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1、English for Environmental Engineering v I Description of Course:credit:1.8 duration of course:8 weeks test mode:exam(20%+80%)(20%=translation excises+mini-project+attendance)II Description of Lecturer quality-20 working years experience in environmental science and master degree in environmental man
2、agement as well as top 1 translator for environmental science in Chongqing.vPersonality-friendly,simple,hardworking,hate any forms of cheating,I prefer being your friend rather than your teacher.vExpectation for studentsyou can change your attitude on studying English,from disliking English to enjoy
3、ing English.vIII How to make use of this course?vFocus:reading,translation,writing and presentation skill in English for environmental science vTypes of activities:learning-based classes,case study,workshop,translation exercise,watching video related to environmental issue.vBriefing final examinatio
4、n v1)everyone can pass if you keep notes in the classes no matter whether you are good or poor in English;v2)for several students who often are in the absence of classes,I will intend to make them fail exam unless you can do very well in the exam.vIV Recommendations on how to improve your English ab
5、ility for environmental science-Transfer from grammar-oriented reading to applied English-preparation of an English dictionary for environmental science-regularly visit environmental website and access to environmental informationhttp:/www.ends.co.uk http:/www.epa.gov -Learning new words in the read
6、ings rather than remembering new words individually-practice your presentation skill through workshop V Testing your existing English ability for helping my understanding your English levelTranslations:1 Evidence shows that poverty-related urban environmental issues tend to improve as the economy de
7、velops and income grows v2 These impacts include overconsumption of resources,loss of biodiversity,increased amounts and treatment of municipal wastes and increased CO2 emissions.v3 Professor G.Solt has underestimated the effects on the environment and public health of tons of carbon dioxide pouring
8、 into the atmosphere v4 Some measures are required to be taken in the future to reduce the anticipated environmental degradation v5 环境影响评价可以定义为一种用来预测开发项目的环境后果的方法v6 移动污染源对空气污染的贡献是30%v7 当污水排入河流，河流就被污染了v8 一个生态系统包含了生活在一个地区的不同生物，以及他们的自然环境。Part I Introduction to Environmental Engineering vUnit 1 Backgroun
9、d to Environment vAcademic objectives:vAfter the completion of Unit I,the students should be able to:-understand some basic concepts related to environment -understand how systems interacts -classify environmental problemsI Definitions 1 Environment:v1)the circumstance or conditions that surround on
10、e;v2)the totality of circumstances surrounding an organism or group of organisms v2 System a set or arrangement of things so related or connected as to form a unit or organic wholevPlease give some examples of a system v3 Pollution:-is a reduction in the quality of the environment by the introductio
11、n of impurities.-it can be defined as undesirable change v in the physical,chemical or biological characteristics of the air,water or land that can harmfully affect the health,survival or activities of humans or other living organism.II Interaction of systems v1 Individual system problem-air,water,l
12、and,easily managedv 2 Interaction of systems:v for example:acid rainv vpower station,smelters,automobile exhaust-SO2,NOx emissions-transport-washing-acid rain-harmful to aquatic life,forest,public health.v(more examples are given by students)vIII Environmental Disturbance v1 Discussion:make a list o
13、f living standard improvement which disturbs environment(side effects)v2 the relationship between human activities and environment.Conclusion:industrialization and urbanization are fundamental causes of water and air pollution vIV Types of Global Environmental Problemsv1 deforestation v2 loss of bio
14、diversity v3 pollution(air,water and land)v4 diminish of fossil fuels v5 depletion of ozone layer and global warming vV Useful expression and new worsds:v1 how to define a termv-to be defined as.v-xxx means.vThe definition of xxx is vXxx refers to v2 in(out of)harmony with 与.协调（一致）v3 waterborne dise
