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1、句子成分主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 表语表语 宾补宾补 定语定语 状语状语 同位语同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语1.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake _shookTangshan.2.The army organized teams to dig out those_.which was almost as strong as the first onewho were trapped and to bury
2、the deadSome sentences with atrributive clause in the textBut the people in the city,_ _ went to sleep as usual that night.It was heard in Beijing,_ who thought little of these events,which is more than 200 kilometers away.A huge crack _ _ cut across houses,roads and canals.The number of people _ _
3、reached more than 400,000.that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide who were killed or injured什么是定语从句.修饰名词或代词的从句修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句定语从句.什么是先行词.被修饰的名词或代词被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词.什么是关系词,有哪些关系词,他们有什么作用.关系词:关系代词:关系副词:位置:作用:处于先行词和定语从句之间处于先行词和定语从句之间1)连接主句与从句连接主句与从句2)指代先行词指代先行词3)在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分 which that
4、 who whom whose when where why 注意注意:定语从句一般紧跟先行词定语从句一般紧跟先行词.有时为了平衡句子结构有时为了平衡句子结构的需要的需要,可能不紧跟先行词可能不紧跟先行词,而放在更后面的地方而放在更后面的地方.引导定语从句的关联词引导定语从句的关联词称为称为关系词关系词。The building which stands by the river is our school.主句:定语从句:先行词:关系词:关系词指代:关系词在定语从句中的成分The building is our school.which stands by the riverbuilding
5、whichbuilding主语关关系系代代词词指人指人指物指物who whom that whosethatwhichwhose(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，(宾语宾语)，(主语、宾语主语、宾语),(定语定语)(主语、宾语主语、宾语),(主语、宾语主语、宾语)(定语定语)关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：指人指人指物指物subject(主语主语)object(宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略He has a friend whose father
6、is a doctor.=the father of whom is a doctorI lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.=the roof of which has fallen inThose who want to go come here.Is there anyone who wants to go there?注意注意:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列在指人可以通用，但下列宜用宜用 who。1)先行词是先行词是anyone,someone,everyone,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,
7、those,one，ones 时。时。2)在在there be 句型中，句型中，先行词指人先行词指人,关系关系词用词用who。There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many men who are against him.限制性限制性定语从句定语从句只能用只能用that不用不用which的几种情况的几种情况 1.当当先行词先行词是是anything,everything,nothing,something,few,all,none,little,some 等不定代词时，等不定代词时，或者是或者是由由every,any,all,so
8、me,no,little,few,much等等修饰修饰时。时。Did you take down everything that Mr.Li said?There seems to be nothing that seems impossible All that can be done has been done.There is little that I can do for you.2.当先行词被当先行词被序数词序数词修饰。修饰。The first place that they visited was my home.3.当先行词被当先行词被形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。T
9、his is the best film that I have seen.4.当形容词被当形容词被the very,the only,the same,the last 修饰时。修饰时。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.The old car is the only thing that he owned.例例:Wang Hua is the only person in our school that/who will attend the meeting.当先行词指当先行词指人人时，时，偶尔偶尔也可以用也可以用who。例例:Wh
10、o is the man that is standing there?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?5.当先行词既有当先行词既有人人，也有，也有动物动物或者或者物体物体时。时。Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?6.当先行词前面有当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时等疑问代词时。1.在定语从句中加了多余的宾语或主语。Some of the boys I invited them didnt come.The book that you ne
11、ed it is in the library.This is the man that he was caught stealing yesterday.2.把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。Anyone who break the law will be punished.Those who has finished may go home.3.误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.4.在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。I still remember the day w
12、hen we spent together.定语从句常见错误归纳定语从句常见错误归纳 1 breakshavethat/which关系代词关系代词限制性限制性定语从句定语从句只能用只能用that不用不用which的几的几种情况种情况限制性定语从句中只能用限制性定语从句中只能用who不用不用that的几的几种情况种情况.revision The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy who/that is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The boy who/that s
13、its in front of me is Tom.The man is Jims father.Everyone likes him.The man(whom/who/that)everyone likes is Jims father.(宾语宾语)The silk sells well.The silk is produced in Suzhou.The silk which/that is produced in Suzhou sells well.(主语主语)The songs are very popular.The singer sang the songs last night.
