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1、精选资料.可修改编辑1/32 中药学专业知识一中药化学全面总结一、总论：1、各章结构概述（重要）名称结构生物碱含氮有机化合物糖多羟基醛或酮苷配糖体。糖类与非糖物质端基碳链接的物质醌具不饱和酮的化合物苯丙素类C6C3单元的化合物香豆素苯骈吡喃酮木脂素2 分子 C6C3 结构构成黄酮C6C3C6 结构萜甲戊二羟酸衍生；2 个以上异戊二烯单位皂苷甾族化合物或三萜化合物甾体环戊烷骈多氢菲的甾体母核有机酸含COOH 的化合物鞣质多元酚类2、溶剂极性：水甲醇乙醇丙酮正丁醇 乙酸乙酯 乙醚氯仿苯四氯化碳 石油醚精选资料.可修改编辑2/32 二、生物碱生物碱存在于：毛茛科、马前科、茄科、豆科、罂粟科、防己科、
2、吴茱萸属、小檗科。助记：“宝马别逗罂粟，防己终于小破”代表化合物结构总结药物生物碱结构分类苦参苦参碱 和氧化苦参碱，此外还含有羟基苦参碱、N-甲基金雀花碱、安娜吉碱、巴普叶碱和去氢苦参碱（苦参烯碱）等双稠哌啶类山豆根苦参碱 和氧化苦参碱，此外还含微量甲基金雀花碱、槐果碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱、鹰爪豆碱等。双稠哌啶类（喹诺里西啶类）麻黄麻黄碱 和伪麻黄碱 为主。此外还含少量的甲基麻黄碱、甲基伪麻黄碱和去甲基麻黄碱、去甲基伪麻黄碱。（盐酸麻黄碱）有机胺类黄连小檗碱、巴马丁、黄连碱、甲基黄连碱、药根碱和木兰碱（盐酸小檗碱）异喹啉类（原小檗碱）延胡索延胡索甲素、延胡索乙素 和去氢延胡索甲素等异喹啉类防己
3、汉防已甲素（粉防己碱）、汉防己乙素（防己诺林碱）苄基异喹啉（双苄基异喹啉类）川乌乌头碱、次乌头碱、和新乌头碱二萜类生物碱洋金花莨菪碱（阿托品）、山莨菪碱、东莨菪碱、樟柳碱（硫酸阿托品、氢溴酸东莨菪碱）莨菪烷类天仙子莨菪碱 和东莨菪碱莨菪烷类马钱子士的宁（番木鳖碱）和马钱子碱吲哚类千里光千里光宁碱、千里光菲宁碱及痕量的阿多尼弗林碱 等；同时还含有黄酮苷等成分吡咯里西啶类雷公藤雷公藤甲素（二萜、非生物碱）、雷公藤碱、雷公藤次碱、雷公藤宁碱等；苯乙烯南蛇碱、呋喃南蛇碱、苯代南蛇碱等倍半萜大环内酯生物碱；精眯类生物碱中药活性中药成分活性苦参苦参碱总生物碱消肿利尿、抗肿瘤、抗病原体等山豆根麻黄麻黄碱能增
4、加汗腺及唾液腺的分泌，缓解平滑肌痉挛黄连小檗碱抗菌、抗病毒延胡索延胡索乙素具有较强的阵痛作用，醋制后生物碱转化为可溶的盐，可使生物碱的总溶出量比生品高近1倍，从而增加了镇痛作用。文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:C
5、C4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 H
6、F5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO
7、6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码
8、:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3
9、 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4
10、ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1文档编码:CC4X2W10E3T3 HF5O2M9R9D4 ZO6N1L8A4N1精选资料.可修改编辑3/32 防己汉防已甲素抗心肌缺血、抑制血小板聚集、解痉抗炎、抗溃
11、疡、保肝等作用汉防己乙素抗炎镇痛、降压、抗肿瘤作用洋金花莨菪碱（阿托品）解痉镇痛、解有机磷中毒和散瞳作用东莨菪碱同上+镇静、麻醉天仙子同洋金花雷公藤具有抗炎、免疫抑制、抗肿瘤、抗生育等活性中药毒性和不良反应中药成分毒性川乌双酯型生物碱毒性较强，0.2mg即可中毒，24mg即可致人死亡。其药物引起的不良反应主要涉及神经系统及心血管系统马钱子士的宁、马钱子碱毒性（士的宁是主要的有效成分，亦是有毒成分，成人用量510mg 可发生中毒现象，30mg 可致死）千里光千里光具有肝、肾毒性和胚胎毒性。中国药典以阿多尼弗林碱为指标成分进行定量测定，含量不得过 0.004%雷公藤毒副作用主要表现在胃肠道症状、白
12、细胞和血小板减少、女性闭经、生育功能受损等川乌毒性大小：双酯型乌头碱 单酯型乌头碱无酯键的醇胺型生物碱鉴别显色反应：了解即可，不要求掌握。三、糖和苷大纲要求：1、糖的分类。2、常见单糖和二糖的结构特征。3、糖的氧化反应、羟基反应、羰基反应。4、苷类化合物分类及结构特征。5、苷的水解反应。单糖结构分类总结分类代表化合物五碳醛糖D-木糖、L-阿拉伯糖、D-核糖六碳醛糖D-葡萄糖、D-甘露糖、D-半乳糖甲基五碳醛糖D-鸡纳糖、L-鼠李糖、D-夫糖文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5
