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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -形容词和副词【2021 高考考纲解读】形容词与副词是高考考查的热点, 高考英语中单项填空、完形填空、书面表达,任何一项题目中都有可能涉及到形容词等级、辨析和在句中的位置。关于形容词与副词这一考点,主要考查以下几个方面:在详细的语境中考查不同形容词意义的区分。考查形容词做状语。考查比较级的用法特殊是隐性比较。考查一些习语搭配。与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly 构成的副词的区分。多个形容词作定语时的排列次序等。【重点学问整合】一、形容词,副词的主要功能形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补语,但有时也作状语,表示
2、相伴缘由等。We find the boy considerate.宾补 He walked in the snow, cold and hungry .(相伴状语)Afraid of difficulties, they took the easy road.(缘由状语)副词作状语主要是用作修饰性状语、评注性状语及连接性状语。其中后两种状语是现在考查的重点。He speak English fairly fluently修饰性状语 . Fortunately , none of the them was hurt. 评注性状语 His first response was to say no
3、. Later, however, he changed his mind. 连接性状语 留意: 形容词作状语是形容主语的性质,而副词作状语就修饰动词。如:He walked home slowly.He arrived home safe.二、形容词的位置:1形容词作定语通常前置,但在以下情形后置:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1 修 饰 some, any, every, no 和 body, thing,one 等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - -
4、 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2 以-able, -ible 结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或 only 修饰的名词之后thebest bookavailable,theonlysolution possible可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3 Afraid,ashamed,alive,alike,awake,aware, asleep 等表语形容词作定语要后置the only person awake可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get
5、 on with6个别形容词前置和后置意义不同the members present在场的,出席的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -the present situation现在的 the concerned parents 焦虑的 the students concerned有关的 2多个形容词修饰同一个名词的次序:多个形容词作定语排列的
6、次序口诀巧记:限定描画大长高,外形年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。即:限定语(The、A )+ 描画性形容词+ size(小) + shape(外形) + age(年龄、时间)+ color (颜色)+ origin (国籍、来源)+ material (材料) + purpose(目的) + 名词。如: the man s first tow interesting little red French oil paintings.a small round tablea tal l gray buildinga dirty old brown shirt a famous Ger
7、man medical schoolan expensive Japanese sports car多个形容词修饰同一个名词时,要从以下几个方面把握其次序。( 1)表示不定、泛指意义的多类形容词修饰同一中心词的次序为:限定词 + 一般描画性形容词 + 大小(长短、 高低) 类 + 外形(新旧、 年 龄)类 + 颜色类 + 来源(国籍、的区、出处)类 + 物质(材料、质的) 类 + 用途(类别、功能、作用)类 + 中心名词。例如 : a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden study room. 口诀记忆 : 美小圆旧黄 法国木书房( 2
8、)限定词分类:前位限定: all, both, half, double, 倍数,分数中位限定:冠词、指示代词、全部格及some, any, no, every, each, either, much, whose 等后位限定:基数、序数及little, few, last, next, other, another, more, less, several等( 3)限定词次序 ::前位+ 中位+ 后位+ 中心词。例如 : all these last few days。some beautiful little red flowers注: 前位、中位限定词不能两个或两个以上同时修饰同一中心词
9、,但后位限定词可以,位置较固定。体会 :the first two chapters;the next few weeks ;another two boys; three other girls;any no, few, three such books3 ly 结尾的形容词 ly 是副词的后缀,但有些形容词以ly 结尾。friendly 友好的。sisterly 姐妹般的。lovely 可爱的。womanly 像女人的。silly 傻的。ugly 丑陋的。elderly 较老的。oily 多油的。lonely 孤独的。三、副词1副词的分类:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1
10、时间副词soon,now,early,finally,once, recently5频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2的点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards, above6疑问副词how, where, when, why可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3 方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly,7连接副词how,when,where,why,whether, however, meanwhile可编辑资料 -
