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1、名师总结优秀知识点必修 4 平面向量知识点小结一、向量的基本概念1.向量的概念:既有大小又有方向的量,注意向量和数量的区别.向量常用有向线段来表示.注意:不能说向量就是有向线段,为什么?提示:向量可以平移.举例 1 已知(1,2)A,(4,2)B,则把向量AB按向量(1,3)a平移后得到的向量是_.结果:(3,0)2.零向量:长度为 0 的向量叫零向量,记作:0,规定:零向量的方向是任意的;3.单位向量:长度为一个单位长度的向量叫做单位向量(与AB共线的单位向量是|ABAB);4.相等向量:长度相等且方向相同的两个向量叫相等向量,相等向量有传递性;5.平行向量(也叫共线向量):方向相同或相反的
2、非零向量a、b叫做平行向量,记作:ab,规定:零向量和任何向量平行.注:相等向量一定是共线向量,但共线向量不一定相等;两个向量平行与与两条直线平行是不同的两个概念:两个向量平行包含两个向量共线,但两条直线平行不包含两条直线重合;平行向量无传递性!(因为有0);三点ABC、共线AB AC、共线.6.相反向量:长度相等方向相反的向量叫做相反向量.a的相反向量记作a.举例 2 如下列命题:(1)若|ab,则ab.(2)两个向量相等的充要条件是它们的起点相同,终点相同.(3)若ABDC,则ABCD是平行四边形.(4)若ABCD是平行四边形,则ABDC.(5)若ab,bc,则ac.(6)若/ab,/bc
3、则/ac.其中正确的是 .结果:(4)(5)二、向量的表示方法1.几何表示:用带箭头的有向线段表示,如AB,注意起点在前,终点在后;2.符号表示:用一个小写的英文字母来表示,如a,b,c等;名师总结优秀知识点3.坐标表示:在平面内建立直角坐标系,以与x轴、y轴方向相同的 两 个 单位 向 量,ij为 基 底,则 平 面内 的 任 一 向量a可 表 示 为(,)axiyjx y,称(,)x y为向量a的坐标,(,)ax y叫做向量a的坐标表示.结论:如果向量的起点在原点,那么向量的坐标与向量的终点坐标相同.三、平面向量的基本定理定理设12,e e同一平面内的一组基底向量,a是该平面内任一向量,则
4、存在唯一实数对12(,),使1122aee.(1)定理核心:1 12 2a e e;(2)从左向右看,是对向量a的分解,且表达式唯一;反之,是对向量a的合成.(3)向量的正交分解:当12,e e时,就说1 122a e e为对向量a的正交分解举例 3 (1)若(1,1)a,(1,1)b,(1,2)c,则c .结果:1322ab.(2)下列向量组中,能作为平面内所有向量基底的是 B A.1(0,0)e,2(1,2)e B.1(1,2)e,2(5,7)e C.1(3,5)e,2(6,10)eD.1(2,3)e,213,24e(3)已知,AD BE分别是ABC的边BC,AC上的中线,且ADa,BEb
5、,则BC可用向量,a b表示为 .结果:2433ab.(4)已知ABC中,点D在BC边上,且2CDDB,CDrABsAC,则rs的值是 .结果:0.四、实数与向量的积实数与向量a的积是一个向量,记作a,它的长度和方向规定如下:(1)模:|aa;(2)方向:当0时,a的方向与a的方向相同,当0时,a的方向与a的方向相反,当0时,0a,注意:0a.五、平面向量的数量积1.两个向量的夹角:对于非零向量a,b,作OAa,OBb,则把(0)AOB称为向量a,b的夹角.当0时,a,b同向;当时,a,b反向;当2时,a,b垂文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文
6、档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2
7、T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O
8、7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B
9、9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2
10、P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S
11、5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E1
12、0B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9名师总结优秀知识点直.2.平面向量的数量积:如果两个非零向量a,b,它们的夹角为,我们把数量|cosab叫做a与b的数量积(或内积或点积),记作:a b,即|cosa bab.规定:零向量与任一向量的数量积是0.注:数量积是一个实数,不再是一个向量.举例 4 (1)ABC中,|3AB,|4AC,|5BC,则A BB C_.结果:9.(2)已知11
13、,2a,10,2b,cakb,dab,c与d的夹角为4,则k _.结果:1.(3)已知|2a,|5b,3a b,则|ab_.结果:23.(4)已知,a b是两个非零向量,且|abab,则a与ab的夹角为 _.结果:30.3.向量b在向量a上的投影:|cosb,它是一个实数,但不一定大于0.举例 5 已知|3a,|5b,且12a b,则向量a在向量b上的投影为_.结果:125.4.a b的几何意义:数量积a b等于a的模|a与b在a上的投影的积.5.向量数量积的性质:设两个非零向量a,b,其夹角为,则:(1)0aba b;(2)当a、b同向时,|a bab,特别地,222|aa aaaa;|a