14、The songs(which/that)the singer sang last night are very popular.1.The teacher lives in the house.Its front door is red.The teacher lives in the house whose front door is red.2.The boy is studying in Beijing University.His parents died in the Tangshan earthquake.The boy whose parents died in the Tan
15、gshan earthquake is studying in Beijing University.基础练习基础练习1.Is that the house _ you bought last year?A.where B.which2.Is that the picture at _ you are laughing?A.which B.that3.It is the most interesting book _Ill ever read.A.which B.thatBBA4.The street _is to the park is very narrow.A.where B.which
16、5.The person _finds my watch will get a reward.A.who B.whom6.This is the room _ we listened to the lecture in.A.which B.whereBAA7.The boy _mother is ill can not come to the party.A.whos B.whose8.Tell me the reason _ he explained to you.A.which B.whyBA填空：填空：1.Look at that lady _ name is Pochi.2.He is
17、 a teacher _ I like very much.3.Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.4.Those _will go to the park stay here.5.That was all the money _I had.whose(whom/that)which/that who(that)6.Tom is the first boy _left the room.7.Look at the boy and his dog _are coming this way.8.You can read any book _I h
18、ave.9.The man to _ I spoke was a foreigner.thatthat(that)whomEarthquake is a disaster 翻译翻译1.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。Those boys who are playing tennis are my friends.2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。I dont know the girl whom/that you speak to.3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。She is a girl who is called M
19、ary.1.The boys who are playing football are my friends.2.He is the person(whom)you talked about.3.He is the person about whom you talked.4.This is a book which is liked by most boys.5.This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.6.Is this the library from which you borrow books?7.He has a friend whose
20、father is a doctor.=the father of whom is a doctor8.I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.=the roof of which has fallen inthatwhowhom关系代词关系代词引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1.1.whowho指指人人，在定语从句中做，在定语从句中做主语主语。例例:1)The boys who are playing football are my friends.2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his
21、 way.关系代词关系代词引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 2.2.whomwhom指指人人，在定语从句中充当，在定语从句中充当宾语宾语，常，常可省可省略略 如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省。例例:1)He is the person(whom)you talked about.2)He is the person about whom you talked.(注意：关系代词注意：关系代词whomwhom在口语中在口语中常用常用whowho代替代替，可省可省略略。)但在介词后面只能用但在介词后面只能用whomwhom不可用不可用whowho例:The man(who/whom)you spok
22、e to is my friend.The man to whom you spoke is my friend.3.3.whichwhich指指物物，在定语从句中做，在定语从句中做主语主语或者或者宾语宾语，做宾语时可省略做宾语时可省略。如介词提前则不能省略如介词提前则不能省略。例:1.This is a book.This is a book whichwhich is liked by most boys is liked by most boys.2.This is the pen 2.This is the pen(whichwhich)he bought yesterday)he b
23、ought yesterday.3.Is this the library 3.Is this the library from whichfrom which you borrow you borrow booksbooks?4.4.thatthat指指人人时，相当于时，相当于whowho或者或者whomwhom；指指物物时，相当于时，相当于whichwhich。在宾语从句中做在宾语从句中做主语主语或者或者宾语宾语，做宾语时可省略做宾语时可省略。例例:1.The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year ri
24、ses one million.2.Where is the man(that/whom)I saw yesterday?3.I lost the book(that/which)I bought yesterday.4.Do you know the name of the book that/which is popular with student now.5.5.whose whose通常指通常指人人，也可指，也可指物物，在定语从句中做，在定语从句中做定语定语。例例:He has a friend whose father is a doctor.I once lived in a h
25、ouse whose roof has fallen in.例例:The classroom whose door is broken is there.=The classroom the door of which is broken is there Do you know the boy whose name is Tom?=Do you know the boy the name of whom is Tom?(注意：注意：whose指指物物时，常用时，常用the+名词名词+of whom/which 来代替。来代替。)1.But one million people of the
26、city,who thought little of these events,went to bed as usual that night.2.It was heard in Beijing,which is one hundred kilometers away.3.A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses,roads and canals.4.The number of people who were killed or injured reached mor
