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1、v1.0 可编辑可修改 Shanghai Oriental Pearl Tower Shanghai Oriental Pearl TowerThe Oriental Pearl Tower is a TV tower in Shanghai,China.The OrientalPearl Tower is located at the tip of Lujiazui in the Pudong district,bythe side of Huangpu River,opposite of The Bund.It was designed by the Shanghai Modern Arc
2、hitectural Design Co.Ltd.Principal designers are Jiang Huan Chen,Lin Benlin and Zhang Xiulin.Construction began in 1990 and the tower was completed in 1994.At 468m(1,535 feet)high,it was the tallest structure in China(excludingTaiwan;see Taipei 101)from 19942007,when it was surpassed by theShanghai
3、World Financial Center.The spheres in the towerThe spheres in the towerThe tower features 11 spheres,big and small.The two largest spheres,along the length of the tower,have diameters of 50 m(164 ft)for thelower and 45 m(148 ft)for the upper.They are linked by three columns,each 9 m(30 ft)in diamete
4、r.The highest sphere is 14 m(46 ft)in diameter.The entire building is supported by three enormous columns that startunderground.11Observation levelsObservation levelsThe tower has fifteen observatory levels.The highest(known as the SpaceModule)is at 350 m(1148 ft).The lower levels are at 263 m(863 f
5、t)(Sightseeing Floor)and at 90 m(295 ft)(Space City).There is a revolvingrestaurant at the 267 m(876 ft)level.The project also containsexhibition facilities,restaurants and a shopping mall.There is also a20-room hotel called the Space Hotel between the two large spheres.Antenna spireAntenna spireAn
6、antenna,broadcasting TV and radio programs,extends the constructionby another 118 m(387 ft)to a total height of 468 m(1,535 ft).Chinese symbolism in the designChinese symbolism in the designThe design of the building is said to be based on a verse of the Tang Dynastypoem Pipa Song by Bai Juyi about
7、the wonderful sprinkling sound of a pipainstrument,like pearls,big and small falling on a jade plate.However,the designer Jiang Huancheng says that he did not have the poem in mindwhen designing the tower.It was the chief of the jury board who said itreminded him of that poem.Shanghai World Financia
8、l CenterShanghai World Financial CenterThe Shanghai World Financial Center is a supertall skyscraper located inthe Pudong district of Shanghai,China.It was designed by Kohn PedersenFox and developed by Mori Building.It is a mixed-use skyscraper,22consisting of offices,hotels,conference rooms,observa
9、tion decks,andground-floor shopping malls.Park Hyatt Shanghai is the hotel component,containing 174 rooms and suites.Occupying the 79th to the 93rd floors,it is the second-highest hotel in the world,surpassing the Grand HyattShanghai on the 53rd to 87th floors of the neighboring Jin Mao Tower.On 14
10、September 2007,the skyscraper was topped out,at meters(1,ft)making it the second-tallest building in the world at the time,and thetallest structure in the Peoples Republic of China prior to theconstruction of the nearby Shanghai Tower.It also had the highestoccupied floor and the highest height to r
11、oof,two categories used todetermine the title of The Worlds Tallest Building.On 28 August 2008,the SWFC officially opened for business.Two days later,the worlds tallest observation deck opened,offering views from 474m(1,555ft)above ground level.The SWFC continues to have the tallestobservation deck
12、in the world.The SWFC has been lauded for its design,and in 2008 it was named byarchitects as the years best completed skyscraper.HistoryHistoryDesigned by Kohn Pedersen Fox,the 101-story tower was originally plannedfor construction in 1997,but work was temporarily interrupted by theAsian Financial
13、Crisis in the late 1990s and later to accommodate designchanges by Mori Building Co.The building of the tower is financed byseveral multinational firms,including Chinese,Japanese,and Hong Kongbanks,as well as by the Japanese developer and as-yet unnamed American33and European investors.American inve
14、stment bank Morgan Stanley iscoordinating the financing for Mori Building.ConstructionConstructionThe foundation stone was laid on 27 August 1997.In the late 1990s thePierre de Smet Building Corporation had a fund shortage caused by the Asianfinancial crisis in 1997 to 1998,which halted the project
15、after thefoundations were completed.On 13 February 2003,the Mori Group increasedthe buildings height to 492 m and 101 stories from the initial plans fora 460m(1,509ft),94-story building.The new building would use thefoundation of the original design.The building construction resumed on16 November 20
16、03.The building reached its total height of 492 m on 14 September 2007 afterinstallation of the final steel girder.The final cladding panels wereinstalled in mid June 2008,and elevator installation was finished in midJuly 2008.On 17 July 2008 The Shanghai World Financial Center wascompleted and on 2
17、8 August 2008,the SWFC officially opened for business.On 30 August 2008,the observation floors were opened to the public.ArchitectureArchitectureThe most distinctive feature in the design of the building is an apertureat the peak.The original design specified a circular aperture,46m(151ft)in diamete
