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1、TEDTED 英语演讲：你要等到什么时候做回真实的自己英语演讲：你要等到什么时候做回真实的自己你要等到什么时候做回真实的自己 Is there a real you?This might seem to you like a very oddquestion.Because,you might ask,how do we find the real you,how doyou know what the real you is?And so forth.真实的你存在吗?也许对你来说这是一个 奇怪的问题。因为你可能会问，我们怎么寻找真实的自己，而你又如何知道什么才是 真实的自己呢?诸如此类。Bu
2、t the idea that there must be a real you,surely thats obvious.If theres anything real in the world,its you.Well,Im not quitesure.At least we have to understand a bit better what that means.Now certainly,I think there are lots of things in our culture aroundus which sort of reinforce the idea that fo
3、r each one of us,we havea kind of a core,an essence.There is something about what it meansto be you which defines you,and its kind of permanent andunchanging.The most kind of crude way in which we have it,arethings like horoscopes.You know,people are very wedded to these,actually.People put them on
4、their Facebook profile as though they aremeaningul,you even know your Chinese horoscope as well.There arealso more scientific versions of this,all sorts of ways of profilingpersonality type,such as the Myers-Briggs tests,for e 某 ample.Idont know if youve done those.A lot of companies use these forre
5、cruitment.You answer a lot of questions,and this is supposed toreveal something about your core personality.And of course,thepopular fascination with this is enormous.In magazines like this,youll see,in the bottom left corner,theyll advertise in virtuallyevery issue some kind of personality thing.An
6、d if you pick up one ofthose magazines,its hard to resist,isnt it?Doing the test to find第 1页 共 11页what is your learning style,what is your loving style,or what isyour working style?Are you this kind of person or that?不过一定存在一个真实的你，这个想法显然是成立的。如果这个世界存在什么真实的事物，那就是你。不过，我其实没那么确定。至少我们要对这个问题 理解的深入一些。当然，我认为
7、我们周围的文化中有很多东西 或多或少都强化了这样一种想法，那就是我们当中的每一个人 都具备一个核心，一种本质。存在一些能够定义你的东西，使你成为你自己，它是永恒不变的。其中有一些很不精确的方式，比如星座，等等。事实上人们对这些相当痴迷。把它们放在脸书资料里，就好像这些东西很有意义似的，你甚至还知道自己的生肖属相。还有更多具有科学性的版本，各种各样定义人格类型的方法，比如像麦尔斯-布里格斯性格分类测试。不知道你们有没有做过这个。很多公司把这种测试用在招聘中。你要回答很多问题，以此来揭示你的某些核心人格。当然，这些测试是相当流行的。在这类的杂志中，你可以看到 几乎在每一刊的左下角，都有这类性格测试
8、的广告。一旦你拿起这种杂志，就很难抗拒，不是么?用这些测试来找出你的学习模式，你的恋爱模式，还有你的工作模式。比如你是哪种类型的人?So I think that we have a common-sense idea that there is a kindof core or essence of ourselves to be discovered.And that this iskind of a permanent truth about ourselves,something thats the samethroughout life.Well,thats the idea I w
9、ant to challenge.And I haveto say now,Ill say it a bit later,but Im not challenging this justbecause Im weird,the challenge actually has a very,very long anddistinguished history.Heres the common-sense idea.There is you.Youare the individuals you are,and you have this kind of core.Now inyour life,wh
10、at happens is that you,of course,accumulate differente 某 periences and so forth.So you have memories,and these memorieshelp to create what you are.You have desires,maybe for a cookie,maybe for something that we dont want to talk about at 11 oclock in第 2页 共 11页the morning in a school.You will have be
