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1、21首字母填空-上海市2021年中考英语真题&模拟卷分题型分类汇编一.首字母阅读填空(共18小题)1. (2021宝山区二模)Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给) What is laughter?Laughter is natural for people. We start to laugh at about four months of age. We start to laugh even before we start to spea
2、k!Laughter is social. It connects us with other people. We laugh more when we are with other people. Studies find that we are 30 times more likely to laugh with others than when we are a (1) , When one person laughs, other people begin to laugh, too.It is difficult to pretend. Laughter is h (2) . Tr
3、y to laugh right now. Its difficult, isn，t it? When people pretend to laugh, most people know its not real. Studies show that people don，t like the sound of fake (虚假的)laughter.When do people laugh?Only 10 to 20 percent of laughter is about something funny. Most laughter is about being friendly with
4、other people. Most laughter says I don，t want to compete with you. I like to be with you.，z This kind of laughter brings people t (3) .We often laugh when we feel n (4) . At the beginning of the meeting, someone often tells a joke. Its usually a small joke, but we laugh a lot. Our laughter helps us
5、relax.What is funny?Some things are funny because we don，t e (5) them. When a joke begins, we already have an idea about the end. We think we know the end, but then the joke ends in a different way. The end of the joke surprises us. It makes us laugh.Silly things are sometimes funny. We laugh at jok
6、es about people and their m(6) because we know something they don，t know. We think we are better than they are.Not everyone has the same sense of humor (幽默感).Some people think a joke is funny, but other people don，t think so. People have different idea about what is funny. For young children, the wo
7、rld is new. Many things surprise them, so they laugh a lot. Teenagers often worry about what others think of them. They laugh to p (7) themselves. Teenagers laugh when they feel embarrassed. Adults laugh at things that give them stress. Our reasons for laughter change over time.2. (2021青浦区二模)Read th
8、e passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)What is Earth Hour?第1页共36页If you have a picnic table, that will work best. If not, set up a few chairs and a small table for food and drinks. A simple choice is to spread a blanket in the sun so that your friends
9、can eat and talk. Be sure the grass isn，t (6) w.Plan activities and make (7) m.Plan some activities. You can raise your voice with traditional camping songs that most kids learn in school. Just be careful not to wake up the neighbors. Telling stories is full of fun as well. Have a camera nearby to t
10、ake silly photos of you, your family members and friends. Take one large group shot with everyone smiling and laughing. Be sure to make copies for everyone! 13.(2021闵彳亍区二模)Stomach flu is a common disease. It spreads easily, which makes it hardto avoid. That，s (De true if someone in your family has i
11、t. Stomach flu is caused by a virus, but not the same one that causes regular flu. Because it，s caused by a virus, there，s no medicine to make it go away. But there are some things you can do to avoid catching it.You can (2) p stomach flu by washing your hands often. Use hot water and soap, and spen
12、d time scrubbing. Using hand sanitizer is better than nothing but it isn，t very effective against stomach flu. That* s because hand sanitizer mostly kills bacteria, not viruses.The virus that causes stomach flu is hard to kill.Normal cleaners wont always work. But cleaning your house can stop you fr
13、om catching it. So put bleach (消毒水)and water together, and use that to clean surfaces. If someone in your family is sick, (3) r to clean things that person has touched.Dishwashers are better at killing viruses than washing dishes by hand. Thats because they keep dishes hotter for longer. Many viruse
14、s can stay (4) a in your washing machine. So do laundry with hot water and use bleach, if possible. You may even want to run the washing machine with no clothes, just hot water and bleach. This will kill any germs in it.If you do get the stomach flu, drink as much water as possible. Other clear (5)
15、1 are good, too. You probably won，t want to eat much. But when you do feel ready to eat, try bananas, rice, apple sauce or toast.Once you，re feeling better, don，t return to work or school right away. You can (6) s spread the disease for a few days after you feel better. If you have a fever, wait at
16、least 24 hours after it ends before going out.This will help protect other people from getting sick. Stomach flu is awful, but by (7) f these tips, you can help stop it from spreading. 14.(2021 静安区二模)Tourism has become a huge industry. Tourists make millions of foreign tripsa year, twice as (1 )m as
17、 20 years ago. Its now the largest employer on Earth. Clearly, it can do great good, but it can also do great damage.Its true that tourism has brought benefits to many areas of the world that were very第10页共36页 poor. However, mass tourism also has some bad (2) e . Local culture and customs change as
18、more tourists arrive. Too much tourism damages the environment. And more and more tourists are behaving badly.Complaints from local people are growing. In cities such as Barcelona or Venice residents say that too many tourists arrive on cruise ships ( 游轮). As a result, town centres are overcrowded.
