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1、高考英语复习备考：高考英语常考主题语境一自然素养解读生命起源于自然，因此，万物应与自然和谐统一。在人类生命活动中，热爱大自然、 探索自然界的奥秘、保护大自然等都是我们永恒的主题。学会了珍爱自然，也就学会了珍 爱我们人类自己。“自然”是高中新课程标准主题之一。课标及考纲中的“自然”是人与自然的和谐相处，人 在自然界的生存、动植物保护、生态保护，自然灾害等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息 相关，联系密切。“自然”是历年高考英语的常考主题。就历年高考英语书面表达而言，“自然”主要包括环 境破坏、生态保护、自然灾害等话题。关于这一主题的写作常有以下几种命题方式：1 .介绍飓风的基本知识。2 .介绍台风的
2、基本知识。3 .介绍某次大地震或水灾的破坏、影响等。4 .濒危动物的现状及呼吁人们关注濒危动物。5 .人与自然和谐相处话题。6 .全球变暖问题。语库构建语境串记A horrible earthquakeDirty water rose in wells and canals before the earthquake. 1.no one judged that an earthquake was coming. Suddenly, everything shook. It seemed as if the world was 2.an end. 3.(million) of brick hou
3、ses and a number of dams were destroyed. Railway tracks became 4. (use) bars. Pipes in mines burst and let out 5. (smell) steam. Huge cracks trapped cyclists everywhere.1. When the lava reached the sea, there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could （淹没） half the island.2. Only the femal
4、e （蚊子） can suck blood and transmit malaria.3. The lack of （对环境友好的）habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.4. It rained heavily in the south in the summer of 2016, （造成严重的 洪涝灾害）in several provinces.5. It seems that they are not worried at all about the fact that
5、 wild animals （endanger）.6. In spite of all this, immediately the government （号召）the whole nation to support the places hit by the worst disaster.7. It （从来没想至U） to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.8. We should （和谐相处） animals, creating a pleasant ecological environment.9
6、. Well have nowhere to live in the future unless we （采取措施）to protect the earth now.10. Deserts are also created because people （砍伐）trees and dig up grass.（三）核心句型表达根据要求翻译下列句子。1 .自然灾害总是不期而至，造成大量人员伤亡，毁坏无数的房屋。译法一：（现在分词作结果状语）译法二：（非限制性定语从句）2 .我们每个人都应该充分利用水资源，比如在日常生活中循环利用和节约用水。译法一：（强调句型，强调主语）译法二：（主语从句）3 .只
7、有这样我们才能够尽早战胜自然灾害。译法一：（强调句型，强调状语）译法二：(倒装句)4 .为了让世界变得更好，我们应该遵守生态准则，保护环境。译法一：(in order to 句型)译法二：(so that句型)主题测评知识维度诊断评价I.单句填空1. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside (exact) where it was.2. On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, (cause) about 80 deaths and 1, 500 in
8、juries.3. Last year a terrible flood broke out in the south of China, causing great loss the people there.4. Tornadoes can cause much (destroy).5. The (bad) tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states.6. When hurricanes come, there are violent winds of 120 kilometers per hour or
9、more, cause bad weather.7. That is the only way we can imagine (reduce) the overuse of water in students* bathrooms.8. Lets work together and do we can to make the earth a better place tolive in.9. Everyone should take the (responsible) to protect the environment.10. Nowadays, natural disasters have
10、 been more widespread and more frequent, becoming increasing threat to development.11. With more and more trees cut down, the balance of nature(damage) , which has caused many wild animals and plants in danger of extinction.12. Besides, our government should devote every effort to (protect) wildlife
11、, preventing the endangered animals from being killed.13. The whole city lay in(ruin) after the earthquake, which made them lie awake all night.14. We should also repay nature, rather than (blind) consume.15. Due to excessive population growth, human beings require much more natural resources than b
12、efore, which (lead) to excessive pressure on nature.16. On average, all kinds of natural disasters take place every year and even some are beyond peoples (expect).17. Two people were buried in the buildings, but(fortunate) enough, they were rescued in time.18. There is a possibility experienced expe
13、rts will be able to forecastsome terrible natural disasters accurately in the future.19. In Copenhagen Climate Conference, rich countries promised to set a fund of $100 billion by 2020 to help developing countries.20. The WWF (found) in the UK in 1961 and opened an international office in Switzerlan
