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1、形容词和副词大全形容词(adjective)是修饰名词表示名词属性的词,常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如:a lovely baby 一个可爱的婴儿the beautiful picture那幅美丽的图画modern history现代历史 形容词 的用法形容词在句中可用作:1)定语He is a good boy.他是个好孩子。The Chinese Communist Party is a great party.中国共产党是伟大的党。2)表语The film is both moving and instructive.这部电影很感动人,而且富有教 育意义。I am very glad to
2、 see you.见到你很高兴。3)宾语补足语 和宾语一起构 成复合宾语。如:Have you got everything ready for the journey?你行装者口准备好了吗?We keep our rooms clean and tidy.我们经常保持房间的整洁。4)相当于名词某些形容词前用定冠词the,变成名词化的形容词,可在句 中作主语、宾语等。如:The young are active.青年人积极好动。(the young作主语)The blind can learn to read with their fingertips.盲人能够用指尖学习阅读书籍。(the b
3、lind作主语)He has a keen sense of the new.他对新鲜事物有敏锐的感觉。(the new作宾语)注一上述三例中的 the young = the young people, the blind the four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。注表示“几倍于也可以 用下面的说法,如:Three times three is nine.三乘三得九。 He is twice my age.他的年龄比我大一倍。This lake is four times the size of that one这个湖有那个湖四个大。The irr
4、igated area in this province is four times bigger than in 1978这个省的灌 溉面积比 1978年增加三倍。(four times bigger than = four times as big as)Our countys agricultural output this year is 5 per cent higher than that of last year.我们县今年农业产量比去年增长百分之五。表示程度可用 much, far, still, even, a little, no, any, a great deal 等状
5、语 来修饰形容词和副词的比拟级。如:The Yellow River is long, but the Changjiang River is even longer.黄 河长,长江更长。We are much better off now.我们的生活比过去好得多。She sings far better than the others.她唱得比另U人好得多。Wang is taller than Zhang. Li is still than Wang.王比张高,李比王还高。注一注意下面的一些说法。如:I couldnt move a step further, 我连一步也走不动了。The
6、meeting lasted two hours longer than usual.会议比平常多开了两 个钟头。He is a head taller than I.他比我高一个头。(也可以说 He is taller than me by a head.)They got there earlier than we by twenty minutes1也们比我们早二十分 钟到达那里。The students of the university have increased by 100 per cent since1978.这个大学的学生自一九七八年以来增加了一倍。Do you want
7、any more? -Yes, give me two more.你还要吗?一是的,再给我两个。Have you any more tickets? -Sorry, I have no more.你还有票吗?一对 不起,没有了。注二可用形容词最高级+ possible或imaginable等词来强 调语气。如:I think he is the best possible man for the job.我认为他做这 工作最合适。(也可以说the best man possible)Swimming in winter is the best form of exercise imaginab
8、le.冬泳是最 好的运动方式。(也可以说the best imaginable form)英语学习相关资料来源: 英语培训机构英语水平测试基础英语学习Blind people, the new the new things.(参看3.4的7)注二在The sun rose red(旭日升起)中的形容词red和Dont marry young(不要早婚)中的形容词young都是主语补足语。形容词的位置形容词常放在它所修饰的名词之前。关于形容词有时可以后置的问题(见 16.18),但如有一个以上的形容词修饰名词,这些形容词的顺序那么由它们和被修 饰名词的关系的密切程度来决定。一般说来,关系最密切的
9、最*近被修饰的名词, 关系较疏远的离被修饰的名词也较远。如:a large wild plant 一株很大的野生植物a simple musical instrument 一种简单的乐器a small fierce dark brown animal 一种小而凶的深褐色动物(注意dark修 饰 brown)以上例子中的形容词之间并非并列关系,如第一例中的large与wild并非 并列,而large所修饰的是wild plant。如表并列关系,形容词之间须用逗号或 ando 如:a strong, swift horse 一匹又壮又快的马many happy and healthy childr
10、en很多幸福而健康的儿童a short and militant article 一篇简短有力的文章(militant 一词较长,放在short之后,这也是英语里安排形容词位置的一种方法。)形容词的比拟等级及其形式英语形容词比拟等级(degrees of comparison)一般有两个:即比拟级 (comparative degree)和最高级(superlative degree)不用比拟等级的形容词通常称为原级(positive degree)o形容词的比拟级形式是:”形容词+后缀-er”或“单词more +形容词”。它的最高级形式是:”形容词+后缀-est ”或“单词most +形容词
