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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 Shanghai Oriental Pearl TowerThe Oriental Pearl Tower is a in , . The Oriental Pearl Tower is located at the tip of in the district, by the side of , opposite of .It was designed by the Shanghai Modern Architectural Design Co. Ltd. Principal designers are Jiang Huan Chen, Lin Benlin an
2、d Zhang Xiulin. Construction began in 1990 and the tower was completed in 1994. At 468 m (1,535 feet) high, it was the tallest structure in (excluding ; see ) from 19942007, when it was surpassed by the . The spheres in the towerThe tower features 11 spheres, big and small. The two largest spheres,
3、along the length of the tower, have diameters of 50 m (164 ft) for the lower and 45 m (148 ft) for the upper. They are linked by three columns, each 9 m (30 ft) in diameter. The highest sphere is 14 m (46 ft) in diameter.The entire building is supported by three enormous that start underground.Obser
4、vation levelsThe tower has fifteen observatory levels. The highest (known as the Space Module) is at 350 m (1148 ft). The lower levels are at 263 m (863 ft) (Sightseeing Floor) and at 90 m (295 ft) (Space City). There is a at the 267 m (876 ft) level. The project also contains exhibition facilities,
5、 restaurants and a shopping mall. There is also a 20-room hotel called the Space Hotel between the two large spheres.Antenna spireAn , broadcasting TV and radio programs, extends the construction by another 118 m (387 ft) to a total height of 468 m (1,535 ft).Chinese symbolism in the designThe desig
6、n of the building is said to be based on a verse of the poem Pipa Song by about the wonderful sprinkling sound of a instrument, like pearls, big and small falling on a plate. However, the designer Jiang Huancheng says that he did not have the poem in mind when designing the tower. It was the chief o
7、f the jury board who said it reminded him of that poem. Shanghai World Financial CenterThe Shanghai World Financial Center is a located in the district of , . It was designed by and developed by Mori Building. It is a mixed-use skyscraper, consisting of offices, hotels, conference rooms, observation
8、 decks, and ground-floor shopping malls. is the hotel component, containing 174 rooms and suites. Occupying the 79th to the 93rd floors, it is the second-highest hotel in the world, surpassing the on the 53rd to 87th floors of the neighboring . On 14 September 2007, the skyscraper was , at 492.0 met
9、ers (1,614.2ft) making it the at the time, and the tallest structure in the Peoples Republic of China prior to the construction of the nearby . It also had the highest occupied floor and the highest height to roof, two categories used to determine the title of The Worlds Tallest Building.On 28 Augus
10、t 2008, the SWFC officially opened for business. Two days later, the worlds tallest opened, offering views from 474m (1,555ft) above ground level. The SWFC continues to have the tallest observation deck in the world.The SWFC has been lauded for its design, and in 2008 it was named by architects as t
11、he years best completed skyscraper.HistoryDesigned by Kohn Pedersen Fox, the 101-story tower was originally planned for construction in 1997, but work was temporarily interrupted by the in the late 1990s and later to accommodate design changes by Mori Building Co. The building of the tower is financ
12、ed by several multinational firms, including Chinese, Japanese, and Hong Kong banks, as well as by the Japanese developer and as-yet unnamed American and European investors. American investment bank is coordinating the financing for Mori Building.ConstructionThe foundation stone was laid on 27 Augus
13、t 1997. In the late 1990s the Pierre de Smet Building Corporation had a fund shortage caused by the in 1997 to 1998, which halted the project after the foundations were completed. On 13 February 2003, the Mori Group increased the buildings height to 492 m and 101 stories from the initial plans for a
14、 460m (1,509ft), 94-story building. The new building would use the foundation of the original design. The building construction resumed on 16 November 2003.The building reached its total height of 492 m on 14 September 2007 after installation of the final steel girder. The final cladding panels were
15、 installed in mid June 2008, and elevator installation was finished in mid July 2008. On 17 July 2008 The Shanghai World Financial Center was completed and on 28 August 2008, the SWFC officially opened for business. On 30 August 2008, the observation floors were opened to the public.ArchitectureThe
16、most distinctive feature in the design of the building is an aperture at the peak. The original design specified a circular aperture, 46m (151ft) in diameter, to reduce the stresses of wind pressure, as well as serve as a subtext for the design, since Chinese mythology represents the earth with a sq