13、K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3
14、文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:C
15、D3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z1
16、0H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1
17、HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10
18、Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8
19、 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3精选资料.可修改编辑4/32 六碳酮糖D-果糖糖醛酸D-葡萄糖醛酸、D-半乳糖醛酸助记：“阿拉不喝无碳糖，给我半缸葡萄糖。鸡鼠夹击夫要命，果然留痛在一身。”还原糖：槐糖、樱草糖、芸香糖、麦芽糖非还原糖：蔗糖、海藻糖二糖：冬绿糖、昆布二糖、槐糖、蚕豆糖、芸香糖、龙胆二糖、麦芽糖、新橙皮糖等。助记：悟空大 冬天裹了块 布，槐
20、里有块 蚕豆，腾 云驾雾地踏上了寻找龙麦 的新征程。糖的反应反应类型反应方式氧化反应葡萄糖银镜反应葡萄糖（还原糖）斐林反应溴水氧化羟基反应醚化反应（甲醚化、三甲基硅醚化和三苯甲醚化）酰化反应缩醛和缩酮化反应硼酸络合反应羰基反应苷的分类类型含义代表性化合物氧苷醇苷通过 醇羟基 与糖端基羟基脱水而成红景天苷、毛茛苷、獐牙菜苦苷酚苷通过 酚羟基 与糖端基羟基脱水而成天麻苷、水杨苷氰苷主要指一类 -羟基腈 的苷苦杏仁苷酯苷苷元以 羧基 和糖的端基碳相连的苷山慈姑苷A、土槿皮甲酸和乙酸吲哚苷吲哚醇 与糖的端基碳相连的苷靛苷硫苷苷元上 巯基 与糖端基羟基缩合而成的苷萝卜苷、芥子苷氮苷通过 N 原子 与糖端
21、基碳相连的苷腺苷、巴豆苷碳苷糖基直接以C 原子 与苷元的C 原子相连的苷芦荟苷、牡荆素酸水解的易难规律：1、N-苷 O-苷 S-苷 C-苷文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9
22、X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z
23、1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS
24、9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V
25、1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编
26、码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H
27、9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3精选资料.可修改编辑5/32
28、腺苷红景天苷萝卜苷芦荟苷巴豆苷水杨苷芥子苷牡荆苷2、呋喃糖苷 吡喃糖苷；酮糖苷 醛糖苷；3、：吡喃糖苷中：五碳糖苷 甲基五碳糖苷 六碳糖苷 糖醛酸苷；4、2，6-去氧糖苷 2-去氧糖苷 6-去氧糖苷 2-羟基糖苷 2-氨基糖苷酶水解：-果糖苷水解酶：转化糖酶-葡萄糖苷水解酶：麦芽糖酶-葡萄糖苷水解酶：杏仁苷酶苷类显色反应：显色反应试剂适用类型Molish 反应萘酚和浓硫酸糖、苷三硝基苯酚试纸反应三硝基苯酚苦杏仁苷含氰苷类（O-苷）化合物的常用中药：中国药典指标成分均为苦杏仁苷苦杏仁（不低于3.0%）桃仁（不低于 2.0%）郁李仁（不低于2.0%）苦杏仁苷被水解后生成：氢氰酸和苯甲醛。四、醌类化
29、合物醌的分类分类代表药物代表性化合物萘醌紫草紫草素、异紫草素菲醌邻菲醌丹参丹参醌、阴丹参醌、丹参醌A、丹参醌 B 对菲醌丹参新醌甲、丹参新醌乙、丹参新醌丙文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10
30、H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 H
31、X9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y
32、4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8
33、ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K
34、6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文
35、档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3精选资料.可修