14、d in the same year.II.单句改错1. They found the remain of the buildings buried under the sand.2. About 400 earthquakes occur worldwide every day, more than a hundred thousands in a year.3. The typhoon brought the worst flooding in 50 years to southern Taiwan, killed more than 460 people with scores of p
15、eople injured or missing.4. In this activity, students have raised their aware of environmental protection.5. Its high time that we arouse peoples awareness of wildlife protection.6. Furthermore, effective measures should taken to protect rare wildlife, including punishing the hunters severely.7. We
16、 often say that the earth is our homeland and human society comes from the nature.8. For the long-term develop, the population growth must be controlled.9. We all come from nature which is our home? -land, so we must try our best to protect them.10. Yesterday a violent hurricane hit the area, which
17、caused a lot of damages to the buildings and cars.III.语篇填空选用所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文意思完整。What should you do when an earthquake occurs? Here are some tips for you.When walking outsideTake caution against falling objects, such as signs and 1.windows. Tools and construction materials can fall down at a construc
18、tion site. Protect your head with your bag or coat and keep at a distance from tall buildings. Stone walls and pillars can also fall down and are potentially dangerous.When driving a carFirmly hold the steering wheel, 2.reduce speed, park your car on the side of the road, and stop the engine. Listen
19、 to information on the radio and find out what 3. If you need to evacuate （撤出），leave your keys, keep the doors 4. ， and walk away with your car documents and valuables.When underground or in a subwayThe shaking you feel when you are underground is about half of what you would experience over ground.
20、 Additionally, underground areas have strong structures and are 5.than high-rise buildings.Calmly evacuate, 6.instructions from shop clerks and subway staff.When in a high-rise buildingElevators with earthquake sensors will stop at the nearest floor. Immediately leave the elevator. If you get 7.in t
21、he elevator, use the intercom 8.someone outside and wait for rescue. When you evacuate from buildings, never use elevators, listen to9. ， and use the stairs to leave the building.When near the oceanHead for higher ground and carefully listen to tsunami information. Do not go near the ocean until tsu
22、nami warnings 10. Dont even think about going to watch tsunamis!自然答案语境串记1. But 2. at 3. Millions 4. useless5. smelly 6. an 7. suffering (s) 8. sincerely9. frightened 10. was minimized写作词汇运用1. flood 2. mosquito (es)3. eco-friendly/environment-friendly 4. causing serious flooding 5. are endangered 6.
23、called on 7. never occurred 8. live in harmony with9. take action/steps/measures 10. cut down核心句型表达1. Natural disasters often come unexpectedly, killing millions of people and destroying countless homes./Natural disasters often come unexpectedly, which kill millions of people and destroy countless h
24、omes.2. Its every one of us who should make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life./lfs essential that every one of us should make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.3. It is in this way that we can conquer the natural disasters a
25、s soon as possible./Only in this way can we conquer the natural disasters as soon as possible.4. In order to make our world a better place, it is necessary for us to follow the environment-friendly rules and protect the environment./lt is necessary for us to follow the environment-friendly rules and
26、 protect the environment so that we can make our world a better place.知识维度诊断评价I.单句填空1. exactly 2. causing 3. to 4. destruction 5. worst 6. which 7. to reduce 8.what/whatever9. responsibility 10. an 11. has been damaged 12. protecting 13. ruins 14. blindly15. leads 16. expectation 17. fortunately18.