15、ases（水传播疾病）,airborne disease（空气污染传播疾病）v4 stem from.起源于.New words:农药pesticide,化肥chemical fertilizer,有机废物 organic wastes,微生物microorganism,衰减decay,稀释dilution,添加剂 additives,合成塑料synthetic plastic,再生 recycle，死亡率mortality，发病率incidence vExercises based on information from Unit Iv1Which of the followings are
16、 Not regarded as waterborne disease?va)dysentery b)cholera c)typhoid d)asthma v2 Which of the followings are Not regarded as global environmental problems?va)loss of biodiversity b)depletion of ozonevc)diminish of fossil fuels d)photochemical smog v3 Which of the followings may lead to acid rain pro
17、blemva)lead particles b)carbon dioxide c)sulfur dioxide vd)cooking oil v4 which of the following chemicals lead to the depletion of ozone layer?va)carbon dioxide b)chloro-fluoro carbons vc)nitrogen d)water vapor v4 which of the followings are Not regarded as synthetic chemicals?va)food additives,b)p
18、esticides c)phosphorus d)paints Unit II Historical Review of Hazardous Substance Disposal in the USA vAfter the completion of UnitII,the students should be able to understand:-concept and classification of hazardous wastes;-hazardous wastes management practice in the USA-health effects of hazardous
19、wastes v1 Background information v-1.1definition:hazardous wastes v1)is a waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environmentv2)In regulatory,a RCRA hazardous wastes is a waste that appears on one of the four hazardous wastes lists(F-list,K-list,P-l
20、ist or U-list)or exhibits at least one of four characteristics ignitability,corrosivity,reactivity,or toxicityv1.2hazardous wastes producervbig industries:automobiles,computer manufacturersvsmall business:cleaners,photo labsv1.3 driver for the increased production of organic chemicals and metals vde
21、mand for consumer goods and valuable heavy metals vfor example:the use of pesticides,herbicides and insecticides as well as a broad range of fertilizer help US farm productivityv1.3 production quantity of hazardous wastes:v-2400 pounds produced by average American v-50,000 land sites v1.4 hazardous
22、wastes disposal practice before and after 1966(creation of EPA)v-before 1966:dumpling hazardous wastes into rivers and streams vafter 1966:disposal sites,unregulated dumps v v1.5 Enactment of the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act in 1978(RCRA)vIt forces American industry to be responsible for
23、hazardous waste disposal v2 New Words and Expressions vHeavy metal重金属,growth rates增长率,suspended particulates悬浮颗粒物,organic solvents有机溶剂,thermal inversion逆温,photochemical smog光化学烟雾,soil erosion土地流失,v-prior to.在.之前v-result in.发生，产生.vsimilar expression:lead to,bring about -have an obligation to do sth.v
24、similar expression:to be responsible for v-a lack of -have insight intov许多化学品的不适当处置给许多市民带来了健康问题v美国的企业有责任处理其内部产生的有害废物v由于缺乏有效的经济激励,空气污染法得不到有效执行v当时政府里没有一个党政的人洞察到新机构成立所带来的问题v3 Case study on Health effects of hazardous wastesv3.1 Case 1 Minamata Disaster,induced by mercury pollution v3.2 Case 2 Ita Ita d
25、isease,induced by chromium pollution v4 Exercise based on information from Unit II v1)which of the following characteristics is not related to hazardous wastes va)inflammable b)reactive c)biodegradable d)toxic v2)which of the following led to the enactment of American RCRA?va)photochemical smog acci
26、dent vb)unregulated dumping of hazardous wastesvc)mercury pollution d)increased mortalityv3)The adverse health problems from hazardous wastes can be va)birth defects b)cancer c)skin rashes d)heart disease v4)which of the following countries should not be included in hazardous recipients v a)South Ko
27、rea b)England c)the Philippines d)Thailandv5)Ita-Ita disease in Minamata,Japan was caused by v a)mercury pollution b)arsenic pollution c)cyanide pollution d)PCB pollution v 5)Minamata Disaster was caused by v a)mercury pollution b)arsenic pollution v c)cyanide pollution d)PCB pollution vHomework v1
