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1、绝密启用It2021年北京市英语高考真题试卷副标题考试宿呼-X:考试时叫:10Q分件:命电人:叱侬号I - I二I三I四I五I六I总分.得分注急事项:1 .假设礴他埴写好自己的姓名、班缎、考弓等僧.请将答案正确P;在谷当丘上第I卷(选择题)诉生极炉!曾文字说明评叁人 得分-、完形填空Recently. I took a Hip home b(rain. I a al uppcwile a miAlle-aed man with 31alpe)v*. wIkikepi 1* young woman in a uinduw ai with a lille bo)un her bp. The uvi
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7、I个怡巾的值同.在笈阳赛东司的空白处 用括号内所伶词俏正跑形W境空.There I7 Ihci a dnimatic riy in the number of extreme weather c、tn in USD 2.97(1billion in ccc hxt. Much域 thix increjc cm be due climate clungc. The findin即 ,haw a critical need2(1_ (invcsij in ddMcr prcxwiion.评才人福分三、阅试理解If yiMi mc pliinning itsmn a carocr in the Ge
8、ldofeclucaiion. science, orcuhurc. then an incemship (实JJ) aiUNESCO will be KkAl for you.15.考查宾语从句。句意:这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句, 根据句意,此处用where在哪里;的地方”符合句意,从句中作地点状语,故填where。 16.考查副词。句意:山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店,这样她就可以平安地等警察带她回家了。 修饰动词wait用副词作状语,故填safely。17. has beencaused18. resultinglo invest【解析】【分析】本文是
9、一篇新闻报道。文章指出过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在很大程 度上是由全球气温上升造成的,引发重大自然灾害,造成了极大的经济损失,因此人们急需 投资于灾害预防。17. 考查动词时态。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧 增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知, 此处使用现在完成时,a dramatic rise是单数感念,助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。18. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme
10、weather events 与 cause 是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,表被动。故填caused。19. 考查非谓语动词。句意:2000年至2019年,全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起,造成经济 损失 2.97 万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world 与 result 是逻辑主谓关系, 出表示一种自然的结果,应用现在分词,作结果状语。故填resulting。20. 考查非谓语动词。句意:研究结果说明,急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知,此处表示未 来的动作,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填I。invest。答案第4页,共13页21.
11、 CA22. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,主要讲的是联合国教科文组织的实习工程。21. 细节理解题。根据 What are the requirements?局部的 You should have a good command (掌 握)ofeiiher English or French (你应该精通英语或法语)可知,申请者必须精通英语或法 语,应选C。22. 细节理解题。根据 What do you need to prepare?局部的 UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the i
12、nternship period (联合国教科文组织将为实习期间 提供不超过3万美元的有限保险)可知,教科文组织为实习期间提供有限的医疗保险,应选 Ao23. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form (在填写申请表之前,你应该准备好你的动机信)可知,在填写申请表 之前,申请人应将动机信放在手边,应选C。24. DA25. BB【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动工程不会到达他的期望,但是最 后通过努力对自
13、己和他人带来影响,说明第一印象不总是可信的。24. 细节理解题。根据第一段“When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help, my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC). My firsl impression of the答案第5页,共13页organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference withtheplans 1 had in
14、 mind.”(当老师向我们介绍了需要我们帮助的不同组织时,我最后的选择是 伊拉克儿童行动(OIC)。我对这个组织的第一印象是,它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影 响。)可知,一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动工程不会到达他的期望。应选D。25. 细节理解题。根据第二段“When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures of the Iraqi children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair(绝望)and need that I joi
15、ned this project without hesitation.(当我上网访问OIC网站时,我看到了伊拉克儿童. 的照片。他们的脸上传递的信息是绝望和需要帮助,我亳不犹豫地加入了这个工程。)可知, 伊拉克儿童图片帮助作者改变了他对这个工程的态度。应选A。26. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now that our project is over, I realize that I have affected not only one life, but ten. With our efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be able to
16、further their education. (现在我们的工程结束了,我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活,而且影响了 十个人的生活。在我们的努力下,10名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。)可知,作者 的伊拉克儿童行动组织帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。应选Bo 27.推理判断题。根据第一段“My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.(我对这个组织的第一印象是,它 不会对我心中的计划产
17、生足够的影响。)和最后一段“In the beginning, I dared myself to makea difference in the lifeof another person. Now that our project is over, I realizethat I have affected not only one life, but ten. With our efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.(一开始,我鼓励自己去改变另一个人的生活。现在我们 的工
18、程结束了,我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活,而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的 努力下,十名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。)可知,一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿 童行动不会到达他的期望,但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响,说明第一印象不总是 可信的。应选B。【点睛】D答案第6页,共13页28. AB【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文,文章阐述了全球崩塌(global collapse)的概念。数百名科学家、作家和学 者在去年12月发表的一封公开信中向全人类发出了警告:政策制定者和我们每个人必须直 面“全球崩塌”的风险。文章具体阐释了学者们对这一概念的定义、理解和它的现实意义。 28.词义猜想题。根