11、- - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结4 程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly,quite, rather8关系副词when, where, why可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2副词作状语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -( 1)有些副词像fortunately, luckily, surprisi
12、ngly, honestly, actually, personally等做评注性状语往往修饰整个句子,对整个句子进行说明或说明,表示说话人对话语的态度与看法。通常位于句首,常用逗号与句子分开。如:Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem. Personally, I don t think he will interview you.注:连接副词图表及运用( 2)仍有些副词其连接作用,使前后句构成某种规律上的连接。常见的有:意义词汇表示列举和次序Firstly,secondly, then, next, fina
13、lly ,last表示意义增补和引申Also, besides, furthermore, moreover表示意义等同Equally, similarly表示结果therefore, thus, consequently表示推论Otherwise表示换个说法Rather, alternatively表示意义转折Instead, still, though, yet, however,表示让步Anyhow, anyway表示时间过度Meanwhile, meantimeI am wrong. Similarly, you are to blame.我错了 . 同样的 ,你也该受到声讨。 He
14、was down with the flu, and therefore couldnt come to the party.Seize the chance. Otherwise youll regret it.抓住这个机会,否就你会懊悔的。They are enjoying themselves. Or Rather, they appear to be enjoying themselves. He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program.It may snow, but anyhow I will go to to
15、wn.可能下雪 ,但我无论如何要进城。He said he would come, he didnt, though.Mother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the house.四、兼有两种形式的副词( 1)不加 ly 表示详细概念,加ly 表示抽象概念。 high 空间高度Do you see that butte rfly flying high above the street. highly 表示高程度The distinguished guests were highly praised. 贵宾们受到了高度颂扬deep 空间深度They
16、had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水。deeply 深深的You have offended him deeply. 你冒犯他可不轻。close 接近的,紧紧的She stood close against the wall. 她紧挨着墙站着。closely认真的,严密的The police were watching him closely. 警察在亲密监视他。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - -
17、 - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -【close; closely 】close 意为 “靠近。挨近。接近”。如:He lives close to the school.他住得靠近学校。closely 意为 “紧密的。严密的。紧紧的。认真的”。如:She is following the matter closely.【deep; deeply 】deep 多用于详细的、有形的场合。如:They had to dig deep to find water.留意以下几个搭配:deep into the night 到深夜dee
18、p in reading a book 用心致志的读书deep in work study, thought 埋头工作(学习,深思)deeply 多用于抽象的或比如的场合,意为“深刻的。剧烈的”。如:We love our motherland deeply.我们深深的喜爱我们的祖国。【free freely 】free 常用在动词后面,意为 “免费的。 自由的 ”。如:You can eat free in my restaurant. freely 意为 “随便的。直率的。不受限制的。不受阻碍的”。如:You can speak freely in front of me. 【hard;
19、hardly 】hard 意为 “努力的。猛烈的。费劲的。用功的。拼命的”。如:It rained hard yesterday.hardly 意为 “几乎不。简直没有”。如:I can hardly recognize him.【fair; fairly】fair 用作副词,意为“公正的。正面的”,常显现在以下短语中。play fair 公正的竞赛hit fair 正面打过去fair and square 正大光明的fairly 意为 “公正的。公正的。诚恳的 ”,与形容词fair 相对应。如:We should treat everybody fairly.fairly 仍可用作表示程度的
20、副词,意为“相当的 ”。如:She plays the piano fairly well.【high; highly】high 作副词用时,指的是详细的“高”。如:We flew high in the sky.highly 作副词用时,表示的是抽象的“高度 ”,意思相当于very much 。如:He is highly paid.留意一些固定词组:aim high 向高处瞄准,心怀大志live high 过浪费的生活【just; justly】just 作副词用时,意为“正是。就是。刚才。简直太”。如:This is just what I want.justly 作副词用时,意为“公正
21、的。合理的。公正的”。如:He was justly punished for his crimes.【late; lately 】late 用作副词时,意为“迟到的。过晚的”。如:We always work late at night.lately 用作副词,意为“最近,不久之前”,相当于recently 或 not long ago 。如:He hasn t seen Jim lately.留意:as late as与 as lately as 都有 “近到。直到 ”的意思,用法相同。如:I saw him as late lately as yesterday.【most; mostl
22、y 】most 是 much 的最高级, 也可构成形容词和副词的最高级。如: Which part of the concert did you like most.在较正式的文体里,most 用于加强语气,前面可以加不定冠词,意为“特别。极其 ”。Hangzhou is a most beautiful city.杭州是一个特别美丽的城市。mostly 意为 “主要的。几乎全部。在大多数场合”。如:This drink is mostly sugar and water.【near; nearly 】near 作为副词,意为“离不远。近邻 ”。如:The train came nearer