17、uare and the sky with a circle.It also resembled a Chinese due to its circular form in . However, this initial design began facing protests from some Chinese, including the mayor of Shanghai, who considered it too similar to the design of the . Pedersen then suggested that a bridge be placed at the
18、bottom of the aperture to make it less circular. On 18 October 2005, KPF submitted an alternative design to Mori Building and a trapezoidal hole replaced the circle at the top of the tower, which in addition to changing the controversial design, would also be cheaper and easier to implement accordin
19、g to the architects. In the eyes of some, the building resembles a giant . In fact, metal replicas of the building that function as actual bottle openers are sold in the observation deck gift shop.There are 3 in Shanghai World Financial Center. The height of its lowest observation deck (观光大厅) is 423
20、m (1,388ft), on the 94th floor, the second is 439m (1,440ft) high, on the 97th floor, named Observatory Bridge (观光天桥), and the highest (观光天阁) is 474m (1,555ft) high, on the 100th floor. Admission ranges from 100 RMB (15.4 USD) for the 94th floor only to 150 RMB (about 23.1 USD) for all three observa
21、tion decks.The skyscrapers roof height is set at 492 m, and has temporarily claimed the highest roof in the world. Before construction resumed on the roof, tower height was scheduled to be 509.2m (1,671ft) so the building would hold the title of the worlds tallest building (structural top) over the
22、, but a height limit was imposed, allowing the roof to reach a maximum height of 492 m. Architect and developer have resisted suggestions to add a spire that would surpass that of Taipei 101 and perhaps , calling the Shanghai WFC a broad-shouldered building. The SWFC boasts a gross floor area of mor
23、e than 377,300 m2 (4,061,200 sqft) and 31 elevators and 33 escalators.AwardsShanghai World Financial Center was named by architects as the best skyscraper completed in 2008 receiving both the Best Tall Building Overall and Asia & Australasia awards from the (CTBUH). CTBUHs Carol Willis, head of New
24、Yorks , states: The simplicity of its form as well as its size dramatizes the idea of the skyscraper. Architect noted its innovative structural design: Steel trusses gird against the forces of wind and earthquake and made the building lighter, made it use less steel, and contributed to its sustainab
25、ility. Johnson described the SWFCs structure as nothing short of genius. Huangpu River cruiseIf you cruise by the river you will see hundreds of cargo and passenger ships. You dont remain indifferent to beauty of four Shanghai bridges: Xupu, Lupu, Nanpu and Yangpu. The splendid array of structures r
26、esembles misty ice palaces in a riot of colors-golden yellow, pure white and aquamarine blue. Constantly changing colors mesmerize.It is also a major water source for Shanghai. Huangpu Rver, known as the mother river of Shanghai, which rises in the Tai Lake, Jiangsu Province, flows through the urban
27、 area of the city and empties into the mouth of the Yangtze River, with a total length of 112 kilometers. First of all the river is thruway for Shanghai. History and Culture Huangpu River, 97 km long, rising in the lake district of Shanghai Municipality, East China, and flowing northeast past Shangh
28、ai into the Chang estuary at Wusong. The Huangpu River can also be called either the Chun Shen River or the Huang Xie River.It is also a major water source for Shanghai, and as the city has grown it has suffered from water shortages and polluted drinking water; in 1996 a project to divert water from
29、 the Chang River (Yangtze) to the Huangpu was completed. The cruise boat meanders eastward along the golden waterway to the intriguing three-layer waters at the Wusong Mouth, confluence of the three and half hours over a distance of 60 kilometers, with beautiful view emerging one after another. Its
30、famous riverside avenue, with its park-like green areas and tall buildings, is Shanghais landmark. Here, the visitor stands in front of magnificent buildings in the art nouveau style that once housed the clubs, banks, companies and hotels of the foreign rulers. Madame Tussauds Gallery in ShanghaiThe
31、 second Asian outlet is located in the Chinese city of . Attracted by Shanghais growing reputation and tourism volume in East Asia, the Tussauds Group approached Shanghai authorities to discuss the possibility of opening its second Asian location in early 2004. The Shanghai authorities agreed with t
32、he proposal and Madame Tussauds Shanghai was opened on 1 May 2006 on the 10th floor of the New World Department Store at . The Shanghai outlet houses nearly 75 wax figures of local and internationally-known celebrities to date, and will add more in its second and third phases. The museum opens all y