14、bab是a、b同向的 充要分条件;当a、b反向时,|a bab,|a bab是a、b反向的 充要分条件;当为锐角时,0a b,且a、b不同向,0a b是 为锐角的 必要不充分条件;当为钝角时,0a b,且a、b不反向;0a b是 为钝角的 必要不充分条件.(3)非零向量a,b夹角的计算公式:cos|a bab;|a bab.举例 6 (1)已知(,2)a,(3,2)b,如果a与b的夹角为锐角,则的取值范围是 _.结果:43或0且13;(2)已知OFQ的面积为S,且1OFFQ,若1322S,则OF,FQ夹角 的取值范围是 _.结果:,43;文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7
15、 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9
16、文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P
17、2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5
18、O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10
19、B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C
20、2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6
21、S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9名师总结优秀知识点(3)已知(cos,sin)axx,(cos,sin)byy,且满足|3|kabakb(其中0k).用k表示a b;求a b的最小值,并求此时a与b的夹角的大小.结果:21(0)4ka bkk;最小值为12,60.六、向量的运算1.几何运算(1)向量加法运算法则:平行四边形法则;三角形法则.运 算 形
22、 式:若ABa,BCb,则 向 量AC叫 做a与b的 和,即abABBCAC;作图:略.注:平行四边形法则只适用于不共线的向量.(2)向量的减法运算法则:三角形法则.运算形式:若ABa,ACb,则abABACCA,即由减向量的终点指向被减向量的终点.作图:略.注:减向量与被减向量的起点相同.举例7 (1)化简:ABBCCD;ABADDC;()()ABCDACBD .结果:AD;CB;0;(2)若正方形ABCD的边长为 1,ABa,BCb,ACc,则|abc .结果:22;(3)若O是ABC所在平面内一点,且满足2OBOCOBOCOA,则ABC的形状为.结果:直角三角形;(4)若D为ABC的边B
23、C的中点,ABC所在平面内有一点P,满足0PABPCP,设|APPD,则 的值为 .结果:2;(5)若点O是ABC的外心,且0OAOBCO,则ABC的内角C为 .结果:120.2.坐标运算:设11(,)axy,22(,)bxy,则(1)向量的加减法运算:1212(,)abxxyy,1212(,)abxxyy.举例 8 (1)已知点(2,3)A,(5,4)B,(7,10)C,若()APABACR,则当_时,点P在第一、三象限的角平分线上.结果:12;(2)已知(2,3)A,(1,4)B,且1(sin,cos)2ABxy,,(,)22x y,则xy .结果:6或2;(3)已知作用在点(1,1)A的
24、三个力1(3,4)F,2(2,5)F,3(3,1)F,则合力文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6
25、S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E
26、10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P
27、1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1
28、E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W
29、7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM
30、2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9名师总结优秀知识点123FFFF的终点坐标是 .结果:(9,1).(2)实数与向量的积:1111(,)(,)ax yxy.(3)若11(,)A x y,22(,)B xy,则2121(,)ABxxyy,即
31、一个向量的坐标等于表示这个向量的有向线段的终点坐标减去起点坐标.举例 9 设(2,3)A,(1,5)B,且13ACAB,3ADAB,则,C D的坐标分别是_.结果:11(1,),(7,9)3.(4)平面向量数量积:1212a bx xy y.举例 10 已知向量(sin,cos)axx,(sin,sin)bxx,(1,0)c.(1)若3x,求向量a、c的夹角;(2)若3,84x,函数()fxa b的最大值为12,求 的值.结果:(1)150;(2)12或21.(5)向量的模:222222|aaxyaxy.举例 11 已知,a b均为单位向量,它们的夹角为60,那么|3|ab .结果:13.(6
32、)两点间的距离:若11(,)A x y,22(,)B xy,则222121|()()ABxxyy.举例 12 如图,在平面斜坐标系xOy中,60 xOy,平面上任一点P关于斜坐标系的斜坐标是这样定义的:若12OPxeye,其中12,e e分别为与x轴、y轴同方向的单位向量,则P点斜坐标为(,)x y.(1)若点P的斜坐标为(2,2),求P到O的距离|PO;(2)求以O为圆心,1 为半径的圆在斜坐标系xOy中的方程.结果:(1)2;(2)2210 xyxy.七、向量的运算律1.交换律:abba,()()aa,a bb a;2.结合律:()abcabc,()abcabc,()()()a ba ba