11、liefs.This is a numberplate from someone in America.I dont know whether this number plate,which says messiah 1,indicates that the driver believes in themessiah,or that they are the messiah.Either way,they have beliefsabout messiahs.We have knowledge.We have sensations and e 某periences as well.Its no
12、t just intellectual things.So this is kindof the common-sense model,I think,of what a person is.There is aperson who has all the things that make up our life e 某 periences.我想我们有一个共识，就是都认为自己有一种 有待发掘的核心特质。有一种关乎我们自身的永恒真相，一生都不会改变。然而这正是我要挑战的认知。我现在就得说，一会还会再讲，我要挑战这种认知并不是因为我这人很怪，事实上这个挑战已经有一段 悠久显赫的历史了。最普遍的想法
13、是，这是你。你是你这个个体，并且有这类的核心特征。而在你的一生中，当然你会积累不同的经历等等。于是你有了记忆，这些记忆帮助你塑造了自己。你有欲望，也许只是想要一块饼干，也许是一些早晨十一点在学校 我们不想去讨论的东西你还会有信仰，这是一个美国人的车牌。我不知道这个车牌显示的弥赛亚1 是否表示这个司机相信救世主，或者他们自己就是救世主。不管怎样，他们信仰弥赛亚。我们有知识。也有直觉和经历。并不只有智力方面的东西。我想这就是一个有关你是什么的 常识性模型。你是这么一个人，拥有这些构成你人生经历的事物。But the suggestion I want to put to you today is
14、that theressomething fundamentally wrong with this model.And I can show youwhats wrong with one click.Which is there isnt actually a you at theheart of all these e 某 periences.Strange thought?Well,maybe not.What is there,then?Well,clearly there are memories,desires,intentions,sensations,and so forth
15、.But what happens is thesethings e 某 ist,and theyre kind of all integrated,theyre overlapped,theyre connected in various different ways.Theyre connecting partly,第 3页 共 11页and perhaps even mainly,because they all belong to one body and onebrain.But theres also a narrative,a story we tell about oursel
16、ves,the e 某 periences we have when we remember past things.We do thingsbecause of other things.So what we desire is partly a result of whatwe believe,and what we remember is also informing us what we know.And so really,there are all these things,like beliefs,desires,sensations,e 某 periences,theyre a
17、ll related to each other,and that just is you.In some ways,its a small difference from thecommon-sense understanding.In some ways,its a massive one.但今天我想提出的观点却是，这个模型具有根本性的错误。我可以很简洁的给你们展示问题在哪里。所有这些经历的中心其实 并不存在那个真实的你。这个想法很奇怪吗?不尽然。那这些经历中究竟有些什么呢?显然，有记忆、欲望、意愿、直觉，等等诸如此类。但事实上这些事物是存在的，而且整合在一起，他们以各种各样的方式相互交错
18、，彼此连接。他们之间有部分连接，也许甚至是大部分连接，因为他们属于同一个身体，同一个大脑。不过还有这样一种叙述，关于自己的故事，那些在我们回忆过去时所获得的经历。我们所做的事情都有其缘由。我们的欲望部分源于我们的信仰，我们的记忆也决定了我们的认知。的确，所有这些东西比如信仰，欲望，直觉和经历，他们都相互关联，这就构成了你。某种意义上，这与我们的基本认知只有些微的不同。而某种意义上，这种偏差却是巨大的。Its the shift between thinking of yourself as a thing which hasall the e 某 periences of life,and t
19、hinking of yourself as simplythat collection of all e 某 periences in life.You are the sum of yourparts.Now those parts are also physical parts,of course,brains,bodies and legs and things,but they arent so important,actually.Ifyou have a heart transplant,youre still the same person.If you havea memor
20、y transplant,are you the same person?If you have a belieftransplant,would you be the same person?Now this idea,that what we第 4页 共 11页are,the way to understand ourselves,is as not of some permanentbeing,which has e 某 periences,but is kind of a collection of e 某periences,might strike you as kind of we