27、that 19. up 20. was foundedII.单句改错1. remainremains 2. thousandsthousand3. k川ed一killing 4. aware一awareness5. arousearoused/should arouse 6. should 后力口 be 7.去掉 nature 前的 the8. developdevelopment 9. themit10. damages一damage语篇填空1. broken 2. gradually 3. is happening4. unlocked 5. safer 6. following 7. s
28、tuck8. to contact 9. announcements 10. havebeen clearedThe next day, this event was the headline or main title of all newspapers. With the reporters giving 6.outline of the disaster, the whole nation was shocked by the damage and the victims extreme 7.(suffer) . People were moved when they read that
29、 the survivors comforted each other by saying Congratulations! You survived! ”. So they not only expressed their sympathy 8. (sincere) , but also organized together to help the victims right away. The injured were rescued and the dead were buried. The 9.(frighten) survivors were dug out from under t
30、he ruins and were offered shelter, fresh water and electricity. Thanks to peoples help, the loss 10. (minimize).可怕的地震地震前，水井和运河里的污水都涨涌起来。但是没人判断出地震即将来临。突然，一 切都在摇晃，似乎整个世界就要结束。数以百万的病房和许多水坝遭到破坏;铁路轨道都变 成无用的铁条;煤矿管道纷纷爆裂，发出有臭味的蒸汽;到处都有骑车的人陷在巨大的裂缝里。第二天，所有报纸都纷纷以大字标题或主要标题报道了这一事件。记者们描述了灾难 的大概情况，全国都被地震的破坏和灾民们极度的苦难
31、所震惊。当人们读到幸存者以“恭喜 啊，你还活着！ ”来互相安慰时，都被感动了。人们不仅衷心地表达了他们的同情，而且还 立刻组织起来帮助灾民。伤员被救助了，死者被埋葬了，吓坏的幸存者被从废墟中挖出来 了，栖身处、净水和电力也很快得到供应。多亏了人们的帮助，灾区的损失被减到了最小。素材积累(一)阅读词汇整合动物及其相关表达：1. horse 马2. bull公牛3. cow母牛;奶牛4. pig 猪5. sheep羊;绵羊6. goat山羊7. lamb羔羊;小羊8. zebra 斑马9. deer 鹿10. giraffe 长颈鹿11. camel 骆驼12. elephant 象13. cat
32、 猫14. lion 狮子15. tiger 虎16. dog 犬;狗17. fox 狐18. wolf 狼19. bear 熊20. rabbit 兔21. rat 鼠22. mouse老鼠;耗子23. monkey 猴子24. kangaroo 袋鼠25. whale 鲸26. dolphin 海豚27. eagle 雕28. hen母鸡29. chicken 鸡30. parrot 鹦鹉31. snake 蛇32. frog 蛙33. fish 鱼34. butterfly 蝴蝶35. mosquito 蚊子36. insect 昆虫37. tail 尾巴38. nest 巢;窝39.
33、claw 爪40. zoo动物园41. wing翼;翅膀42. beef 牛肉43. pork 猪肉44. feather 羽毛45. fur毛;毛皮46. wildlife野生动植物47. punish the hunters severely 严惩捕猎者48. live in harmony with animals 舆动物和谐相处49. devote oneself to protecting wildlife 致力于保护野生动植物50. become extinct/die out 灭绝51. protect the endangered animals from being kill
34、ed 保护濒临灭绝的动物不被杀害52. arouse peoples awareness of wildlife protection 唤醒人们保护野生动植物的意识53. take effective measures to protect rare animals 采取有效措施保护珍稀动物植物及其相关表达：1. rose蔷薇;玫瑰2. pea豌豆3. apple 苹果4. pear 梨5. orange橙子;柑橘6. pine松树7. bamboo 竹8. cabbage 卷心菜9. carrot胡萝卜10. onion 洋葱11. pumpkin 南瓜12. potato马铃薯;土豆13.
