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1、备战高考概要写作之i筱受理论指导及实战演练0要点精析记叙文概要写作技巧记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),为 什么做(why),结果怎么样(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。假设 是夹叙夹议的文章，还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。1 .叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、 事件和影响或后果。2 .写人的记叙文(Description)。写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词(所
2、谓关键词是 文中反复出现的表达主题或关联的词)。记叙文概要写作模板记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文 章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when, where, who, what, why, howo在这六个要素中，所占 内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：记叙文：what / who / when / where / why / howWho did what by.because.当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why,有时两者选其一即可。 times were tough, and Shawn, who w
3、orked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that placing Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.“She was very emotional about that time, to the point where it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened J Vincent says.(11) Now the brothers had the chance
4、to make up for lost time. They decided Co meet at a local tea shop that week.(12) One of Vincenfs concerns was that Kieron might resent his birth family fbr placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didnt, and that hed grown up in a loving family.(13) Since that first meeting, the brothers ha
5、ve bonded even more. They play football together and celebrated Christmas with their families. WeUl keep growing our relationship until its time to leave this planet/9 says Vincent. That shouldnt be hard. As Kieron says, “Weve got years and years to catch up on.”【解析指导】Main idea本文讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。文章
6、前半局部主要讲Kieron如何通过基 因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥Vincent,后半局部讲述了他们重聚之后的往来，以及迅 速建立感情。1. Text structure全文可以划分为三个局部：-第一局部：Kieron通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥。-第二局部：Kieron的妈妈为什么放弃他，让别人领养他。(11)-第三局部：Kieron和哥哥重聚后，迅速建立感情。3. Mind mapWriting procedureStep 1：细读全文，明确主题。本文主要是讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。Step 2：划分要点。记叙文注意是找 who / what / whe
7、n / where / why / howwho： Kieronwhat: found his brother Vincentwhen/why:文中划线处where:无需强调how: through an AncestryDNA test and FacebookStep 3：标主题句或关键词。已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。Step 4：概括。4. Summary writingKieron, given up for adoption reluctantly by his mother when he was a baby, found his brother Vincent through
8、 an AncestryDNA test and Facebook. Surprisingly, they lived quite close to each other and studied the same subjects in the same university. After their first meeting, the two brothers quickly bonded and would enhance their relationship in the years to come. (60 words)演练2Directions: Read the followin
9、g three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.On an October afternoon last year, James Vernon, 76, was supervising a youth chess club meeting in a conference room in the Morton Public Library in Morton,
10、Illinois. About 16 kids, aged seven to twelve, quietly faced off at two horizontal rows of tables, and James walked from pair to pair, overseeing the matches and offering tips. Four mothers sat off to the side, waiting for their kids to finish the weekly hour-long session.Suddenly, a stocky teenager
11、 wearing glasses burst through the door at the front of the room JTm gonna kill some people!1 he yelled.At first, James, who was standing in the aisle between the tables, thought the bizarre sight was a Halloween prank, but then he saw the five-inch hunting knives that the teenager was holding in ea
12、ch hand. The teen, whom police later identified as Dustin Brown, 19, shouted incoherently and began cutting his left forearm with one of die knives. HAs soon as T saw those knives and he started shouting, I knew this wasnt a prank/9 says James. UI thought I canft let something terrible happen.1James
13、, a former computer-systems architect, spent 44 months in the US Army from 1962 to 1966. He had been trained in hand-to-hand combat, but he decided not to do that and to attempt to calm the boy instead by talking to him. ”Hey, who are you?” “Where do you go to school? Whafs the problem?* James asked
14、 the boy. Lets talk about this. Ill listen/1“My life is terrible, Dustin replied as he peered down at the floor and continued to cut his ann. While James talked to Dustin on one side of the room, Sandy Rassi, 40, the mother of three of the chess students, stood up on the other side. When she heard J