33、b;3.分配律:()aaa,()abab,()abca cb c.举例13 给出下列命题:()abca ba c;()()ab ca bc;222()|2|abaabb;若0a b,则0a或0b;若a bc b则ac;22|aa;2a bbaa;222()a bab;222()2abaa bb.其中正确的是 .结果:.说明:(1)向量运算和实数运算有类似的地方也有区别:对于一个Oxy60文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E
34、6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7
35、E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2
36、P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H
37、1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5
38、W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:C
39、M2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD
40、3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9名师总结优秀知识点向量等式,可以移项,两边平方、两边同乘以一个实数,两边同时取模,两边同乘以一个向量,但不能两边同除以一个向量,即两边不能约去一个向量,切记两向量不能相除(相约);(2)向量的“乘法”不满足结合律,即()()ab ca bc,为什么?八、向量平行(共线)的充要条件221212/()(|)0aba ba babx yy x.举例 14 (1)若向量(,1)ax,(4,)bx,当x_时,a与b共线且方向相同.结果:2.(2)已知(1,1)a,(4,)bx,2
41、uab,2vab,且/uv,则x .结果:4.(3)设(,12)PAk,(4,5)PB,(10,)PCk,则k _时,,A B C共线.结果:2或 11.九、向量垂直的充要条件12120|0aba bababx xy y.特别地|ABACABACABACABAC.举例 15 (1)已知(1,2)OA,(3,)OBm,若O A O B,则m .结果:32m;(2)以原点O和(4,2)A为两个顶点作等腰直角三角形OAB,90B,则点B的坐标是 .结果:(1,3)或(3,1);(3)已知(,)na b向量nm,且|nm,则m的坐标是 .结果:(,)ba或(,)b a.十、线段的定比分点1.定义:设点
42、P是直线12PP上异于1P、2P的任意一点,若存在一个实数,使12PPPP,则实数叫做点P分有向线段12PP所成的比,P点叫做有向线段12PP的以定比为的定比分点.2.的符号与分点P的位置之间的关系(1)P内分线段12PP,即点P在线段12PP上0;(2)P外分线段12PP时,点P在线段12PP的延长线上1,点P在线段12PP的反向延长线上10.注:若点P分有向线段12PP所成的比为,则点P分有向线段2 1P P所成的比为1.举例 16若点P分AB所成的比为34,则A分BP所成的比为 .结果:73.3.线段的定比分点坐标公式:文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5
43、W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:C
44、M2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD
45、3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5
46、A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码
47、:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3
48、HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 Z
49、K5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9文档编码:CM2P1C2P2T3 HD3H1E6S5O7 ZK5A5W7E10B9名师总结优秀知识点设111(,)P xy,222(,)P xy,点(,)P x y分有向线段12PP所成的比为,则定比分点坐标公式为1212,1(1).1xxxyyy.特别地,当1时,就得到线段12PP的中点坐标公式1212,2.2xxxyyy说明:(1)在使用定比分点的坐标公式时,应明确(,)x y,11(,)xy、22(,)x
50、y的意义,即分别为分点,起点,终点的坐标.(2)在具体计算时应根据题设条件,灵活地确定起点,分点和终点,并根据这些点确定对应的定比.举例 17(1)若(3,2)M,(6,1)N,且13MPMN,则点P的坐标为.结果:7(6,)3;(2)已知(,0)A a,(3,2)Ba,直线12yax与线段AB交于M,且2AMMB,则a .结果:或4.十一、平移公式如果点(,)P x y按向量(,)ah k平移至(,)P x y,则,.xx hyy k;曲线(,)0f x y按向量(,)ah k平移得曲线(,)0f xh yk.说明:(1)函数按向量平移与平常“左加右减”有何联系?(2)向量平移具有坐标不变性