35、 tomato番茄;西红柿14. wheat 小麦15. watermelon 西瓜16. banana 香蕉17. cherry 樱桃18. coconut 椰子19. grape 葡萄20. mango 芒果21. nut坚果22. bean 豆23. root 根24. seed 种子25. leaf 叶26. fruit 果实27. flower 花;花朵28. trunk 树干29. branch 树枝30. wood 木材31. juice 果汁32. plant trees 植树33. cut down trees 砍伐树木动植物描述：1. gentle驯服的;温顺的2. fie
36、rce残忍的;凶猛的3. violent暴力的4. cute聪明的;伶俐的5. pretty漂亮的6. cold-blooded 冷血的7. aggressive侵略的;好斗的8. lazy懒惰的9. thin瘦的10. high 高的11. juicy多汁的12. gorgeous极好的;漂亮的13. fresh新鲜的14. reproductive 繁殖的地形、地貌：1. plain 平原2. plateau 高原3. hill小山4. mountain 山岳5. river 河;江6. lake 湖7. stream小河;小溪8. land陆地9. ocean/sea 洋/大海10. w
37、aterfall 瀑布11. gulf 海湾12. island 岛;岛屿自然资源：l.oil石油2. coal 煤3. water 水4. air空气;大气5. soil 土壤6. gas气体;煤气7. sunshine阳光;日光8. oxygen 氧9. metal 金属10. iron 铁11. keep ecological balance/keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡12. break ecological balance/damage the balance of nature 破坏生态平衡13. create a pleasant ecolo
38、gical environment 仓U造良好的生态环境天气：1. sunny阳光照耀的2. rainy下雨的;多雨的3. windy有风的;多风的4. cloudy阴天的;阴云密布的5. stormy有暴风雨的6. fine晴朗的7. snowy下雪的;多雪的8. warm暖和的;温暖的9. cold寒冷的10. cool凉的;凉爽的11. hot热的12. mild温和的;和煦的13. rain 下雨14. wind 风15. snow雪;下雪16. cloud 云17. storm暴风雨自然现象与灾害：1. disaster天灾;灾害2. flood 水灾3. drought 干旱4.
39、landslide 山崩5. tsunami 海啸6. typhoon 台风7. hurricane 飓风8. snowstorm 暴风雪9. lightning 闪电10. thunderstorm 雷雨;雷暴11. tornado 龙卷风12. wave海浪;波浪;波涛13. lava熔岩;火山岩14. volcano 火山15. earthquake 地震16. sandstorm 沙暴17. tide潮汐;潮水自然炎害发生：18. trike/hit （灾害）侵袭;发生2. erupt （火山）爆发;喷出3. ruin毁灭;破坏4. occur （事件等）发生自然灾害后果：1. mis
40、sing失踪的2. homeless无家可归的3. get injured 受伤4. the trapped people 被困人员5. collapse/fall down （房屋等）倒塌6. claim 100 lives 造成 100 人死亡7. be in ruins/fall into ruins 成为废墟8. go against nature违背自然规律9. be washed away 被冲走10. burn to the ground 全部焚毁11. be trapped in the ruins 困在废墟中12. be killed/lose ones life/cause
41、 ones death 死亡13. have the power cut/cut off the power/electricity 电力中断14. wash away buildings, roads and bridges 冲走房屋、道路和桥梁15. trigger landslides and other disasters 引发泥石流及其他灾害16. cause great damage/economic losses 造成巨大损失/经济损失救援与捐赠：1. victim受害人2. stricken district/area 受灾地区3. the earthquake victims 地震灾民4. rescue work救灾工作5. return to normal 恢复正常6. trapped persons 被困人员7. rescue. from 从拯救8. rescue victims/sufferers 拯救受害人9. flood control and drought relief 防:孔抗旱10. call on people to make donations 呼吁人们捐赠11. hold out/give a helping hand to sb 对伸出援助之手（二）写作词汇运用根据汉语提示或用所给单词的正确形式完成句子。