36、改编辑6/32 蒽醌单蒽核类大黄、虎杖、芦荟、决明子、何首乌大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、芦荟大黄酚（大黄素型蒽醌）茜草茜草素、羟基茜草素、伪羟基茜草素（茜草素型蒽醌）双蒽核类大黄番泻苷 A 根据羟基在蒽醌母核上分布位置的不同分类OH 在两侧苯环上OH 在一侧苯环上大黄素型茜草素型1、芦荟苷：蒽酮碳苷。2、新鲜大黄中有蒽酚类成分，储存2 年以上则消失。3、番泻苷属二蒽酮类，大黄中的番泻苷A，在肠内转变为大黄酸蒽酮而发挥作用。4、游离醌类多具有升华性，小分子的苯醌及萘醌还具有挥发性。5、游离醌类多溶于有机溶剂，不溶于水；醌类成苷后，极性增大，易溶于甲醇、乙醇、热水，不溶于非极性溶剂。蒽醌类
37、衍生物酸性强弱顺序：含-COOH 2 个以上-OH 1 个-OH 2 个以上-OH 1 个-OH 5%NaHCO35%NaHCO35%Na2CO3 1%NaOH 5%NaOH 强酸可溶于弱碱中，弱酸可溶于强碱中。醌类显色反应反应名称反应试剂适用类型颜色Feigl 反应醛类+邻二硝基苯醌类及其衍生物生成紫色化合物无 色 亚 甲 蓝 显色试验无色亚甲蓝乙醇溶液苯醌类及萘醌类（可区别蒽醌类）白色背景下呈现出蓝色斑点文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9
38、Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D
39、1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X
40、10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1
41、M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9
42、N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1
43、P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码
44、:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3精选资料.可修改编辑7/32 Borntrager 反应碱性溶液羟基醌类显红至紫红色Kesting-Craven反应含有活性次甲基试剂（如乙酰乙酸酯、丙二酸酯、丙二腈等）的醇溶液醌环上有未被取代的位置的苯醌及萘醌类呈蓝绿色或蓝紫色与 金 属 离 子 的反应含 Pb2+、Mg2+等金属离子的溶液（如醋酸镁）含有酚羟基或邻二酚羟基结构的蒽醌类化合物 OH的位
45、置和数目不同，呈现不同颜色含醌类的中药：大黄、虎杖、何首乌、芦荟、决明子（蒽醌）助记：很多具有泻下润肠的作用丹参（菲醌）丹参酮A、丹酚酸B 紫草（萘醌）重点中药结构类型及质量控制成分萘醌主要成分结构分类药典质控成分紫草乙酰紫草素、欧紫草素、紫草素萘醌类羟基萘醌总含量、丹参丹参酮A、丹参酮B邻菲醌类丹参酮A、丹酚酸B 丹参新醌甲、丹参新醌乙、丹参新醌丙对菲醌类大黄大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、芦荟大黄素蒽 醌 类 及其衍生物芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚含量之和虎杖大黄素、大黄酚、大黄酸及葡萄糖苷蒽醌类大黄素、虎杖苷何首乌大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、大黄酸、芦荟大黄素蒽醌类
46、大黄素、大黄素甲醚芦荟芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚羟 基 蒽 醌类衍生物芦荟苷决明子大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、决明素、橙黄决明素、黄决明素、美决明素、葡萄糖美决明素、葡萄糖橙黄决明素蒽醌类大黄酚、橙黄决明素丹参：脂溶性的主要为菲醌类化合物；水溶性的为丹参素、丹参酸、原儿茶酸等文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8
47、 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5
48、K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3
49、文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:C
50、D3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z10H7D1 HX9X10Y4Z1M8 ZS9N5K6V1P3文档编码:CD3H9Z1