33、ear round from 10 am to 10 pm daily and it is divided up into seven themed sections: Glamour, Behind the Scenes, History and Heroes, Music, Film, Speed and Sport. Admission fee is 135 (US$20) for adults and RMB 100 for students. Madame Tussauds Shanghai is the Tussauds Groups sixth waxwork museum af
34、ter London, Amsterdam, Las Vegas, New York City and Hong Kong City God Temple of ShanghaiThe City God Temple or Chenghuang Miao is a temple located in Shanghai, , within the old walled city. Today the City God Temple not only refers to the large temple complex, but also the traditional district of c
35、ommerce in the city, surrounding the temple. There are over a hundred stores and shops in this area, and most of these store buildings are nearly a century old. The temple connects to the , another landmark of the old city.The temples surrounding area and vicinity is a large commercial district that
36、 hosts an array of shops, restaurants, teahouses, as well as annual temple fair events. A adjacent to the temple One of the altars of the temple Pavilions and teahouses in the Chenghuang The streets of Chenghuang MiaoMiao areaRegardless of size, many walled cities in ancient China contained a temple
37、 dedicated to one or more immortal or god as the spirit(s) or protector(s) of the city.The City God Temple in Shanghai originated as the God Temple, dedicated to the spirit of Jinshan, or Gold Mountain, an island off the coast of Shanghai. It was converted into a City God Temple in 1403, during the
38、era of the .During the , the temple grew popular. Residents of the old city as well as nearby areas visited the temple to pray for good fortune and peace. The temple reached its largest extent in the . The popularity of the temple also led to many businesses being set up in the area, turning the sur
39、rounding streets into a busy marketplace.In 1951, the Board of Trustees of the City God Temple was dissolved, and the temple was handed over to the Shanghai Taoist Association and made into a Taoist center. The institution made changes to the temple, removing statues representing folk personalities
40、such as , the judge of the dead, and placing an emphasis on Taoist spirituality instead.During the , the temple was closed down and used for other purposes. For many years, the main hall was used as a jewellery shop. In 1994, the temple was restored to its former use as a temple, with resident pries
41、ts. The Temple, together with nearby and the surrounding streets, are now part of a large pedestrian zone dedicated to restaurants and retail.A complete restoration of the City God Temple took place between 2005 and 2006. In October 2006 the place of worship was reopened and reconstructed by Taoist
42、clergymen. Yu Yuan GardenYu Yuan GardenYu Yuan Garden located in the center of the Old City next to the area in , , is considered one of the most lavish and finest in the region. The garden is accessible from the nearby on the line 10.HistoryThe garden was first established in 1559 as a private gard
43、en created by Pan Yunduan, who spent almost 20 years building a garden to please his father Pan En, a high-ranking official in the , during his fathers old age. Over the years, the gardens fell into disrepair until about 1760 when bought by merchants, before suffering extensive damage in the 19th ce
44、ntury. In 1842, during the , the British army occupied the Town God Temple for five days. During the the gardens were occupied by imperial troops, and damaged again by the Japanese in 1942. They were repaired by the Shanghai government from 19561961, opened to the public in 1961, and declared a nati
45、onal monument in 1982.DesignYu Yuan GardenToday, Yuyuan Garden occupies an area of 2 (5 ), and is divided into six general areas laid out in the style:Grand Rockery - rockery made of huangshi stone (12 m high), featuring peaks, cliffs, winding caves and gorges. This scenery was possibly created by Z
46、hang Nanyang in the . This area also contains the Sansui (Three Corn Ears) Hall.Heralding Spring Hall (Dianchun) - built in 1820, the first year of the s reign. From September 1853 to February 1855, it served as the base of the .Inner Garden - rockeries, ponds, pavilions, and towers, first laid out
47、in 1709 and more recently recreated in 1956 by combining its east and west gardens.Jade Magnificence Hall (Yuhua) - furnished with pieces from the .Lotus Pool - with a zigzag bridge and mid-lake pavilion.Ten Thousand-Flower Tower (Wanhua)Garden areas are separated by dragon walls with undulating gra
48、y tiled ridges, each terminating in a dragons head.Features Sansui Hall Yangshan Hall Huge Rockery Cuixui Hall Relaxation Stone Boat Yule Pavilion Double Lane Corridor Wanhua Chamber Gingko Tree Nine Lion Study Ancient Well Pavilion Relic Hall Dianchun Hall Acting and Singing Stage Kualiou Pavilion Hexu Hall Huijing Tower Toasting Pavilion Yuhua Hall Deyue Chamber Jade Water Corridor Depository of Books and Paintings Exquisite Jade Rock Huanlong Bridge Inner Garden Jingguan