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1、环境工程专业英语陈维芳Autumn semester, 2012 有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。推荐教材 环境工程专业英语 第二版，华南理工大学，钟理主编 Principles of Environmental Engineering and Science, 清华大学出版社英文影印版有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Part 1 Introduction to Environ
2、mental Engineering Environmental EngineeringUsing the principles of biology and chemistry, environmental engineers develop solutions to environmental problems有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 Environmental EngineersInvolved in water and air pollution control, re
3、cycling, waste disposal, and public health issues with a knowledge of environmental engineering laws. They also study the environmental impact of proposed construction projects. Must have a strong grasp of mathematics, including algebra, geometry and calculus; sciences, such as biology, chemistry, p
4、hysics and computer systems etc. Environmental Scientistso Environmental Scientists provide the fundamental theories used by environmental engineers to design solutions for environmental problemso “Scientists discover things and engineers make them work”有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中
5、心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Historical perspective The Romans constructed aqueducts to prevent drought and to create a clean, healthful water supply for the metropolis of Rome Mid-1800-mid-1900: sanitary engineering (water purification) After late 1960s, modern environmental engineering有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，
6、创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Environmental systems Ecosystem有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。A freshwater ecosystem in Gran Canaria, an island of the Canary Islands 有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。
7、 Water resources management systemoWater supply subsystem有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。o Wastewater disposal subsystem有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 Air resource management有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中
8、心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 Solid waste management有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 Multimedia systems: environmental problems cross the air-water-soil boundary有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Environmental problems Overpopula
9、tion: the presence in a given area of more people than can be supported adequately by the resources available in that area Pollution: a reduction in the quality of the environment by the introduction of impuritieso concentration of organic wasteso introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environ
10、ment Depletion of resources Changes in the global condition: ozone layer, global warming War有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 Sustainability: How do we maintain our ecosystem in the light of major depletion of our natural resources. Examples:o Pollution preventi
11、on by the minimization of waste productiono Life cycle analysis of our production technique to include built-in features for extraction and reuse of materialo Selection of materials and methods that have a long lifeo Selection of manufacturing methods and equipment that minimize energy and water con
12、sumption有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Environmental legislation and regulation Wildlife and habitat protection (Endangered Species Act 1966) Water quality management (Clean Water Act 1977)o Drinking watero Water pollution control Air quality management (Clean
13、 Air Act, 1963) Noise pollution control (Noise Pollution and Abatement Act, 1970) Solid waste management (Solid Waste Disposal Act, 1965) Hazardous waste management (Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendment 1984) Atomic energy and radiation management (Atomic energy 1946)有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场
14、为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Environmental ethics Ethics: the character of a person as described by his or her actions有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 Environmental science is fundamentally a study of physics, chemistry and biology of natural systems o
15、r the environment Chemistry is a study of matter Matter is any substance that has mass and occupies space Element: cannot be broken down to simpler substance by any chemical reaction Compounds: substances contain two or more elements; organic, inorganic Mixture: a material with variable compositions
16、, which can be separated by physical means Component: A part of a mixture or solution Part 2 Basic chemical concepts有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Basic chemical concepts Atoms, elements and the periodic table atomic number （原子数）：number of protons mass number
17、（质量数）: total number of proton and neutron isotope （同位素）：atomic number the same, different number of neutron atomic weight （原子量）：average atomic massnucleuselectronatomprotonneutron有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Periodic table C: carbon H: hydrogen O: oxygen P:
18、phosphorus Pb: lead Ca: Calcium Zn: Zinc Hg: mercury Mg: magnesium Mn: manganese有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces Bondingo Ionic bond: electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions (cation and anion)o coval
19、ent bond: sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms Intermolecular forceso Van der Waals forces (dipole-dipole interaction, dispersion forces)o Hydrogen bonding有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Relative strength of forces有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾
20、客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。The mole, molar units and activity unit 6.02x1023 molecules (Avogadros number) of a substance is one mole Molecular weight (分子量）：the weight of a mole of substance Molarity: the number of mole per liter of solution Activity: a measure of the “effective concentration” o
21、f a species in a mixture ii有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Chemical reactions and stoichiometry Chemical reactions: reactants productso Precipitation-dissolution reaction 2CaCl2 + Na2CO3 - CaCO3(s) +2Na+ 2Clo Acid-base reactions HA + BOH - H2O + BAo Complexatio
22、n reactions Transition metal, such as Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Pt2+ etc. + ligands, such as NH3、H2O, CN-, SCN-, F-, Cl- o Oxidation-reduction (Redox) reaction 2S2O32(aq) + I2(aq) - S4O62(aq) + 2 I(aq) 有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Chemical equilibrium badcBADCk
23、dDcCbBaAk: equilibrium constant有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Chemical kinetics The rate of reaction r)(unit time me)(unit voluspecies chemical massrbaBAkdtCdcdtBdbdtAdar111有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Organic chemistr
24、y有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Water Chemistry有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Concentration units in aqueous solutions Morality (mol/L) Milligrams pe
25、r liter (mg/L) Parts per million (ppm), ppb, ppt Percent by weight有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。Atmospheric chemistry Ideal gas law PV=nRT Concentration of pollutants in air: usually in volume-volume basis Particulate matter: PM2.5 (tiny particles or droplets
26、 in the air that are two and half microns or less in width, g/m3 ), PM10 PM2.5 standard: long-term: 15 short-term: 35有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。VocabularyAnthropogenic: made, or caused by human activity or actions UrbanizationHazardous, deleteriousContamin
27、ant, pollutantSynthetic chemicalsLegislationSource reduction: activities designed to reduce the volume or toxicity of waste generated, including the design and manufacture of products with minimum toxic content, minimum volume of material, and/or a longer useful life. An example of source reduction
28、is bringing a reusable bag to the grocery store.Waste minimizationRecycling, reclamationPollution preventionFrom cradle to tomb有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 Qualitative Quantitative Speciation Toxicology Impact analysis Trace level, micropollution Airborne E
29、pidemic 有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): The amount of oxygen required to oxidize any organic matter present in a water during a specified period of time, usually 5 days. It is an indirect measure of the amount of organic matter
30、 present in a water. Mass density: mass per unit volume Specific weight: weight per unit volume Viscosity Buffer: a solution that resists changes in pH; buffering capacity alkalinity有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。First Writing Assignment “Why Environmental Engineering?” 150-250 words 12 point font, Times New Roman any aspect of this topicchoice as a majorchoice as a classpossible interest