28、排入环境中的汞超标了好几倍(exceed)v2 在没有有效规划及法规体系时,环境问题就会变得越来越严重(in the absence of)v3 工业和人口高度集中的城市都面临汽车尾气污染(face)v4 据记载有35个国家的工业生产平均增长率达到5%(record)v5 第三世界是指工业欠发达的国家(less industrialized)Unit 3Energy Exploration and Environment vAfter the completion of Unit 3,the students should be able to understand:v-types of en
29、ergy v-the impact of energy exploration on environmentv-adverse and beneficial effects of hydropowerv I Background information v1 Classification of Energy vNon-renewable energy resources:vDefinition:It refers to an energy resource that is not replaced or is replaced only very slowly by natural proce
30、ssvRenewable energy resource:vDefinition:It refers to an energy that is replaced rapidly by natural process.vExamples:solar,hydropower,wind,tidal,biomass,geothermal,nuclear,wave vII Environmental Impact of Oil v1 during oil exploration,either on shore or offshore,there is a risk of blowout,resulting
31、 in a severe and prolonged oil spills which are harmful to environmentv2 oil spills may result in mortality to birds and contamination of shoreline,resulting in severe biological effects on near-shore organismv3 in the production and transmission activities-a profound effect on life style v4 potenti
32、al for emissions of hydrocarbons,sulfur oxides hydrogen sulfide,carbon dioxide,at the refineries-lake acidification,human respiratory,green house effects,photochemical smog vIII Environmental Impact of Natural Gasv1 methane gas green house effectv2 risk of hydrogen sulfide emissions during explorati
33、on and production v3 severe accidents as a result of transportation of liquefied natural gas vIV Environmental Impacts of Coal v1 in the mining process,mined minerals to oxygen and water initiates a series of reaction,particularly oxidation and dissolution,leading to the formation of oxides ofvsulfu
34、r,metal solutions,phenols,many of which are environmentally harmful.v2 coal piles and slag-leachate to surface waters and groundwaters v3 waste heat from generation of electricity-dissipated through flue gases and cooling water-thermal pollution temperature rise beyond limits tolerable-fish mortalit
35、y vIV Environmental Impacts of hydropower Development vAdvantages:least environmentally disruptive and rare chemical effectsvDisadvantages:resettlement caused by submergence of land;loss of animal habitat,changes in local hydrology,siltation,social problem vV Environmental Impacts of Nuclear Power v
36、 Discharge of fuels,failure of the nuclear reactor system,contamination of spent fuels vIV New Words and Expression v1 new words:radioactive放射性,zero discharge零排放,crude oil原油,oxidation氧化,malfunction故障,oxides of sulfur硫氧化物,hydropower水力发电,environmental degradation环境退化,assimilative capacity吸收,pathogenic
37、,病原的,epidemic 流行的,v2 Useful Expressions:v-to be well equipped with(to)装备很好(准备好)v-to be subjected to 使受到,使遭遇 -to be based on把.基于.v-to be immune from 免除v-to be in operation 在运行中 V In-class translation1 目前三峡库区有25座污水处理厂,但仅有10座在运行.2完成了环境审计的企业要免除3%的排污费.3 环境目标的设计主要是基于对当时经济状况的考虑.4 长江常发生土地流失.5 这个企业完全是由现代化设施装
38、备起来.1There are 25 sewage treatment plants in Three Gorges reservoir area,but only 10 of them is in operation.2With the completion of environmental audit,the companies is going to be immune from 3%of pollution charge.3 The designed environmental objectives were based on economic concern at that time.
39、4 The Yangtze river is subjected to soil erosion.5 This enterprise is well equipped with modern facilities.VI Exercises based on information from Unit 31 Which of the following energy may be the least environmentally disruptive?va)oil b)hydropower c)nuclear d)natural gas v2 Which of the following en
40、vironmental impacts should be included in oil explorationva)mortality to bird b)soil erosion vc)shell fisheries d)deforestation v3 Which of the following chemicals are the the severest risk during exploration and production of natural gas vA)hydrocarbon b)hydrogen sulfide vc)oxides of nitrogen d)car
41、bon dioxide v4 Which of the following chemical processes lead to the formation of oxides of sulfur?va)reduction b)oxidation c)dilution d)absorptionv5 Discharge of the cooling water from power plant can result in va)high mortality b)epidemic disease vc)thermal pollution in local environmentvd)global warming vUseful website :http:/www.cleanenergy.gc.ca