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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -初二年级英语（Oxford English ）Chapter 1： Water1a little, much, no, too much, too little, not enough +不行数名词2a few, many, no, too many, too few, not enough, many a + 可数名词3A lot of, lots of, some, no, not enough, a great deal of + 可数名词或不行数名词4A little = not mucha fe
2、w = not many5常常在否定句中用 much , e.g. There is not much water.6与 There be 句型搭配：There are a lot of people in the swimming pool.7用在特别疑问句中： How much food is there.How many oranges are there.8. need 的用法,两种词性：A. 情态动词： need do sth./ neednt do sth.B. 实意动词： need to do sth./ dont need to do sth./ need sb to do s
3、th.C. We need water for drinking 表示目的）9. It be +（ very much, quite , rather , a little, 形容词+ for sb + to so sth. 对某人而言做某事比较 , e.g. Its very important for us to learn English well.10. 由 If 引导的状语从句：主句用将来时态,If 从句用一般时态A. 现在时态We will be thirsty to death if there is no water.B. 过去时态We would have arrived a
4、t home if there was no traffic jam.C. 将来时态They will go to American if they get their passport and Visa.11. 英语中分数词的表达法：A. 用“基数词序数词”表示 : 其中基数词表示分子,序数词表示分母, 分子除用one 外,也可用 a.假如分子大于1,分母要用复数形式.但是, 12 不能说 a（one）second,而要说 a（ one） half .E.g. one tenth, a tenth, two fifths, a half, three eighths, a quarter,
5、three quarters, one fourth, three fourths,B. 分数修饰名词时,如该名词是不行数名词只能用单数.如是可数名词,用单数或复数均可. 但是,如它们在句子中作主语,就谓语动词是用单数仍是复数取决于名词,即与分数所修饰的名词保持一样.例如：Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen氧气只占空气的1 5.About two thirds of the students attend the meeting 大约 2 3 的同学都参与了会议.C. 用“基数词介词基数词”表示：借助介词表示分数,介词前的数词是分子,介词后的数词是
6、分母,一般介词用out of,of,in, to.例如： Ninety-ninepeople out ofa hundred, if they were asked who first found America, would answer Clumbus假如要问是谁首 先发觉美洲,一百个人中有九十九个（百分之九十九）将回答是哥伦布.12. Until 一词的用法：A. 当谓语动词是连续性动词时,用确定形式： You can wait here until help comes. 直到 .才）B. 当谓语动词时非连续性动词时,用否定形式： She didnt go to bed until h
7、er daughter came back. （直到她女儿回来了她才睡觉）C. 是否用 not 要取决于动词时连续性仍是非连续性的,即使动词用否定形式,在翻译成汉语的时候都要说成“直到.才.”.D. it was not until.that.,强调句型. It was not until her daughter came back that she went to bed.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资
8、料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -E. Not until 放在句首,句子要倒装：Not until her daughter came back did she go to bed.12. 常用短语： Believe it or not, flush the toilet, at least, pour into the sink, waste water, clean up, in the first place.Chapter 2School newspaper1. suggest用法 ：建议,示意,同义词 advise,A. Suggest + d
9、oing sth. : She suggests going shopping at weekend.B. Suggest + that should do sth.He suggested that school should hold a sports event.2. Take charge of = be in charge of , 由.负责 . be in the charge of .某物在某人的掌控之下She takes charge of all books in the library. She is in charge of all books in the librar
10、y.All books in the library is in the charge of her.3. ask 的用法 ： ask sb not to do sth. / ask for help, sth./ ask ab about sth. He asked me to fetch waterHe asks me about the whether in England. He asks for help.4. how often,多久 .; How often do you take exercise .5. agree 的用法：A. agree with sb.同义某人的观点,看