15、ames say, Its about time for these kids to head home,1 she motioned silently for the children to quietly leave the room one by one.When Dustin finally looked up, he saw that the chairs were empty, and he lunged at James.“I think he attacked me because I was the only one left/9 says James.Dustin swun
16、g the knife toward the mans neck and face, but James caught the blade with his left hand. With his hand bleeding, James continued to fight. He grabbed the necklace Dustin was wearing with his right hand and jerked him forward. Then James pinned the boy onto a table on his left side, hitting the righ
17、t side of his collarbone with his uninjured fist. nI was trying to get him to drop the knives, says James.It worked. Dustin let go of both weapons, and James kept the attacker under control until Morton police officers arrived a few minutes later.【参考答案】On an October afternoon last year, James Vernon
18、 was holding a chess class in a conference room, where 16 kids was having the matches under James Vernons guide. A teenager broke into the room suddenly and wanted to kill some people. When James Vernon saw him holding the hunting knives, he tried to conciliate the boy by talking to him and then he
19、motioned others to leave the room. When the boy saw the only one person left, he started to attack James Vernon. Although he was badly hurt, James Vernon controlled the attacker at last because he once served the Army.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述去年10月的一个下午，詹姆斯弗农(James Vernon) 正在给孩子们上象棋课，一个十几岁的少年突然闯入房间，想杀
20、人。起初，詹姆斯,弗农试 图和男孩说话来安抚他，然后他示意其他人离开房间。当男孩看到只剩一个人时，他开始攻 击詹姆斯弗农。虽然詹姆斯弗农伤势严重，但詹姆斯弗农最终在警察到来之前控制住了袭击者。【详解】1 要点摘录On an October afternoon last year, James Vernon, 76, was supervising a youth chess club meeting in a conference room in the Morton Public Library in Morton, Illinois. About 16 kids, aged seven t
21、o twelve, quietly faced off at two horizontal rows of tables, and James walked from pair to pair, overseeing the matches and offering tips.Suddenly, a stocky teenager wearing glasses burst through the door at the front of the room Im gonna kill some people! he yelled.He had been trained in hand-to-h
22、and combat, but he decided not to do that and to attempt to calm the boy instead by talking to him.With his hand bleeding, James continued to fight.Dustin let go of both weapons, and James kept the attacker under control until Morton police officers arrived a few minutes later.2缜密构思将第1、2,、3三个要点进行重组，
23、将第4、5两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句On an October afternoon last year, James Vernon was having a chess class for his 16 students, who were having matches with the guide of James Vernons.A teenager who wanted to kill some people broke into the room suddenly.James Vernon was badly hurt, but he controlled the attacker
24、 at last as he was in uniform.【点睛】高分句型 1 ： On an October afternoon last year, James Vernon was holding a chess class in a conference room, where 16 kids was having the matches under James Vernons guide.运用一个 复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中where引导的定语从句表达高 级。高分句型 2： When James Vernon saw him holding the hun
25、ting knives, he tried to conciliate the boy by talking to him and then he motioned others to leave the room. 用 when 弓| 导时间状语 从句对第四、五段进行了概括，加上see sb. doing的结构等表达非常高级。演练3Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words
26、. Use your own words as far as possible.NOT long ago, I was at a state conference with a group preparing for a week of meetings. I w alkedinto the room where a handful of volunteers were busy collating （装订整理）handouts. I asked if I could help. One of the ladies politely said Oh, no, thank you“ and of
27、fered me a chair to just sit while they worked.Then, another volunteer came into the room, saw me sitting there doing nothing and said:“ Hey,Larry, come on over here. Theres work to do, and you can help. He put a couple of chairs togeth er, placed two stacks of handouts on them and instructed: OK, t
28、he left sheet goes on top of the right one.Fine. I can handle that,“ I said. And just like that, I was now part of the team.This member of the group saw that my disability did not mean an inability to help. Later, I th ankedhim for having included me, and asked what motivated his action. He said: We
29、ll, I figured with one more set of hands wed finish more quickly. T was just using common sense.”Im sure that the kind folks who initially turned down my offer of help did not mean to offen dme. It just seemed more appropriate to them to say No, thank you“ than to stop their work and try and figure
