面表示物的名词;如:I bought a lot of books yesterday, most of which are in English. 三、as 和 which 引导非限定性定语从句的区分:1 从句意上讲, as 引导的非限定性定语从句通常表示“ 正如 ,正像 的那样”;而 which 引导非限定性 定语从句时指代前面整个句子的内容;如:Taiwan is part of China, as is known t
6、o all. China is making rapid progress, as everybody can see. Mary didn t pass the driving test, which made her very sad. 2 从位置上讲, as 引导的非限定性定语从句可以放在句子的前面、后面,甚至可放在这个句子的中间;由于,实质上, as 引导的非限定性定语从句是一个插入语,用来对一个句子进行附加说明;故它在句中的位置比较灵 活;而 which 引导的非限定性定语从句只能放在先行词的后面;如:As is mentioned above, our school still c
7、alls for many skilled teachers. He is late again, as is often the case. Many people, as you know, are learning foreign languages. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 3 从搭配上讲, as 引导的非限定性定语从句中的谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词;如:see, hear,
8、 know, expect, guess, hope, remember 等;而 which 引导的非限定性定语从句中的谓语动词就没有这样的特点;如:The weather turned out fine, as we had expected. She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well. 四、“ 介词 +关系代词” 结构:“ 介词 +关系代词” 也是历年来各省市高考的一个热点;对于这个结构应重点把握如下几点:1 关于“ 名词 +of which / whom” 结构;这种结构表示一种所属关系,在名词的前
9、面通常有定冠词修饰;这个结构常常可以转化为“whose+名词” 结构;如:The house, the gate of which faces south, belongs to the Smiths. south, belongs to the Smiths. Mr. Smith, the house of whom was robbed, reported it to the police. robbed, reported it to the police. The house, whose gate faces Mr. Smith, whose house was 2 关于“ 数词 +
10、of which / whom” 结构(数词仍可以被 some, many, most, each 等不定代词替换) ;在这个结构中,介词 of 表示一种部分与全体的关系;这时,其中的数词可以后置,放在关系代词 which 或 whom的后面,构成“of which /whom+ 数词” 的结构;这时的介词 of 不行换成其他任何介词;如:The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. The buses ,of which most were already full, were s
11、urrounded by an angry crowdI met some foreigners yesterday, two of whom are from the US. = I met some foreigners yesterday, of whom two are from the US. 留意区分: I met some foreigners yesterday, and two of them are from the US. I met some foreigners yesterday. Two of them are from the US. 3 关于“ 介词 +关系代
12、词” 结构;非限定性定语从句的关系代词前假如带有一个介词时,关系代词只能用which 指物 或 whom指人 ;如:Mr. Green, for whom money is not a problem now, still lives a simple life. They arrived at a small town, from which it is only a short way to Shanghai. 且 which 和 whose 仍可修饰一个名词,作这个名词的定语;如:He got to the station at five yesterday afternoon, by
13、which time the trains to Beijing had all left. This is Mr. Brown, by whose car I came to New York. 五、当表示时间、地点、缘由、方式的名词作先行词时,不能一概用关系副词 when, where, why 或“ 介词 +which / whom” 引导定语从句;如引导词在定语从句中作状语,应用关系副词或“ 介词which / whom” 引导定语从句;如引导词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语,就应用关系代词引导定语从句;试比较下面的句子:1 Ill never forget the days that
14、 / which I spent with my teacher. that / which在定语从句中作宾语 2 Ill never forget the days when =on which I joined the army. when 在定语从句中作时间状语 1 This is the reason which he gave me for doing it. which 在定语从句中作宾语 2 Do you know the reason why he came late. why 在定语从句中作缘由状语 1 You can see the way in which his min
15、d works when he reads his books. in which 在定语从句中作方式状语 2 Is there any way that can be found to solve the problem. that在定语从句中作主语 第 2 页,共 12 页1 It is the house that was built two years ago. that在定语从句中作主语 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2 It is the house where I was born. where学习必备欢迎下载 在定语从
16、句中作状语小结如下:1、先行词是表示时间的名词时,假如在从句中作状语,就用关系副词 when / 介词 +which ;假如在从句中作动词或介词的宾语,就用 which 或 that ;如:I will never forget the days when / in which we worked together. I will never forget the days which / that we spent together.(work 是不及物动词)(spent 是及物动词)I will never forget the days when / in which we spent
17、ones together.(spent 是及物动词 , 但其后已有宾语 ones )解析:在句中,表示时间的名词 the days 在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系副词 when 来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词 the days ;而在句中,表示时间的名词 the days 在从句中充当的是动词 spent 的宾语,所以用关系代词 that 或 which 来代指;2、同样, 先行词表示地点的名词 假如在从句中作状语,就用关系副词 where / 介词 +which 或;假如在从句中作动词的宾语,就用 which 或 that 来代替;如:This is the factory where
18、/ in which I worked.(作状语)This is the factory that / which I visited years ago.(作宾语)(visit 是及物动词)This is the factory where / in which I visited it years ago (作状语)(visit 是及物动词 , 但其后已有宾语 it)六、定语从句与强调句型的区分:定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词在所引导的从句中作某种成分,而强调句中的that或 who 在句中不作任何成分;特殊留意:强调句与定语从句、状语从句等的混合使用;如:It was the park
19、where I met her first time. where 引导地点状语从句,it指代地点 it指代时间 It was in the park that I met her first time. that 引导强调句 It was six oclock when we got home yesterday afternoon. when 引导时间状语从句,It was at six o clock that we got home yesterday afternoon. that 引导强调句 -Where did you met her first time. - It was i
20、n the park where we used to do morning exercise that I met her first time.where 引导定语从句, that 引导强调句 - When did the couples find their lost son. - It was on the morning when you went to school that they found their son. when 引导定语从句,that 引导强调句 七、定语从句与同位语从句的区分:引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语、宾语或表语, 作宾语或表语时可以省略,而引导同位
21、语从句的that在句中不作任何成分,也不能省略;如:This is the suggestion that he put forward.(定语从句)(同位语从句)He gave me a suggestion that we should start at 5 oclock. 八、定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一样;如:Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.0 He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher. 解析:在句中,先行词
22、 foreigner 被 only 修饰,强调只有一个,所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式,而在句中, who 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 the students,为复数,所以从句谓语动词应为复数;感悟:分析定语从句句子结构和成分是关键;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 九、几个特殊先行词后的定语从句:学习必备欢迎下载1. reason 为先行词时 , 如引导词在从句中作状语,就用 用 that 或 which 引导;如:why 引导,如引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,就Do you know the reason w
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