11、法,想法,分析：In my opinion, we should not play computer games frequently. Yes, I totally agree with you.B. Agree to sth. 表示一方提出看法,观点, 方案, 另一方写作, We agree to their arrangement.C. Agree on/ upon sth:指双方通过协商而取得一样看法,We agree on the price.D. Agree to do sth.= agree on doing sth.同意某人做某事They agree to conclude t
12、he meeting soon.不能用agree sb to do sth. 6. In one weeks time = one week later表示在一星期之后,一般用于将来时.7. finish 用法 ： finish doing sth./ finish sth完成某事8. take part in & join in & join 的用法：A. Take part in,常指参与某活动,聚会等：She took part in Helens birthday party yesterday.B. Join in,常指参与某活动,聚会等: Would you like to joi
13、n in the dancing with us .C. Join 常指参与某团体,组织,军队等：Pupils are proud of joining Young Pioneer.9. Should & ought to：两者都“应当” ,用法基本相同,区分在于：（1） ought to 比 should 语气强 , should 表示主观看法,一些建议,劝告时,译作“应当 ”.ought to ,直接接动词原形,更多反映客观情形,“有义务 ”或“必要 ”做某事,译为“应当,应可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页
14、,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -该” （2）（ 2） ought to 的否定就表示做某事肯定是错误的而 should 的否定就表示某动作不肯定要做.A. I/You/He/She/We/They should + do sth = I/You/He/She/We/They ought to do sthB. I/You/He/She/We/They should not + do sth = I/You/He/She/We/They ought no
15、t to do sthC. I/You/He/She/We/They shouldnt do sth = I/You/He/She/We/They oughtnt to do sthE.gShe ought to take care of her sister. = She should take care of her sister. You oughtnt to be late for school. You shouldnt be late for school.10. 感叹句形式：A. Whata/an + 形容词+ 名词 +主语 + 谓语B. How +形容词、副词+ 主语+ 谓语E
16、.g. What a beautiful girl she is. = How beautiful girl she is. What an exciting new it is . = How exciting the new is . How quickly he ran .11. Hundreds of , thousands of, millions of, billions of. 成百上千,成千上万,成万上亿.12. 常用短语 ： hold a meeting, elect the chief editor, vote for 为.投票）, take charge of =be i
17、n charge of , ask for, take notes（ of , be responsible for, take over, be free to readers, pay for sth., agree to do sth. Conclude the meeting , bring the meeting to the end, give out newspaper（出版）, common sense, put a mark on, write down, at the New Years Party, in all 总共）, march around the street,
18、 take part in, at the end of , in the end, take place, be on fire （着火）,be born in（出身于）, science fiction film, adventure film, what a shame, congratulations. Well done, you deserveto win. Long time no see. Im sorry but., find out.Chapter 3 Detectives and Crimes1. The + adj. ：表示一类人,the old 老人,the youn
19、g 年轻人,the guilty有罪之人,当这类词做主语时,谓语动词要用三人称单数形式：e.g. The old always needs to be taken care of.2. protect 用法 ： protect sb from doing sth,爱护某人 .不受影响 , 相当于 prevent from. 阻挡某人受 .影响.The government tried best to protect local villagers from being threatened by the flood. The government tried best to prevent l
20、ocal villagers from being threatened by the flood.3. deny 用法 ： deny doing sth. E.g. He denied stealing Lis bag.4. admit 用法 ： admit doingsth. 承认做某事.She admittedtaking away her roommates camera.5. 非谓语动词（infinitives）： to do & doing两种形式A. refuse,offer , decide, fail, pretend, agree, promise + to do sth.