30、out how to include me. And thats the real issue here. Too often, people with disabilities are excluded - within their community or within a social setting - because of their disability and not because of their inability.Its important for all of us to feel part of the group and to feel that we belong
31、. It9s important t o ourself-esteem. And it is even more important for people with disabilities. Inclusion means we areaccepted, appreciated and valued as a full and equal member of the group. It sends a message that states: To us, your abilities are more important than your disability.Summary：The a
32、rticle is about the authors experience of being treated differently when he tried to offer help as a disabled volunteer for a state conference. Turned down because of his disability in the first case, he was later treated equally and included in the working team. The article shows disabled people do
33、 not necessarily lack the abilities to do things.点睛：讲到记叙文，当然要关注记叙文的几要素，如时间，地点，人物，时间的起因，经过, 开展，高潮，结尾等等。记叙文中的conflict,比方自我的冲突（曾经的我和现在的我，表 象的我和内心的我），人和人（社会）的冲突，人与自然的冲突等。这篇文章中，也有冲突, 冲突让时间的开展产生戏剧效果（dramatize）。这里的冲突主要表现在，作者想要帮助但被 拒绝，之后又被另一人接受；记叙文通常会传递一个message,也是作者写作的意图：abili ties are more important than
34、disabilities.厂保存：When? Where? Who? What? Why? How?要点 J删除细节u删除具体例子（引用一两个说明问题即可）1）提炼 匚I避船重售同义转换：近义词、同义词等替换句子重构：调整词类、时态、语态等2）语言j 3）衔接（照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接）课堂典例课堂典例例文1：The Renaissance (15th to 16th century)(1) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. Peo
35、ple began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their ownpaintings, so they could
36、decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions, as well as their activities and achievements.(2) One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was
37、first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in the wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints we
38、re also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.Step 1.Determine the type of writing and identify the topic as well a
39、s the authors purpose确定体裁，明确主题体裁：记叙文- dmW/ rt-x-ttnStep 2Divide the passage & summarize the main idea of each part明确文章结构Para 1Topic sentence:Idea 1:Idea 2:Para 2Topic Sentence:Information about perspective:Step 3Highlight the key information of each partpara 1Topic Sentence:“During the Renaissance,
40、new ideas and values gradually replaced .”Idea 1: People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.”Idea 2: At the same time painters returned to classical . people and nature as they really were.”Example: Rich people wanted to .”Step 4.Make an outlin
41、e of the passageStep 5. Write the first draftJ删除细节Topic Sentence:During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages.Rewrite:In the Renaissance, new viewpoints were in place of those hundreds years ago. 同义转换Idea 1:People began to concentrate less on religiou
42、s themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.Rewrite：Firstly, people focused more on humanistic themes father than religious ones.r 衔接词句型转变Idea 2:At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art.Rewrite：Secondly, painters returned to classical ideas which were
43、 focused on real people andThey tried to paint people and nature as they really were.nature.Step 6, Revise the summaryPeople had new viewpoints during the Renaissance. People focused more on humanistic themes rather than religious ones. Meanwhile, painters preferred the classical ideas and painted r
44、eal people and nature. (29 words)The perspective proposed by Masaccio in 1428 became the typical painting characteristic in that period. With the development of oil paints, people felt like seeing reality through a hole. (29 words)例文2：(1) There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt (topic sentenc
45、e)In the early 16th century, people|thought |that dirt on the skin was a means to block out diseaseas medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the ba
46、th houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of dis
47、ease, the nobleman should not go out.(2) Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking,| cleaning away dirt is good to healthClean water supply and hand washing are practical means of pr
48、eventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?(3) Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely (owadays Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.