23、and nearer.nearly 作为副词,意为“几乎。差不多。将近”。如:The child slipped and nearly fell.【pretty; prettily】pretty 作为副词,意为“特别的。相当的”,与 rather 的意思相近。如:A girl aged 25 is pretty old to take up ballet dancing.prettily 作为副词,意为“美丽的 ”。如:Sometimes Miss Zhao is prettily dressed.【wide; widely 】wide 作为副词,意为“广大的。张得很大、宽。充分的。全部的。完
24、全的”,表示状态和结果。如: “ Open your mouth wide,” said the d大oc夫to说r. : “张大嘴。 ”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -widely 作为副词,意为“广泛的。大大的。广博的。在很多的方”,表示程度和范畴。如:English is widely used all over the world
25、.英语在全世界被广泛使用。【easy; easily 】easy 作为副词,只显现在某些短语中,常用于口语中。如:Easier said than done.Easy come, easy go.easily 作为副词,意为“简单的。不费劲的。无疑的”。如:He won the race easily.【short; shortly】short 作为副词,意为“突然的。短暂的。简短的。提早的”。如:She spoke short at the meeting.shortly 作为副词,意为“不久。立刻。简短的”。如:He is shortly to leave for Japan.留意: sh
26、ort 用作副词时,常用在一些固定词组中。如:cut sb./sth. short 终止或中断go short of 欠缺run short of 用完【clean; cleanly 】clean 作为副词,意为“径直的。完全的”。如:I clean forgot about it.我完全遗忘它了。cleanly 作为副词,意为“洁净利落的 ”。如:The knife doesn t cut clearly这. 把刀切起来不利落。【clear; clearly 】clear 作为副词,意为“完全的。径直的”。如:You can see clear to the mountains today.
27、The prisoner got clear away.这个囚犯逃得无影无踪。clearly 作为副词,意为“清晰的。显而易见的”。如:Can you see clearly from here.【dead; deadly 】dead 作为副词,意为“突然的。完全的”。如:He was dead tired.The wind was dead against us. deadly作为副词,意为“死一般的。极度的。致命的”。如:deadly paledeadly serious【direct; directly】 direct 作为副词,意为“直线的。不绕圈子的”。如:The train goe
28、s there direct. directly 作为副词,意为“直接的(反义为间接的)。立刻。立刻 ”。如:She answered me very directly and openly.I ll be there directly.【考题示例】 After watching the movie Avadar, Mary lay in bed with her eyesopen while all her family wereasleep. D wide; sound( 2)两种形式,词义差别较大late 晚You have come too late.lately最近 What hav
29、e you been doing lately.free 免费 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.freely自由的 You may speak freely; say what you like.most 很,特别,最He is most kind to me.mostly主要的,大部分She is mostly at home on Sundays.hard 努力的Think harder.hardly 几乎不,简直不I can hardly understand you.五、形容词和副词比较等级的基本句型句型( 1)
30、as + adj./ adv. 原级+ as/ not as/ so + adj./ adv. 原级 +as留意:当asas 中间出名词时采纳以下格式。This is as good an example as the other is.= This is an example as good as the other is.句型( 2) adj./ adv. 比较级 + than / less + adj./ adv. 原级 + than You are less tall than I.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - -
31、-第 5 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -留意:比较级后面跟出名词时,有时需要加适当的冠词。Tom is the taller of the two brothers.I have never read a better story.句型( 3) the +最高级+ of/ among+同类名词 / in + 范畴、的点等名词/定语从句 have ever This cake is the most delicious of all/ in the
32、shop/ I have ever had.留意:当没有比较的范畴时,most 表示特别 ,相当于 very ,此时没有比较概念。例如:Steel is most useful / a most useful material in industry. 否定词语 +比较级 , 否定词语 + soas结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing. We couldnt feel better.( 4)比较等级的修饰语强调一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较
33、级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot 、a bit、a little 、still 、much、 far、yet、by far 等修饰。留意: by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“ the。”如: He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.最高级可被序数词以及much、by far 、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite 、not really 、nothing like等