19、They tell stories about (3) n parties that keep people awake all night.In famous beauty spots, where tourist money was welcomed, people are now worried about the damage tourists do to the environment.Of course, many tourists enjoy the benefits of tourism in a responsible way. They choose holidays th
20、at support the local economy and they respect the local culture and the environment. Environmentally friendly tourism, or eco - tourism, is becoming more (4) p .Responsible tourist behaviour is necessary, but it isn，t enough to solve the problem. Many people now believe that governments should contr
21、ol how many visitors enter their country. They believe they should (5) 1 the number of cruise ships that use their ports and should not allow too many hotel developments.(6) U , governments are in a difficult situation. Tourism brings in a lot of money and this helps them (7) i life for the local pe
22、ople.However, some governments are beginning to understand that too much tourism can be bad for the local population and the environment. They，ve taken some measures to promote environmentally friendly tourism.There may still be hope.15. (2021 奉贤区二模)The Double Eleven Shopping Festival is one of the
23、largest shoppingfestivals in China.Last year, the festival went on for eleven days. Alibaba alone saw 498. 2 billion yuan in trade.Many people believe such large shopping festivals can help them (1) s lots of money.After all, many stores do discount (打折) their goods. But if you take a second look at
24、 the salesprices, you 11 find that many of them end in 9or 99 In our everyday lives, we (2)r say, “Just give me 5. 99 minutes, Its not common to say, “Just give me 59 minutes, either. We aremore likely to say, “Just give me 6 minutes andJust give me 60 minutes. z，Why do stores prefer the other way r
25、ound?第11页共36页The strategy (策略) is based on the (3) f that we read from left to right. On a price tag, the number on the far left impresses us the most. So, even though 5. 99 yuan is very (4) c to 6 yuan, its the5 that impresses us. A product that sells for 5. 99 yuan just seems like a better deal th
26、an a similar one that sells for 6 yuan.In a 2016 study, Hibett, a professor of marketing asked a clothing company to (5) r the price of one of the dresses from $ 34 to $ 39. He and his colleagues all thought fewer people would buy the dress. The result, however, (6) s them. Demand (需求) increased by
27、a third. Increasing the price from $ 34 to $ 44 made no difference at all.So be (7) c with prices that end in9 or 99 They may make you spend more money!16. (2021黄:甫区二模)One day Sam and Jerry were going home from school. When on turning a comer,Sam cried out, A fight! Let us go and see!”No, said Jerry
28、, “let us go quietly home! We have nothing to do with it and may get into(1) t.“You are a coward (月目小鬼) and afraid to go, said Sam, and off he ran.Jerry went (2) s home, and in the afternoon went to school as usual. But Sam had told all the boys that Jerry was a coward, and they laughed at him a lot
29、. Jerry had learned that sometimes its unnecessary to (3) a with others and that he ought to be afraid of nothing but doing wrong.A few days later, Sam was swimming with some schoolmates and suddenly he felt a sharp pain in the leg. He struggled and screamed for help, but there was no (4) r. The boy
30、s who had called Jerry a coward got out of the water as fast as they could, but they did not even try to help him.Sam was fast sinking when Jerry threw off his clothes and sprang into the water. He (5) r Sam just as he was sinking the last time. With great (6) e and with much dangerto himself, he br
31、ought Sam to the shore and thus saved his life.Sam and his schoolmates were (7) s to call Jerry a coward. They finally realized thathe was braver than any of them. Never be afraid to do good, but always fear to do evil.17. (2021 上海)Its 5： 00 a m! A morning call wakes up Marco. He doesn，t get up so (
32、De athome in Los Angeles. Well, maybe to eat breakfast once in a while but never to herd (放 牧) cows and sheep!But Marco isnt at home. He is in Africa, on the grasslands of Kenya (肯第12页共36页尼亚).He is living with the herdsmen.z，Life is very different in Kenya. People live a (2)p life here on the grassl
33、ands. They can，t afford TVs, cars or mobile phones. They make a living mainly by herding cows and sheep, Marco says.Marco, s trip to Africa isn，t a (3) h . It，s part of the school project for biology course at Sunshine School.The school hopes the students will have more life experiences.They have ne