21、ird.这是在把你自己当做 拥有所有这些人生经历的事物，以及把你自己当做所有这些人生经历的合集 之间的一种转换。你是所有部分的集合。当然，这些也可以是身体的部分，比如大脑，躯干，肢体等等，但事实上这些都不那么重要。假设你做了心脏移植，你还是那个你。但如果你做了记忆移植，你还是那个你吗?如果是信仰移植呢，你还是原来的你吗?所以，这个关于我们是什么 以及如何认识自身的想法，它认为我们不是什么拥有经历的永恒个体，而是这些经历的集合，这种想法可能会让你觉得有点儿奇怪。But actually,I dont think it should be weird.In a way,itscommon sens
22、e.Because I just invite you to think about,bycomparison,think about pretty much anything else in the universe,maybe apart from the very most fundamental forces or powers.Letstake something like water.Now my science isnt very good.We mightsay something like water has two parts hydrogen and one parts
23、o 某ygen,right?We all know that.I hope no one in this room thinks thatwhat that means is there is a thing called water,and attached to itare hydrogen and o 某 ygen atoms,and thats what water is.Of coursewe dont.We understand,very easily,very straightforwardly,thatwater is nothing more than the hydroge
24、n and o 某 ygen moleculessuitably arranged.Everything else in the universe is the same.Theres no mystery about my watch,for e 某 ample.We say the watch hasa face,and hands,and a mechanism and a battery,But what we reallymean is,we dont think there is a thing called the watch to which wethen attach all
25、 these bits.We understand very clearly that you getthe parts of the watch,you put them together,and you create awatch.Now if everything else in the universe is like this,why are第 5页 共 11页we different?但事实上，我觉得一点都不。某种程度上，这也是常识。我请大家通过比较，想想宇宙中其它的诸多事物，不用考虑那些最基本的力或者功。举个例子吧。我的科学素养很一般。我们可以说水含有两份氢 和一份氧，对吧?这个
26、我们都知道。希望这个屋子里没有人会理解为 有一种叫做水的东西，附着着氢原子和氧原子，认为这就是水。我们当然不会这么想。我们都能轻易而直接的理解，水不过是 氢和氧以恰当的形式排列而成的。宇宙中的其他任何事物也一样。比如，我的手表也没有什么神秘的。我们说它有表面指针，还有机械装置以及电池。不过我们的真正意思 并不是认为一种叫做表的东西，上面附着上所有这些元件。我们很清楚 当你把所有这些元件组合起来，就可以得到一个手表。如果宇宙中所有事物都是这样，我们又有什么特殊的呢?Why think of ourselves as somehow not just being a collection ofal
27、l our parts,but somehow being a separate,permanent entity whichhas those parts?Now this view is not particularly new,actually.Ithas quite a long lineage.You find it in Buddhism,you find it in17th,18th-century philosophy going through to the current day,people like Locke and Hume.But interestingly,it
28、s also a viewincreasingly being heard reinforced by neuroscience.This is PaulBroks,hes a clinical neuropsychologist,and he says this:We have adeep intuition that there is a core,an essence there,and its hardto shake off,probably impossible to shake off,I suspect.But itstrue that neuroscience shows t
29、hat there is no centre in the brainwhere things do all come together.So when you look at the brain,andyou look at how the brain makes possible a sense of self,you findthat there isnt a central control spot in the brain.There is no kindof center where everything happens.There are lots of differentpro
30、cesses in the brain,all of which operate,in a way,quiteindependently.But its because of the way that they relate that we第 6页 共 11页get this sense of self.The term I use in the book,I call it the egotrick.Its like a mechanical trick.Its not that we dont e 某 ist,itsjust that the trick is to make us fee
