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1、文言实词推断练【方法一】推断法联想该词在课文中的用法,相互比照,辨其异同,然后初步确定文中实词的含义。【牛刀小试】1、进之布指算,不爽。氓:2、令甲卒皆伏,使老女子乘城。氓:3、铨简秀士。出师表:4、公败退,引次江北。陈涉世家:5、绩曰:“是固有罪,然皆饥羸病乏,不足胜杖,姑涅臂以戒,亦可已。”使者怒,欲并劾绩,绩力争不变,使者不能夺。对下列词语的解释,不正确的一项是()A 不足 胜杖,姑涅臂以戒胜:能承受 B 绩力争不变,使者不能 夺夺:强迫沛公不胜杯杓,不能辞。鸿门宴行年四岁,舅夺母志。陈情表【方法二】推断法 .组成一个或几个双音节词进行推断。.借用成语中的实词词义来推断。【牛刀小试】1、
2、北邀当国者相见。2、于是夜缒兵出,薄其营。3、若贷而不诛,则天下大义不明,大法不立矣。4、非刘豫州莫可以当曹操者。【方法三】推断法汉字本就是形音义结合的文字,因此,我们可以利用象形字、会意字、指事字以及形声字的形旁的表意功能,从字形角度去推断实词的含义。例如:口与口及语言等动作有关(吹、吮)心关于心理(恨、志)示和神祉有关(祖)衣与衣服有关(袖、襟)【牛刀小试】1、郡不产谷实,而海出珠宝,与交趾比境,常通商贩,贸籴粮食。2.、旦日飨士卒,为击破沛公军。3、王怒曰:“劓之。”4、不能字人之孤而杀之。5、“有牧人御众之才”6、夜入其家,探其箧,不使之知觉。7、“彀士十万人”8、暮归,忘其牛,父怒挞
3、之。9、抚军亦厚赉成名。10、富翁某,商贾多贷其赀。11、生而眇者不识日,问之有目者【方法四】推断法利用相似的语言结构中,处于对应位置上的词语往往在意义上相同、相近或相反、相对的特点,求得词语正确的解释。【牛刀小试】1、通五经,贯六艺。2、急湍甚箭,猛浪若奔。3、一年所居成聚,两年所居成邑。4、大酋当死,骂逆贼当死。5、忠不必用兮,贤不必以。6、(阮籍)答曰:“胜公荣,不可不与饮;若减公荣,则不敢不共饮;唯公荣可不与饮。”【方法五】推断法根据词语在文言句子中所处的语法位置,推知它的词性,进而根据其词性推知它的实词含义。【牛刀小试】1、范增数目项王。2、自放驴,取樵炊爨。3、欲居之以为利,而高其
4、直。4、道芷阳间行。【梯级训练】1、庭除甚芜,堂屋甚残。2、天下不多管仲之贤而多鲍叔能知人也。3、甚者爪其肤以验其生枯。4、故吾不害其长而已,非能硕茂之也;不抑耗其实而已,非有能早而蕃之也。【方法六】_ 推断法有时对文言文中某个实词无法理解时,根据通假音同或音近的原则,从通假角度考虑,从声旁或形旁角度出发,以另一个可能与之相通的字代入试解来推断词义。试一试1、崔家 顾人刺我,请以闻。2、翼日进宰,宰见其小,怒呵成。3、昌宗从旁 趣说(人名),使速言。4、复之以掌5、卒然临之而不惊综合测试测试一文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:C
5、C9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V
6、1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10
7、F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:C
8、C9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V
9、1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10
10、F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:C
11、C9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V
12、1J10L10J61、解释下列画线的词句永之氓咸善游。一日,水暴甚,有五、六氓乘小船绝湘水。中济,船破,皆游。其一氓尽力而不能寻常。其侣曰:“汝善游最也,今何后为?”曰:“吾腰千钱,重,是以后。”曰:“何不去之?”不应,摇其首。有顷益怠。已济者立岸上呼且号曰:“汝愚之甚,蔽之甚,身且死,何以货为?”又摇其首。遂溺死。吾哀之。-柳宗元测试二:攫 金 者齐人有欲得金者,清旦 被衣冠,往 鬻金者之所,见人 操金,攫而夺之。吏搏而束缚之,问曰:“人皆在焉,子攫人之金,何也?”对曰:“殊不见人,徒见金耳!”1.运用本节课总结的方法,解释词语的意思(1)被:(2)鬻:(3)操:(4)攫:(5)徒:测试三:
13、二人并走(前秦符融为冀州牧)有老姥逼劫于路,喝贼,路人为逐擒之。贼反诬路人,时已昏黑,莫知其 孰是,乃俱送之。融见而笑曰:“此易 知耳,可二人并走,先出凤阳门者非贼。”既而还入,融正色谓后出者曰:“汝真贼也,何诬人乎?”贼遂服罪。盖以贼若善走,必不被捻,故知不善走者贼也。(晋书符融传)解释下列句子中加点字的意思:(1)路人为逐擒之逐(2)莫知其孰是孰(3)此易知耳知(4)融正色谓后出者曰色(5)必不被捻捻测试四:颜 回 好 学回年二十九,发尽白,蚤死。孔子哭之恸,曰:“自吾有回,门人益亲。”鲁哀公问:“弟子孰为好学?”孔子对曰:“有颜回者好学,不迁怒,不贰过。不幸短命死矣,今也则亡。”(史记)
14、注 鲁哀公:鲁国国君。贰过:重犯同样的错误。1.指出下列句中的通假字。(1)发尽白,蚤死“”通“”(2)今也则亡“”通“”2.解释下列句中加点的字。(1)孔子哭之恸恸(2)门人益亲益(3)弟子孰为好学孰(4)不贰过过测试五:文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9
15、C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J
16、10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F1
17、0Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9
18、C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J
19、10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F1
20、0Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9
21、C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6袁 虎 少 贫袁虎少贫,尝为人佣,载运租。谢镇西经船行,其夜清风朗月,闻江渚间估客船上有咏诗声,甚有情致;所诵五言,又其所未尝闻,叹美不能已。即遣委曲讯问,乃是袁自咏其所作咏史诗。因此相要,大相赏得。解释下列句子中加点字的意思:(1)尝为人佣尝(2)闻江渚
22、间估客船上有咏诗声渚(3)叹美不能已委曲(4)即遣委曲讯问要(5)因此相要文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J
23、10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F1
24、0Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9
25、C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J
26、10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F1
27、0Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9
28、C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6文档编码:CC9C1U1E2W6 HG10F10Y10H4P6 ZM3V1J10L10J6