34、ver been to Africa. Kenya is a country which is (4) c new to the students from Los Angeles. When the students get there, they put on local clothing. Boys herd cows. Girls collect firewood and water. Families depend on their cows. As a result, the herdsmen and the students have to (5) m from one area
35、 to another so that the cows have more grass to eat.Now in Los Angeles, Kenya is on the minds of the students at Sunshine School all year. Disasters have killed many cows in Kenya, so the students decide to raise money to (6) b cows for the local people. Each cow costs about $ 100. One cow means mor
36、e to the health of a family than money, “says Marco. Here we are rally giving life.A cow will give a kid milk every day. The school wants to give the students a different way of thinking. Helping the herdsmen in Kenya is just the first (7) s . Next, the students will try to discover ways to give a h
37、and to those in Los Angeles who need help.18. (2021杨浦区二模)Fill in the blanks with the proper words.Read the comments about changes in the future. How much do you agree with them?The days, some people work at home one or two days a week instead of going to an office every day. I think in the future a
38、lot more people will work from home all the time. And the number of offices will decrease. Its sad, because people will lose most of their (1) s skills like the ability to connect to others.There won，t be any paper books in the future. They might disappear (2) c if you want to read books, you will h
39、ave to download them to a portable e - reader. It will hold hundreds of your favourite books. Some e - readers might also be waterproof. So you can use them when you are having a bath or a (3) s.I think the number of people on the planet will continue to (4) i. There，11 be less space, so well need t
40、o change the way we live. Maybe well live underground, or maybe lots of people will live together in a single house. Its horrible! Life will definitely get (5) w than it is now!Our house might be (6) s in the future. If theres an emergency, it will automatically send a message to the police or call
41、for an ambulance. Our第13页共36页 house might also control the heating and the air - conditioning, so we 11 never feel too hot or too cold.Driverless cars are a new thing at the moment, but I think in the future it will be common to have one. I think it11 be a good and safe thing, because we won，t have
42、so many road (7) a. Maybe we will stop using petrol, too. That would be good.第14页共36页参考答案与试题解析一.首字母阅读填空(共18小题)(2021宝山区二模)Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给) What is laughter?Laughter is natural for people. We start to laugh at about four mon
43、ths of age. We start to laugh even before we start to speak!Laughter is social. It connects us with other people. We laugh more when we are with other people. Studies find that we are 30 times more likely to laugh with others than when we are a (1) lone , When one person laughs, other people begin t
44、o laugh, too.It is difficult to pretend. Laughter is h (2) onest . Try to laugh right now. It s difficult, isnt it? When people pretend to laugh, most people know its not real. Studies show that people don，t like the sound of fake (虚假的)laughter.When do people laugh?Only 10 to 20 percent of laughter
45、is about something funny. Most laughter is about being friendly with other people. Most laughter says I don，t want to compete with you. I like to be with you. This kind of laughter brings people t (3) ogether .We often laugh when we feel n (4) ervous . At the beginning of the meeting, someone often
46、tells a joke. It，s usually a small joke, but we laugh a lot. Our laughter helps us relax.What is funny?Some things are funny because we dont e (5) xpect them. When a joke begins, we already have an idea about the end. We think we know the end, but then the joke ends in a. different way. The end of t
47、he joke surprises us. It makes us laugh.Silly things are sometimes funny. We laugh at jokes about people and their m (6)istakesbecause we know something they don，t know. We think we are better than they are.Not everyone has the same sense of humor (幽默感).Some people think a joke is funny, but other p
48、eople don，t think so. People have different idea about what is funny. For young children, the world is new. Many things surprise them, so they laugh a lot. Teenagers often worry about what others think of them. They laugh to p (7) rotect themselves. Teenagers laugh when they feel embarrassed. Adults
49、 laugh at things that give them stress. Our reasons for laughter change over time.【解答】(1) alone ,考查形容词；根据语境：研究发现我们在和别人一起笑是我们一个人的时候的的 30倍。，首字母是a,根据语境可知填alone.(2) honest ,考查形容词，根据语境很难装。笑是老实的。，故答案是honest.第15页共36页(3) together ,考查动词词组，根据语境：这种笑是可以把人们团结起来的。bring together是动词 短语，意为团结起来，使在一起。故答案是together.(4) nervous ,考查形容词，根据语境：当我们感到紧张的时候