19、据该词所在的具体语境,第三段第一句The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrollcd pandemic and economic crises in the worlds most technologically advanced nations.(呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注, 尤其与此时此刻的情况密切相关:此时此刻,在世界上技术最先进的国家,仍处于无法控制 流行病和经济危机的泥潭中),下文也提到,一场病毒肆虐,一个国家社会
20、停止了运转,大 流行无法控制,经济下行,这样的事情在不久之前都是无法想象,不可思议(unthinkable) 的,即世界充满了不确定性。而此时此刻呼吁人们对这种unthinkable加以关注,正是和此 时此刻的世界实况密切相关。A. Scientific科学的;B. Credible可信的,可靠的;C. Original 原来的,原创的;D. Relevant相关的,有重大关系的。根据上面的分析,仅有D符合语境, 应选D。29.推理判断题。此题要求判断作者的情感态度,根据原文第五段“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to b
21、e ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out 然而未来崩溃 的先行信号很可能被忽略,我们都希望事情在未来会变好)和倒数最后一段的呼吁,例如 “Lets look directly into the issue of collapse,M they say, “and deal with the ten ible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future?5 (他们说,“让我们直面全球崩塌的议 题,真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况,
22、以便使未来没那么糟。“)可知,作者认为公 众对“全球崩塌”的重视意识不够,比拟担忧,A. worried担忧的;B. puzzled困惑的,茫然的; C. surprised惊讶的;D. scared害怕的,综合以上的分析,可见作者对此是“担忧的“,应选A。 30.推理判断题。原文诗歌“欣? is a victim of dope; In the incurable form of hope (人类是麻醉品的受害者;沉迷于无可救药的幻想中)表达的是,人类无视未来全球崩塌的巨大危险,把头答案第7页,共13页埋进沙子里,假装不知道,充满不切实际的幻想和希望。而诗歌前面的段落就提到“yet mess
23、engers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.(然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略,我们都希望事情在未来会变好), 结合上下文,这里指的是人们都幻想着未来就会变好。诗歌之后的最后一段那么提到执着于 “quieting hope that ignores preparedness.”(掐灭不做准备的空有幻想),接着乂借学者之口, 提到“Lets look directly into the issue of collapse/ the
24、y say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what wc see there to make the best of a troubling future.(他们说,“让我们直面 全球崩塌的议题,真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况,以便使未来没那么糟。“)可见, 上下文一脉相承,表达相同的一方观点,未对另一方的观点有任何呈现,理解文章后可知, 作者有明显的态度倾向,作者对于这首诗表达的信息是赞同的,应选B。29. BD30. CC【解析】 【分析】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义,讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处,保护环境。 31
25、.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句Even advanced physics cant decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question youre asking.(即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性 地告诉我们时间是什么,因为答案取决于你要问的问题)以及上文列举的哲学家 St. Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断,第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的 话来定义时间。应选B项。32. 推理判断题。根据第二段的Were increasingly aware of the fact that
26、 we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate (调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance.(我们越来越意识到,我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统,意识 到,如果我们希望保持平衡,我们就需要调节我们的行动。户进而提出问题“What if our definition of time reflected that?(如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢)”,结合前两个问题 “What if, instead of
27、considering time in terms of astronomy, we related lime (o ecology? What if 答案第8页,共13页we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo (节奏)of human life?(如果我们不考虑 天文学方面的时间,而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢?如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生 活的节奏呢)“可推断,第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法。应选D项。33. 细节理解题。根据第三段的Weve programmed it to match an atomic clock
28、 if the watenvays continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, youll see the opposite effect.(如果水道继续以 目前的速度流动,我们对它进行了编程,匹配了一个原子时间。如果河流在未来的平均运行 速度更快,时间就会超过标准时间。如果它们的运行速度较慢,你就会看到相反的效果” 可知,如果河流运
29、行速度得较慢,原子时间将超过河流时间。应选C项。34. 推理判断题。根据第二段的Were increasingly aware of the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that wc need to moderate (调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance.(我们越来越意识到,我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统,意识 到,如果我们希望保持平衡,我们就需要调节我们的行动。户和倒数第二段的“Temporal conne
30、ction to (he environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems were developing may encourage environmental awareness(时间与环境的暂 时联系对它们的生存至关重要。同样,河流时间和我们正在开发的其他时间保护系统也可能 会鼓励人们提高环境意识)“可推断,从这篇文章中我们知道我们应该与自然和谐共处,保护 环境。应选C。35. FB36. DG37. E【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是音乐对
31、身体的好处。35. 空格后说“The menial health benefits from music cant be argued”(音乐对心理健康的益处是毋答案第9页,共13页庸置疑的),F 选项 It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety 中的stress and anxiety照应了 mental health benefits,因此F选项切合题意,应选F。36. 空格后说“However, for the same reason, music can be ver