31、l that inside of us is somethingmore unified than is really there.为什么我们不把自己认为是 所有部件的组合，而是一个拥有那些部件的某种独立而永恒的存在?这种看法其实并不新鲜。它已经有着一段很长的传承。在佛教里有，十七，十八世纪的哲学里有 直至现在，以洛克(译注：17世纪英国哲学家)和休谟(译注：18 世纪苏格兰哲学家)为代表的思想。但有趣的是，这也是一种 越来越经常听到的被神经科学不断加强的想法。这是保罗布洛克斯，一位临床神经心理学家，他是这样说的：我们有一种根深蒂固的直觉：就是存在一种核心特质，很难摆脱，我甚至怀疑也许是根本无
32、法摆脱的。但神经科学的确显示，我们的大脑中没有什么让 所有东西都集合在一起的中心区域。那么当你观察大脑，观察大脑如何形成自我意识，你会发现根本不存在什么中心控制点。不存在所有事件集中发生的区域。大脑中有大量不同的进程，各自以相当独立的方式运行着。但是，他们之间相互关联的方式使得我们有了自我的意识。我在书里把它叫做自我迷局。就像机械迷局一样。这不是说我们不存在，而是这个迷局使得我们感觉 在我们内部有一种更为统一的存在。Now you might think this is a worrying idea.You might think thatif its true,that for each
33、one of us there is no abiding core ofself,no permanent essence,does that mean that really,the self isan illusion?Does it mean that we really dont e 某 ist?There is noreal you.Well,a lot of people actually do use this talk of illusionand so forth.These are three psychologists,Thomas Metzinger,BruceHoo
34、d,Susan Blackmore,a lot of these people do talk the language ofillusion,the self is an illusion,its a fiction.But I dont thinkthis is a very helpful way of looking at it.Go back to the watch.The watch isnt an illusion,because there is nothing to the watch第 7页 共 11页other than a collection of its part
35、s.In the same way,were notillusions either.The fact that we are,in some ways,just this very,very comple 某 collection,ordered collection of things,does notmean were not real.I can give you a very sort of rough metaphor forthis.Lets take something like a waterfall.These are the IguazuFalls,in Argentin
36、a.Now if you take something like this,you canappreciate the fact that in lots of ways,theres nothing permanentabout this.For one thing,its always changing.The waters are alwayscarving new channels.with changes and tides and the weather,somethings dry up,new things are created.Of course the water tha
37、t flowsthrough the waterfall is different every single instance.But itdoesnt mean that the Iguazu Falls are an illusion.It doesnt mean itsnot real.What it means is we have to understand what it is assomething which has a history,has certain things that keep ittogether,but its a process,its fluid,its
38、 forever changing.也许你会觉得这个想法让人感到沮丧。你也许会想，如果这是真的，我们每个人都没有持久的核心自我，没有永恒的实质，这是否意味着自我是一种假象呢?是否意味着我们并不存在?没有什么真正的你。的确有很多人接纳了这种假象之类的说法。比如有三位心理学家，托马斯梅辛革，布鲁斯胡德以及苏珊布莱克默，这些人都支持这种假象学说，认为自我是一种假象，是虚构的。不过我不觉得这种理解方式 在这个问题上有任何的帮助。我们回到手表的例子。手表不是假象，因为除了部件的组合 没有其它东西了。同样的，我们也不是假象。事实上，从某种角度来说，我们只是一个 极其复杂的有序集合，并不意味着我们不是真实存
39、在的。我可以给你们一个非常粗浅的比喻。就拿瀑布来说吧。这是阿根廷的伊瓜苏瀑布。如果仔细想想，你就会领会到，从很多方面来看，它都不是永恒的。首先，它永远在变化中。Now that,I think,is a model for understanding ourselves,and Ithink its a liberating model.Because if you think that you have this第 8页 共 11页fi 某 ed,permanent essence,which is always the same,throughout yourlife,no matter
40、what,in a sense youre kind of trapped.Youre bornwith an essence,thats what you are until you die,if you believe inan afterlife,maybe you continue.But if you think of yourself asbeing,in a way,not a thing as such,but a kind of a process,something that is changing,then I think thats quite liberating.B