18、r,to reduce the stresses of wind pressure,as wellas serve as a subtext for the design,since Chinese mythology representsthe earth with a square and the sky with a circle.It also resembled a44Chinese moon gate due to its circular form in Chinese architecture.However,this initial design began facing p
19、rotests from some Chinese,including the mayor of Shanghai,who considered it too similar to therising sun design of the Japanese flag.Pedersen then suggested that abridge be placed at the bottom of the aperture to make it less circular.On 18 October 2005,KPF submitted an alternative design to Mori Bu
20、ildingand a trapezoidal hole replaced the circle at the top of the tower,whichin addition to changing the controversial design,would also be cheaperand easier to implement according to the architects.In the eyes of some,the building resembles a giant bottle opener.In fact,metal replicas ofthe buildi
21、ng that function as actual bottle openers are sold in theobservation deck gift shop.There are 3 observation decks in Shanghai World Financial Center.Theheight of its lowest observation deck(观光大厅)is 423m(1,388ft),on the 94th floor,the second is 439m(1,440ft)high,on the 97th floor,named Observatory Br
22、idge(观光天桥),and the highest(观光天阁)is474m(1,555ft)high,on the 100th floor.Admission ranges from 100RMB USD)for the 94th floor only to 150 RMB(about USD)for all threeobservation decks.The skyscrapers roof height is set at 492 m,and has temporarily claimedthe highest roof in the world.Before construction
23、 resumed on the roof,tower height was scheduled to bem(1,671ft)so the building wouldhold the title of the worlds tallest building(structural top)over theTaipei 101,but a height limit was imposed,allowing the roof to reacha maximum height of 492 m.Architect William Pedersen and developer Minoru55Mori
24、 have resisted suggestionsto add aspire that wouldsurpass that ofTaipei 101 and perhaps One World Trade Center,calling the Shanghai WFCa broad-shouldered building.The SWFC boasts a gross floor area of morethan 377,300 m2(4,061,200 sqft)and 31 elevators and 33 escalators.AwardsAwardsShanghai World Fi
25、nancial Center was named by architects as the bestskyscraper completed in 2008 receiving both the Best Tall Building Overalland Asia&Australasia awards from the Council on Tall Buildings and UrbanHabitat(CTBUH).CTBUHs Carol Willis,head of New Yorks SkyscraperMuseum,states:The simplicity of its form
26、as well as its size dramatizesthe idea of the skyscraper.Architect Tim Johnson noted its innovativestructural design:Steel trusses gird against the forces of wind andearthquake and made the building lighter,made it use less steel,andcontributedtoitssustainability.JohnsondescribedtheSWFCsstructure as
27、 nothing short of genius.Huangpu River cruise Huangpu River cruiseIf you cruise by the river you will see hundreds of cargo and passengerships.You dont remain indifferent to beauty of four Shanghai bridges:Xupu,Lupu,Nanpu and Yangpu.The splendid array of structures resemblesmisty ice palaces in a ri
28、ot of colors-golden yellow,pure white andaquamarine blue.Constantly changing colors mesmerize.It is also a major water source for Shanghai.Huangpu Rver,known as themother river of Shanghai,which rises in the Tai Lake,Jiangsu Province,flows through the urban area of the city and empties into the mout
29、h of66v1.0 可编辑可修改the Yangtze River,with a total length of 112 kilometers.First of allthe river is thruway for Shanghai.History and CultureHistory and CultureHuangpu River,97 km long,rising in the lake district of ShanghaiMunicipality,East China,and flowing northeast past Shanghai into theChang estua
30、ry at Wusong.The Huangpu Rivercan also becalled either theChun Shen River or the Huang Xie River.It is also a major water source for Shanghai,and as the city has grownit has suffered from water shortages and polluted drinking water;in 1996a project to divert water from the Chang River(Yangtze)to the
31、 Huangpuwas completed.The cruise boat meanders eastward along the golden waterwayto the intriguing three-layer waters at the Wusong Mouth,confluenceof the three and half hours over a distance of 60 kilometers,withbeautiful view emerging one after another.Its famous riverside avenue,with its park-lik
32、e green areas and tallbuildings,is Shanghais landmark.Here,the visitor stands in front ofmagnificent buildings in the art nouveau style that once housed the clubs,banks,companies and hotels of the foreign rulers.Madame Tussauds Gallery in Shanghai Madame Tussauds Gallery in Shanghai77The second Asia
33、n outlet is located in the Chinese city of Shanghai.Attracted by Shanghais growing reputation and tourism volume in East Asia,the Tussauds Group approached Shanghai authorities to discuss thepossibility of opening its second Asian location in early 2004.TheShanghai authorities agreed with the propos