11、。注一形容词比拟等级所加的-er和-est,自成一个音节,分别读作E和 isto 如:原级比拟级最高级tall tC:l taller5tC:IE tallest5tC:list happy 5hApi happier5hApiE happiest5hApiist thin Win thinner 5WinE thinnest 5Winist fine fain finer 5fainE finest 5fainist注二如果形容词原级的词末为不发音的字母r,力口-er和-est时,r要发r 音。如:near niE nearer 5niErE nearest5niEristclear kli
12、E clearer5kliErE clearest 5kiErist如果形容词原级词末的发音为N,在加-er和-est时,N音后得加一个g 音。如:strong strCN stronger 5strCNgE strongest 5strCNgist long ICN longer 5ICNgE longest 5ICNgist注三有些形容词一般没有比拟等级。 如:right, wrong, woolen, wooden.不规贝ij变化原级比拟级最高级good好well好,健康的 better best bad 坏,差 worse worst many 多 more most much 多li
13、ttle 小,少 less leastfar 远 farther, further farthest, furthest形容词前如加less和least,那么表示较不和最不。如:interesting有 趣 difficult 难less interesting 较无趣 less difficult 较不难least interesting最无趣leas difficult最不难 形容词比拟级的用法比拟级用于二者的比拟,其结构是:含有形容词比拟级的主句+附属连词 than引导的从句(从句中常省去意义上和主句相同的局部)。如:Li is older than Zhou.李比周年纪大。(从句中省去
14、了 is old)There are more children in this nursey than in that one.这个托儿所的 孩子比那个托儿所多。(从句中省去了 there are children)After two years physical training, she is healthier and stronger.经过 两年的体力锻炼,她(比以前)健康强壮多了。(注意这里省去了从句than she was)We are much better off than ever before.我们的生活比过去任何时候都 要好得多。(than后省去了 we were)Pa
15、ul weighs less than harry.保尔的体重比哈利轻。Mary is less clever than Jane.玛丽不如简那么聪明。注一汉语可以说昆明的气候比兰州好。英语必须加that,译为:The climate of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.注二英语比拟级常译作较、一些等,但不等于汉语的更。汉 语的更须用still或even来表示如:This book is even more difficult than that one.这本书比那本书更难。注三有些情况下,汉语不用较等字眼,英语那么须用比拟级,如:Will th
16、e younger people give their seats to old people?请年轻人把座位让给老年人 好不好?形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级用于二者以上的比拟,其结构一般是:定冠词the+形容词最 高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。如:Peter is the oldest boy of them all.彼得是这群男孩中年纪最大的。(介语 短语of them all表示范围)London is the biggest city in Britain ,伦敦是英国最大的城市。(介词短 语in Britain表示范围)Mt. Qomolangma is the Worlds
17、highest peako 珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高 峰。(注意这里表示范围的是名词所有格the worlds)This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。 (that在口语中一般省略,that从句表示范围)注一形容词最高级后的名词如果在前面已提过,可省去。如:This novel is the best (that) I have ever read.这是我所看过的小说中最 好的一本。注二在口语中,形容词最高级也可以用于二者的比拟。如:This is the shortest of the two roads.这是两条路中
18、最近的一条路。注 三形容词最高级用作表语表品质时,其前不用定冠词the。如:He is happiest when he is working.他工作时最愉快。英语学习相关资料来源: 英语培训机构英语水平测试基础英语学习什么是副词副词(adverb)修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等,说明时间、地点、程度、方 式等概念。如:often往往,here这里,very很,quickly很快地。副词的构成1)本身就是副词,如now现在,there那里,rather颇。2)由形容词加词尾-ly变来,如firmly坚决地,happily幸福地。3)与形容词同形early adj.早的 early adv.早 h
19、igh adj.高的 high adv.高高地long adj.长的,长久的long adv.长久地副词的种类副词可分为以下几种:1)普通副词(ordinary adverb)如:together一起,well 好,seriously 认 真地,slowly慢,carefully小心地。2)疑问副词(interrogative adverb)如:when 何时,where 何地,how 如 何,why为何。3)关系副词(relative adverb)如:where, when。4)连接副词(conjunctive adverb)如:then 然后,s。所以,thereore 所以,howev