21、 只能加不定式）B. 区分 remember to do sth. / doing sth. , Stop to do sth./ stop doing sth., forget to do sth./ forget可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -doing sth., like to do/ like doing, try to do
22、sth/ try doing sth, go on to do sth/ go on doing sth, mean to do sth./ mean doing sth.C. Enjoy, practice, finish, admit, suggest,avoid, deny, forgive, + doing sth.（只能加动名词）D. Begin/start/learn + to do sth = doing sth.加动名词和不定式意思相近.6. On +详细时间 ,He went to hospital on May 8 th, 2022.7. knock at ones doo
23、r 敲某人的人 8. 常用短语： protect the innocent, as well as, find the guilty, alone, lock sth in the safe, report the theft, look for clues, the same as, no longer, not at all, break into ones house 破门而入）, go to jail/ go to prison, behind bar 在监狱中）,fake money 假钱）,in the case of., instead of, short of sth. 缺少东
24、西）, play games with sb., share information, bump into.Chapter 4 Computer Technology1. 形容词的比较级与最高级：形容词有三种等级：原级、比较级、最高级.A. 原级 ：句中只有一者时用原级,其标志词是very, so, too, quite ,rather 等修饰.e.g. His handwriting is very good. 他的书法很好.（一个人不作比较. ）B. 比较级和最高级构成：1）单音节或少数双音节词一般在原级后加er 构成比较级,加est 构成最高级.e.g.small smaller sma
25、llest young youngeryoungest2）以不发音的字母e 结尾的形容词,直接加r 或 st 构成比较级和最高级.e.g.Nice nicer nicest late later latest3）以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词,变y 为 i ,再加 er 或 est, 构成比较级和最高级.e.g. Busy busier busiest heavy heavier heaviest4）在重读闭音节中,末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词,要先双写这个辅音字母,再加er 或est, 构成比较级和最高级.e.g. hot hotter hottest big bigger biggest5）
26、多音节词前加“more”构成比较级, 加“ most”构成最高级,形容词的最高级前要加the,副词的最高级前面可省略the. 6）有些词语没有最高级,由于它本身就是最高级,例如：favorate/ favourate. 7）个别形容词的比较级和最高级是不规章变化,需个别记忆.e.g. good well better best bad badly, ill worse worst manymuch more most Little less leastFar father farthest 或 further furthest可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选
27、- - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -C. 形容词各级用法归纳:1) 原级（同级）比较：asas; not assoas We ll give you as much help as we can.She isnt asso active in sports as before.2) 比较级：表示两者之间比更可用状语much, a little, even 等修饰：He made fewer mistakes
28、than I did. He is even richer than I.3) 最高级： 形容词最高级前必需加the, 副词最高级前常省略the,后面多用of, in短语表示范畴：It was the most/least interesting story I have ever listened. He is the tallest of the three.4）假如在两者之间表示“最”时要在比较级前加the,而且仍用of the two, of the pair短语：John is the clever of the two boys. Of the two boys, John is
29、the clever.5）表示是最 中的一个用“one of the most./ 形容词的最高级”句型.Yangtz river is one of the longest river all over the world.6) 表示“第几 .”用“ the + 序 数词+ 最高级+ 名词单数”：The Yellow river is the second longest river in the world.7) the more., the better 句型：越 .越.The more exercise you have taken, the healthier you will be
30、.8) 比较级 + and +比较级,表示“越来越.”, Drinking water will make you look more and more beautiful.2. prefer的用法：1）后接不定式时与rather than 或 instead of 连用：He preferred to die rather than to steal. / He perferred to die instead of stealing.他宁死也不去偷窃.2）留意介词搭配,如：I prefer swimming to skating. I like swimming better than s
31、kating.我喜爱游泳赛过滑冰.prefer 因其本身含有比较之意,而不行再与more 或 most 连 用. 3） prefer 名词或动名词“宁愿”,“更喜爱” ：He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice.他是上海人,因此更喜爱吃米饭.I prefer going by bike. 我宁愿骑单车去.I prefer the white one. 我喜爱那个白的.4） prefer to do“情愿做”.I prefer to go at once. 我情愿立刻就走.5） prefer sb. to do“情愿某人做”I prefer you t