34、词语所修饰。原级可被very, too, so, enough, rather, quite, fairly等等修饰。句型( 4) the+ 比较级, the+ 比较级。表示“越越” The more you practise , the better you can understand.你练习的越多你懂得的就越透。( 1)双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级(+ than) ”的结构表示。要留意题干中将比较的另一方隐匿起来的情形。句型( 5)表示一方不及另一方时, 用“less +原级 +than ”的结构表示。 This room is less beautiful than th
35、at one. 句型( 6)不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的转变时,用 “比较级 + and + 比较级 ”的结构,意思是 “越来越 ”。如: The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful.( 8)三者及其以上之间的比较,要用最高级。( 9)否定词 +比较级,可以用来表达最高级的意思。如:I couldnt agree mo我re.特别同意。( 10)某些以 -ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时,用 to 代替 than。这些词有inferior (劣等的, 次的)、superi
36、or(较好的,优于)、junior (资格较浅的) 、senior(资格较老的) 、prior (在之前)等。He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.( 11)用介词 by表示相差的程度。He is taller than I by a head. 他比我高一头。( 12) more., than. 表示 “如其说不如说”。It is more blue than green.六、倍数的表达的常用句型句型( 1) A is three / four.times the size / height / length / width.of B.如:The
37、newly broadened square id four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。句型( 2) A is three / four.times as big / high / long / wide.as B.如:This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。句型( 3) A is three / four.times bigger / higher / longer / wider.than B.如:The dictionary is exa
38、ctly five times more expensive than that one.七、形容词、副词重难点透视1 考查比较级中比较范畴和对象的一样性在比较级结构中,互比对象要一样,切不能相互包涵。体会下面几种表达方式:( 1)比较的范畴结构( 1)than any other+单数名词=than any+ 单数名词+else=than any of the other+复数名词同一范畴的比较=thanany of the others=thanallthe other+复数名词allthe可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - -
39、- -第 6 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -othersChina is larger than any other country in Asia.China is larger than any country else in Asia. China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.结构( 2)than any other +复数名词 =than any+ 单数名词 =than
40、 any of the+ 复数名词不同范畴的比较 China is larger than any other countries in Africa.China is larger than any country in Africa. China is larger than any of the countries in Africa.( 2)比较的对象:互比对象一样时为防止重复,常用that 或 those 表示特定指代,不定的指代用one复数形式用ones。 The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. The radios ma
41、de in our factory are better than those in your factory. I prefer a street in a small town to one in such a large city as Shanghai. The house built of brick last longer than that of wood.2.考查否定的隐含比较和省略现象在实际运用中,比较的对象在上下文中常常隐含、省略,而借助否定意义来考查比较级的应用已成为困绕同学的一大难点。体会:( 1)John feels better, please dont 现wo在r
42、ry与. 过 去比( 2)We all hope to live in a better world. 现在与将来比( 3)Things can t be worse. Why dont you do anything to stop the将m来.的情形与现在比( 4)He had never spent a more worrying day. 过去与过去以前比( 5)常见句型结构( 1):否定词( never ,not nothing. )+比较级 , 表达最高级概念Nothing is more valuable than health.结构( 2):否定词( never ,not n
43、othing. )+so +adj+as,表达最高级概念None is so blind as those who wont see.3. 考查多个形容词作定语的词序问题多个形容词修饰同一中心名词,词序的排列是记忆的难点和重点。【考题示例】(1) This girl is Linda s cousin.A. pretty little Spanish(2) The husband gave his wife every month in order to please her.D. all his half income可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结(3) The house smells as if it hasn t been lived Ain. lfiottrleyewahriste.4考查形容词、副词词义的辩析问题wooden可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结近几年高考不仅加强了对语义的考查,而且更留意对词汇扩展才能的考查。做题时,要结合语境,留意惯用法和固定搭配,认真辨析,作出正确挑选。知 识 链 接 : 常 考 易 考 型 副 词 归 类partly 部分的particularly 特殊、特殊obviously显而易见的 occasionally 偶然