32、y beneficial if one is in pain (然而, 出于同样的原因,当一个人处于痛苦中时,音乐是非常有益的),However表转折,因此空 格处为对音乐的负面评价,B 选项 Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud 中的harmful就是负面评价,因此B选项切合题意,应选B。37. 空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”(许多人喜欢 在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐),D选项They say
33、 it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼应,因此D选项切合题意,应选D。38. 空格前说“In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”(在欧洲的一项研究中,参与者听音乐,研究人员监测他们的 心率和血压),G 选项 Interestingly, the more cheerful
34、the music was, the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rales相照应,因此G选项切合题意,应选G。39. 空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for, which is what makes music so valuable (但是,开着收音机还可以对一系列其 他的健康问题有益,这就是音乐如此有价值的原因),因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处
35、, E 选项 The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive 讲的是音乐对整体 健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的,因此E选项切合题意,应选E。40. Arguing is discussing your worries, related feelings and problems with the other party.41. It is because more life experience may help people belter identify priorities in life.42.
36、 Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry. Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity.43. Resolving arguments can solve specific problems, complex situations at very low cost, improve peoples lo
37、gical thinking , resilience, is conducive to the formation of a good答案第10页,共13页 relationship so ihat you can make yourself more confident and develop better .【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究说明,如果争吵得到解决,与之相关的情绪反响会显著减少或 几乎完全消除。因此,向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的,而不是阻止他们。 40.考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that you and your opponen
38、t present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. (争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧, 并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。)可知,争论是提出你的担忧,并讨论与这些担忧相 关的感受和问题。故答案为 Arguing is discussing your worries, related feelings and problems with the other party.41. 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover, the older you are, the more
39、 likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorilies. You are more likely (o distinguish between what matters and what does not. ”(而且,年纪越大,越有可能在争吵后找到解决方法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会 导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的,什么是不重要的。)可知,更多的 生活
40、经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life.42. 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. ” (最近的研究 说明,如果一个争论得到解决,
41、与之相关的情绪反响就会显著减少或几乎完全消失。)可知, 解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康,因为它增加你的反响,减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助 于降低你的反响性,而不是增加你的反响力。故答案为Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health, because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry. Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity.43. 考杳开放思维。解决争吵也
42、可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力,使得相互之间的关系答案第11页,共13页得到升华。故可能答案版本一为 Resolving arguments can solve specific problems, complex situations at very low cost, improve peoples logical thinking , resilience, is conducive to the formation of a good relationship so (hat you can make yourself more confident and develop bet
43、ter.44. Dear Jim,Im sorry to inform you that I cant go out with you this weekend. Ive just been told that I have to go and visit my sick grandfather in (he countryside, who was suddenly admitted to the hospital. I hope the change wont cause you too much trouble.How about going out next Saturday momi
44、ng? If its convenient fbr you, lets meet at the school gate at 9: 00. Please let me know what time suits you best. I should be available anytime next weekend.In addition, next Saturday, there will be a flower show in Beihai Park. Then we can go to see the flowers together.I am looking forward to you
45、r early reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文,要求考生给英国好友Jim写一封电子邮件,就因故不能赴约而致 歉并建议再约。【详解】.词汇积累通知:tellinform麻烦:problemtrouble怎么样:what abouthow about适合:fit*suit1 .句式拓展简单句变复合句原句:I should be available anytime next weekend.答案第12页,共13页 拓展句:I should be available anytime next weekend so that i can go out with you and have a good time.【点睛】高分句型 1 Im sorry to infbmi you that I cant go out with you this weekend.(运用 that 引导 的宾语从句)高分句型 2 Tvejust been told that I have to go and visit my sick grandfather in the count