32、o go out at once. 我倒期望你立刻就走.6） prefer sth to sth./ prefer doing sth. to doing sth. “宁愿做 .而不做 .” .I prefer tea to milk. 我宁愿喝茶也不喝牛奶.I prefer watching TV to going out.我宁愿看电视也不出去.7 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“ 宁愿做 .而不做 .” ,但是不能说prefer sth rather than sth可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - -
33、- - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -I prefer to watch TV rather than go out. 我宁愿呆在家里也不出去.7、prefer that 从句“宁愿” （从句一般用虚拟语气）I prefer that you should do it. 我宁愿你做这件事.3. In the 1960s, 意为“在20 世纪 60 岁月”4. way 的用法：1） the way to do sth.表示做
34、某事的方法：There are many ways to learn a foreign language well.2) the way of doing sth.表示做某事的方法：There are many ways of learning a foreign language well.3) on ones way to + 的名 ,在某人去某的的路上;也可以引申为“在某人做某事,成为.的路上”She was on her way to school when I came across her this afternoon. He has been on his way to a s
35、cientist with his diligence and study.4) the way 引导定语从句时,一般用“that, in which, 或者省略 I really appreciate the way that you teach me to swim.= I really appreciate the way in which you teach me to swim.= I really appreciate you teach me to swim.5. 常用短语：be unaware of sth, dependent on sth, the answer to th
36、e question, for the time being 临时）, have understanding of sth, be good at doing sth, raise questions 引发问题） , in ones opinion, in reply to the question at the end, linksth together, all over the world,a widerange of,come into existence. Hardly ever 难得,几乎不） ,Chapter 5 Historical Stories1. Tooto 句型：太 .
37、而不能,与“ so.that”句型有相像：e.g. The box is too heavy to carryThe box is so heavy that I cannot carry it.2. Except for除了, 表示不包括 事物在内In addition to, apart from, besides, except 均表示“除了 之外,仍有 ”e.g. She likes all kinds of movies except for the horric.表示她不喜爱恐惧电影 Except for horric, she likes all kinds of movies.
38、（表示她喜爱恐惧电影）3. Succeed in doing sth. 胜利做某事 , 反义词： fail to do sth. 做某事不胜利 4. 定于从句： has/have done sth.A. 动词的过去式与过去分词构成：1）一般在动词词尾加ed.E.g. work worked, rain rained, watch watched2 ） 如 果 动 词 以 字 母e结 尾 , 变 过 去 式 时 直 接 在 词 尾 加d . 例 如 ：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 13 页 - - - -
39、 - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -love loved,live lived,change changed3）假如动词是以一个元音字母加上一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,变过去式时,要双写这个辅音字母,再加ed.如： stop stopped,plan planned,drop dropped4 ） 如 果 动 词 是 以 辅 音 字 母 加y结 尾 , 变 过 去 式 时 要 变y为i再 加ed . 例 如 ：studystudied,carry carried,try trie
40、d可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5）一些特别词汇的过去时与过去分词形式需区分记忆,如下表所示：动词原动词原形过去时过去分词形过去时过去分词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_常用型A-A-A 型dodoesdiddonebroadcastbroadcastbroadcastbewaswerebeencostcostcostgowentgonecutcutcutbecomebecamebecomehurthurthurtspendspentspentletletletmeetmetmetputputputhearheardheardreadreadreadgetgo
41、tgotshutshutshutmakemademadehithithitloselostlostsetsetsetseesawseenmustmustmustbeginbeganbegunspreadspreadspreadknowknewknownA-B-AgivegavegivenbecomebecamebecomeeatateeatencomecamecomeforgetforgotforgottenrunranrunbreakbrokebrokencancouldcouldA-B-B可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_willwouldwouldA-A-oughtaugh
42、t A-oughtaught可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_maymightmightbringbroughtbroughtmustmustmustbuyboughtboughttaketooktakenfightfoughtfoughtbringbroughtbroughtthinkthoughtthoughthurthurthurtcatchcaughtcaughtletletletteachtaughttaughtmakemademadefindfoundfoundreadreadreadA-A-d+tA-d+tcomecame其他camebuildlendbuiltbuiltlentlent可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -sellsoldsoldsendsentsenttelltoldtoldspendspentspentholdheldhe