20、er 然而,hence 所 以,thus 这样,nevertheless 然而,otherwise 否那么,still 可是,仍然。副词的用法副词在句中可用作:1)状语(这是副词在句子中的主要功用)It is raining hard.雨下得很大。(副词hard作状语,修饰动词is raining。)Dont drive too fast.车子不要开得太快。(fast是副词,作状语,修饰动词 drive,副词too又修饰副词fast。)He speaks English quite well.他英语讲得相当好。(well 修饰动词 speaks, quite又修饰副词welL )This is
21、 a fairly useful tool,这是一件相当有用的工具。(fairly修饰形容词 useful)He has always helped his sister with her homework.他一向帮助他妹妹 做家庭作业。(always修饰动词has helped)She often went there.她常到那儿去。(often和there均是副词,修饰动词 wento )Perhaps he will telephone later.也许他以后会打 来的。(perhaps 是副词,用以修饰全句。)2)表语Is he up?他起床了没有? She is out她出去了。3)
22、定语 Life here is full of joy.这儿的生活充满了欢乐。(here修饰名词life)副词的位置1)修饰动词时,有三种位置。2)修饰形容词和副词时,须放在被修饰词之前。如:It is a rather difficult job,这是一件颇为困难的工作。(rather修饰形容词 difficult)He runs very fast.他跑得很快。(very修饰副词fast) 3)副词作定语时,一 般放在被修饰的名词之后。如:The peasants there are busy digging a canal now.那里的农民现在正忙 于修水渠。On my way hom
23、e, I met groups of Young Pioneers.在回家的路上我遇 见成群的少先队员。副词的比拟等级和形容词同形的副词的形式变化与形容词完全相同。但以词尾-ly结尾的副 词(注意early 一词的-ly不是副词的词尾)须用more和most。另外,须注意下 面例词中well, badly的不规那么变化。如:原级比拟级最高级hard 努力地 harderhardest fast 快 faster fastest well 好 better best badly 坏 worseworstearly 早 earlier earliestquickly 快 more quicklym
24、ost quicklyh叩pily快乐地 more happily most happily副词比拟等级的用法1)副词比拟级的用法与形容词比拟级相似。如:David drives faster than anyone I know.大卫开车比我所知道的任何人都 要快。She plays table tennis better than L她乒乓球打得比我好。(从句中省略 7 play table tennis)Mr. Martin usually gets to the office earlier than others.马丁先生至U办 公室通常比别人早。They speak less fl
25、uently but more correctly than we do.他们讲得不如 我们流利,但比我们正确。2)副词最高级用法,除副词前可以不用the外(用the 也可以),其余与形容词最高级相同。如:I work fastest when Fm under pressure.我在有压力时工作得最快。He swims the best in Class One.一班他游泳最好。比拟等级的一些特殊用法 两 种不同形式有几个形容词和副词的比拟级和最高级有两种的比拟等级不同形式,而且意 义也不同。举例说明:l)Rome is one of the oldest cities in the wor
26、ld.罗马是世界上最古老的 城市之一。Her eldest daughter is a school teacher.她大女JL是个教员。My elder brother is in college. He is two years olderthan L 我哥哥在 上大学,他比我大两岁。注older, oldest说明人的年纪或事物的年代的久远,但在美国英语里也 表示长幼。2)They reached the place later than we.他们到达那儿比我们晚。 Twenty years later he returned to his home village.二十年后,他回到自
27、己 的家乡。3)Who spoke last?是谁最后发言的?What is the latest news about the sports meet?关于运动会最近有什么 消息?as.as;not so. .as 或 not as.as 1)表示相等”用 as.aso2)表示不相等用not soas或not asas。如:l)This knife is as sharp as that one.这把刀跟那把一样快。Bill is as tall as L比尔和我一般高。Is this bag of soyabeans as heavy as that one? 这袋大豆跟那袋一样重 吗?Y
28、ou know as well as I do.你和我一样明白。注注意as后面的形容词如作定语,而被定语修饰的名词有不定冠词a时, 冠词a 须放在形容词之后,如 German is as difficult a language as English.(德 语和英语一样难学。)。这样的词序也适用于so,如I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin before我过去从未见过像桂林这样美丽的地方。)2)tian An Men Square was not so big as it is now.天安门广场过去没有 现在这样大。The Atla
29、ntic Ocean is not as big as the Pacific ocean大西洋没有太平洋 大。表示几倍于用twice (两倍),three times(三倍)等加asas.如:New York is ten times as big as my home town纽约有我的家乡十个大。 The output of the paper mill is now three times as high as it was in 1966. 这家纸厂的生产比一九六六年增加两倍。This river is twice as long as that one.这条河比那条河长一倍。Asia is