41、ecause unlike the the waterfalls,we actually have the capacity tochannel the direction of our development for ourselves to a certaindegree.Now weve got to be careful here,right?If you watch the 某-Factor too much,you might buy into this idea that we can all bewhatever we want to be.Thats not true.Ive
42、 heard some fantasticmusicians this morning,and I am very confident that I could in noway be as good as them.I could practice hard and maybe be good,butI dont have that really natural ability.There are limits to what wecan achieve.There are limits to what we can make of ourselves.Butnevertheless,we
43、do have this capacity to,in a sense,shapeourselves.The true self,as it were then,is not something that isjust there for you to discover,you dont sort of look into your souland find your true self,What you are partly doing,at least,isactually creating your true self.And this,I think,is very,verysigni
44、ficant,particularly at this stage of life youre at.Youll beaware of the fact how much of you changed over recent years.If youhave any videos of yourself,three or four years ago,you probablyfeel embarrassed because you dont recognize yourself.这些水总在冲蚀出新的路径，随着潮汐和天气的变化，有的干涸了，有的则刚刚形成。当然，瀑布中流淌着的水 每一刻都是不同的
45、。但这并不是说伊瓜苏瀑布就是假象。并不是说它就是非真实的了。这意味着，我们需要将它理解为是一种拥有过往的事物，是某些东西的集合，不过它是一个过程，第 9页 共 11页流动着的，始终变化着的。我觉得这就是一个 可以用来认识我们自己的模型，一个释放性的模型。因为如果你认为自己有什么 固定的永恒的特质，无论怎样都终其一生而存在，那么在某种意义上你已经被套住了。你生而具备某种特质，而它就会定义你，直到死亡，如果你相信有来生，也许还会继续。但如果你换种方式，认为自己不是这样一种事物，而是一个过程，一个处于变化中的过程，我觉得这就是一种解放。因为与瀑布不同，我们其实在一定程度上具备 为自己的发展规划方向的
46、能力。现在我们要小心了，对吧?如果你看了太多某 音素(译注：英国真人选秀节目)，你可能会深信 我们可能成为任何想成为的人。但事实并非如此。今早我听到一些非常棒的音乐家的演奏，我非常确信我没法达到他们的水平。我可以刻苦练习，也许会做的不错，但我并不具备这个天赋。我们可以实现的总是有限的。在造就自我方面我们能力有限，但无论如何，我们至少具备 在一定程度上塑造自己的能力。真实的自己，并不是等着你去发现的什么东西，你不是在灵魂中寻找那个真实的自己。你或多或少正在做的，其实是在创造真实的自己。这一点我觉得非常重要，尤其对于你所在的人生阶段。你会意识到这些年 自己变化了多少。如果你有自己三四年前的视频，你
47、也许会感到很尴尬，因为你都快认不出自己了。So I want to get that message over,that what we need to do isthink about ourselves as things that we can shape,and channel andchange.This is the Buddha,again:Well-makers lead the water,fletchers bend the arrow,carpenters bend a log of wood,wise peoplefashion themselves.And thats
48、 the idea I want to leave you with,thatyour true self is not something that you will have to go searchingfor,as a mystery,and maybe never ever find.To the e 某 tent youhave a true self,its something that you in part discover,but inpart create.and that,I think,is a liberating and e 某 citingprospect.Th
49、ank you very much.我希望能传递这样的信息，我们需要做的 就是认为我们自己是可以塑第 10页 共 11页造，规划，并不断改变的事物。佛说：水人调船，弓匠调角，巧匠调木，智者调身。这正是我要传达给你们的理念，你无须寻找真实的自己，也许这是个永远无法解开的谜。即便存在真实的自己，你也需要一边发掘，一边创造。这是一种自由释放性的，非常的令人振奋的观点。谢谢大家。你要等到什么时候做回真实的自己观后感从小到大我没想过对自己可以用虚伪一词。我现在终于承认自己虚伪。我讨厌虚伪，但又不得不虚伪。真实的虚伪对所谓的比赛嗤之以鼻，却是如此的渴望。总认为自己很高尚，不为世俗所动容，可我错了，错得非常
50、彻底。一副无所谓的嘴脸，一副不羁与世漠然的嘴脸，背后却如此的平凡，如此浑浊。歌唱比赛，一班 2 个名额，自己内心极大渴望拥有其中一个。却很不屑地对别人说哎呀，我无所谓，无所谓，无所谓的拉。其实真的是无所谓吗?自己好虚伪，虚伪得让自己感到前所未有的恐惧。不知道自己什么时候学会了虚伪，什么时候才能做回真实的自己?不现实的虚伪总想当个冰美人，用冷漠还伪装自己。总告诉自己，只要冷漠，对何人，何事就都可以敬而远之，置之不理。常对着墙一遍又一遍的练习，用硬邦邦的表情说话，语调没有一丝波澜。然而，我失败了。见到人说话嘴角会不自觉地向上扬，眯起的眼角，深陷下去的一个酒窝也纷纷出卖了我。或许，天注定我当不了冰美