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1、2023年高考复习阅读理解总分值考点考点5.主旨要义之文章大意一练高考一心中有数1.2022年全国甲卷之C篇As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins （企鹅） longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever si
2、nce her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career （职业）as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.After taki
3、ng a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the souther
4、nmost tip of the South American mainland. I just decided I wanted to go J she says. I had no idea about what Id find there and I wasnt nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers shed never met be
5、fore, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,“ Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehi
6、storic creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.28. Which of the following best explains take the plunge
7、“ underlined in paragraph 2?A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.C. Bring back lost memories.D. Stick to a promise.29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?A. Lovely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.C. A discount fare.D. A friends invitation.30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica
8、after the journey?A. It could be a home for her.B. It should be easily accessible.C It should be well preserved.D. It needs to be fully introduced.31. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream.B. An unforgettable experience.C. Sailing around the world.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.【答案】28
9、.A29. C 30. C 31. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望 探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。28. A 词句猜想题。根据第二段戈ij线词前文“Throughout her career（职业）as a professional dancer, she toured in6.2018年全国I卷之C篇Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent ti
10、mes there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联 系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten mill
11、ion people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spre
12、ad of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The
13、 distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and
14、 the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消
15、 亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we
16、infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B.They were largeinnumber.C. They had similar patterns.D.They were closelyconnected.29. Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex.B.Advanced.C. Powerful.D.Modern.30. How many languages
17、 are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?A. About 6,800B. About 3,400C. About 2,400D. About 1,20031. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines la
18、nguage evolution.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的开展人类语言越来越少及其原因。28.B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhap
19、s 12,000 languages between them.可知,当世界以依靠狩猎为生 的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一 千万时，语言种类到达了 12000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。应选B。29.C 猜想词义题。根据文章第二段中的 dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为： 强有力的语言。应选C。30.B
20、 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和 The median number （中位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.应选 Bo31.C 主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句 Languages have been coming and
21、 going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. nJ知，语言的产生和消失进行 了 几千 年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。应选7.2018年全国HI卷之B篇Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to
22、 get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow fro
23、m nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness（荒野）.But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. P
24、eople went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche（雪崩）once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, howe
25、ver, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, th
26、e gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go - to see where the Can
27、adian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City its present population is 762.24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A. Its business culture.B. Its small population.C. Its geographical position.D. Its favourable climate.25. What do we know about those who f
28、irst dug for gold in Dawson?A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.B. One out of five people got rich.C. Almost everyone gave up.D. Half of them died.26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A. They found the city too crowded.B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C. They were un
29、able to stand the winter.D. They were short of food.27. What is the text mainly about?A. The rise and fall of a city.B. The gold rush in Canada.C. Journeys into the wilderness.D. Tourism in Dawson.【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 Dawson这座城市的开展原因、过程与现状。24.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中 Cities usually have a good reason for b
30、eing where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. 可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大 港口，故纽
31、约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。25.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句 Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有 4000 人变富有， 所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确。26.B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中 and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, t
32、hey left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.可知，人们离开 Dawson 的主要原因是听说在 Alaska 发现 了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。27.A主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市开展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该 城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市 的开展起伏。故A正确。8.2018年江苏卷之D篇Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media fo
33、r their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.It found many youngsters（少年）now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through likes”. Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their image on the web.The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carrie
34、d out by Childrens Commissioner （专员）Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.Some social apps were popular among the children even th
35、ough they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends一and friends of friends to demand likes“ for their online posts.The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they
36、did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.Children aged 8 to 10 were starting to feel happy when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were concerned with how many people like their posts* suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets str
37、onger the older they become.Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media.She
38、said: Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.HAs their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves t
39、o others online in a way that was hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves1.Miss Longfield added: HThen there is this push to connect-if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you
40、 show that you dont care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.” *For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally.n The Childrens Commissioner for Englands studylife in Likesfound that children as young as 8 were using social media pl
41、atforms largely for play.However, the research-involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12-suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.By the time they started secondary school一at age 11 children were already far more aware of their image online a
42、nd felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities（名人）or more brilliant friends online. The report said they al
43、so faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day-especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.The Childrens Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield（雷区）they faced online. And she said social media
44、 companies must also ntake more responsibility1*. They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.Javed Khan, of childrens charity Bamardos, said: Its vital that new compulsory age- appropr
45、iate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.“Its also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.65. Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?A. They were not pro
46、vided with adequate equipment.B. They were not well prepared for emotional risks.C. They were required to give quick responses.D. They were prevented from using mobile phones.66. Some social app companies were to blame because .A. they didnt adequately check their users* registrationB. they organize
47、d photo trips to attract more youngstersC. they encouraged youngsters to post more photosD. they didnt stop youngsters from staying up late67. Childrens comparing themselves to others online may lead to .A. less friendliness to each otherB. lower self-identity and confidenceC. an increase in online
48、cheatingD. a stronger desire to stay online68. According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to .A. circulate their posts quicklyB. know the qualities of their postsC. use mobile phones for playD. get more public approval69. What should parents do to solve the problem?A. Com
49、municate more with secondary schools.B. Urge media companies to create safer apps.C. Keep track of childrens use of social media.D. Forbid their children from visiting the web.70. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The influence of social media on children.B. The importance of social media to children.C. The