27、e than 400,000.5.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.6.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.This is the man who helped me yesterday.This is the man whom I helped yesterday.The building is our school.The building stands by the
28、 river.The building which/that stands by the river is our school.先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句 The woman is my mother.The woman is speaking at the meeting.The woman who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who/that
29、 is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who/that has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The boy who/that sits in front of me is Tom.The man is Jims father.Everyone likes him.The man(whom/who/that)everyone likes is Jims father.(宾语宾语)The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.The w
30、oman(whom/who/that)we saw on the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk.We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher(whom/who/that)we met yesterday will give us a talk.The silk sells well.The silk is produced in Suzhou.The silk which/that is produced in Suzhou sells well.(主语主语)The songs are
31、very popular.The singer sang the songs last night.The songs(which/that)the singer sang last night are very popular.Can you find the pen?I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Can you find the pen(which)I wrote with just now?The room _ Jim lives in looks very nice.T
32、he room in _ Jim lives looks very nice.The room _ Jim lives looks very nice.The person _ you just talked to is Mr.Li.The person to _ you just talked is Mr.Li.(which/that)whom(who/whom/that)whichwhereThe building which/that stands by the river is our school.先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句2.关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的关联词引
33、导定语从句的关联词称为称为关系词关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose；关系副词关系副词:where,when,why。关系词常有关系词常有3个作用：个作用：a.代替代替先行词。先行词。b.引导定语从句引导定语从句 连接连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）（把主句和从句连起来）c.在定语从句中担当一个在定语从句中担当一个成分成分。关系代词关系代词的使用的使用取决于先行词取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主
34、句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都下都跟在先行词之后跟在先行词之后，而且它的，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致人称、数必须和先行词一致。which/that 是是关系代词关系代词，它在从句中，它在从句中代替代替先行词先行词the building,同时担任从句中的同时担任从句中的主语主语，也起，也起连词连词的作用，把两个简单句连接的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。起来。The building which/that stands by the river is our school.先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句The woma
35、n who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.(主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时叙述客观事实用一般现在时)(从句从句)who/that(the woman)spoke at the meeting yesterday.(句中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间)注意注意:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。2.若若介词介词放在关系代词放在关系代词前前，关系代词指人时只用关系代词指人时只用whom，不可用不可用who或者或者that；指物时只能用指物时
36、只能用which，不能用，不能用 that；关系代词是；关系代词是所有格时用所有格时用whose。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)The man with who/that you talked is my friend.(F)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)有些固定动介
37、短语一般不拆开使用有些固定动介短语一般不拆开使用:look for/at/after/for,take care of,.This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)介词介词+关系代词关系代词引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1.关系代词关系代词在定语从句中做在定语从句中做介词宾语介词宾语时，时，从句常由从句常由介词介词+关系代词关系代词引导。引导。The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous
38、.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which)you asked for.=Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.Well go to meet the famous singer (whom/that/who)we have often talked about.=Well go to meet the famous singer about whom we
39、 have often talked.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.Is there anyone who wants to go there?注意注意:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列在指人可以通用，但下列宜用宜用 who。1)先行词是先行词是anyone,someone,everyone,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,those,one 时。时。2)在在there be 句型中，句型中，先行词指人先行词指人,关系词用关系词用who。There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.