34、al and Madame TussaudsShanghai was opened on 1 May 2006 on the 10th floor of the New WorldDepartment Store at West Nanjing Road.The Shanghai outlet houses nearly 75 wax figures of local andinternationally-known celebrities to date,and will add more in its secondand third phases.The museum opens all
35、year round from 10 am to 10 pm dailyand it is divided up into seven themed sections:Glamour,Behind the Scenes,History and Heroes,Music,Film,Speed and Sport.Admission fee is RMB135(US$20)for adults and RMB 100 for students.Madame Tussauds Shanghaiis the Tussauds Groups sixth waxwork museum after Lond
36、on,Amsterdam,LasVegas,New York City and Hong Kong City God Temple of Shanghai City God Temple of ShanghaiThe City God Temple or Chenghuang Miao is a temple located in Shanghai,China,within the old walled city.Today the City God Temple not onlyrefers to the large temple complex,but also the tradition
37、al district ofcommerce in the city,surrounding the temple.There are over a hundredstores and shops in this area,and most of these store buildings are nearlya century old.The temple connects to the Yuyuan Garden,another landmarkof the old city.88v1.0 可编辑可修改The temples surrounding area and vicinity is
38、 a large commercial districtthat hosts an array of shops,restaurants,teahouses,as well as annualtemple fair events.A paifang adjacent to the temple One of the altars of the templePavilions and teahouses in the Chenghuang The streets of Chenghuang MiaoMiao areaRegardless of size,many walled cities in
39、 ancient China contained a templededicated to one or more immortal or god as the spirit(s)or protector(s)of the city.The City God Temple in Shanghai originated as the Jinshan God Temple,dedicated to the spirit of Jinshan,or Gold Mountain,an island off thecoast of Shanghai.It was converted into a Cit
40、y God Temple in 1403,duringthe Yongle era of the Ming dynasty.99During the Qing Dynasty,the temple grew popular.Residents of the oldcity as well as nearby areas visited the temple to pray for good fortuneand peace.The temple reached its largest extent in the Daoguang era.Thepopularity of the temple
41、also led to many businesses being set up in thearea,turning the surrounding streets into a busy marketplace.In 1951,the Board of Trustees of the City God Temple was dissolved,andthe temple was handed over to the Shanghai Taoist Association and madeinto a Taoist center.The institution made changes to
42、 the temple,removingstatues representing folk Underworld personalities such as Yama,thejudge of the dead,and placing an emphasis on Taoist spirituality instead.During the Cultural Revolution,the temple was closed down and used forother purposes.For many years,the main hall was used as a jewellery sh
43、op.In 1994,the temple was restored to its former use as a temple,withresident Taoist priests.The Temple,together with nearby Yuyuan Gardenand the surrounding streets,are now part of a large pedestrian zonededicated to restaurants and retail.A complete restoration of the City God Temple took place be
44、tween 2005 and2006.In October 2006 the place of worship was reopened and reconstructedby Taoist clergymen.Yu Yuan Garden Yu Yuan Garden1010v1.0 可编辑可修改Yu Yuan GardenYu Yuan Garden located in the center of the Old City next to theChenghuangmiao area in Shanghai,China,is considered one of the mostlavis
45、h and finest Chinese gardens in the region.The garden is accessiblefrom the nearby Yuyuan Garden Station on the Shanghai Metro line 10.HistoryHistoryThe garden was first established in 1559 as a private garden created byPan Yunduan,who spent almost 20 years building a garden to please hisfather Pan
46、En,a high-ranking official in the Ming Dynasty,during hisfathers old age.Over the years,the gardens fell into disrepair untilabout 1760 when bought by merchants,before suffering extensive damagein the 19th century.In 1842,during the Opium Wars,the British armyoccupied the Town God Temple for five da
47、ys.During the Taiping Rebellionthe gardens were occupied by imperial troops,and damaged again by theJapanese in 1942.They were repaired by the Shanghai government from19561961,opened to the public in 1961,and declared a national monumentin 1982.DesignDesign1111v1.0 可编辑可修改Yu Yuan GardenToday,Yuyuan G
48、arden occupies an area of 2 hectares(5 acres),and isdivided into six general areas laid out in the Suzhou style:Grand Rockery-rockery made of huangshi stone(12 m high),featuring peaks,cliffs,winding caves and gorges.This scenery was possibly created byZhang Nanyang in the Ming Dynasty.This area also
49、 contains the Sansui(Three Corn Ears)Hall.Heralding Spring Hall(Dianchun)-built in 1820,the first year of theEmperor Daoguangs reign.From September 1853 to February 1855,it servedas the base of the Small Swords Society.Inner Garden-rockeries,ponds,pavilions,and towers,first laid outin 1709 and more
50、recently recreated in 1956 by combining its east and westgardens.Jade Magnificence Hall(Yuhua)-furnished with rosewood pieces from theMing Dynasty.Lotus Pool-with a zigzag bridge and mid-lake pavilion.Ten Thousand-Flower Tower(Wanhua)1212Garden areas are separated by dragon walls with undulating gra