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1、心理咨询师技能考试重点难点归纳.心理诊断技能总结一、心理问题分类：二、正常与异常的判定依据（即病与非病、是否属于心理咨询工作范围的判定依据）：1、正常与异常的三原则。（主观世界与客观世界的统一性；心理活动的内在协调一致性；个性的相对稳定性。）2、典型症状及行为。3、是否有自知力。4、包括是否有主动求医行为。三、一般心理问题与严重心理问题的鉴别：一般心理问题严重心理问题刺激的性质现实因素（一般事件）现实因素（相对强烈）正常心理健康心理不健康一般心理问题严重心理问题神经症性心理问题（可疑神经症）不正常神经症恐怖症焦虑症强迫症躯体形式障碍（含疑病症）重性精神障碍精神分裂症心境障碍躁狂症抑郁症双相障碍
2、（躁郁症）其他精神障碍应激相关障碍人格障碍及性心理障碍心理生理障碍癔症（歇斯底里症）持续的时间两个月以内两个月以上、半年以下反应的强度不良情绪、可以控制痛苦情绪、难以控制是否泛化未泛化已泛化四、神经症的判定：1 分2 分3 分三项得分相加后计算总分：3 分，不是神经症；4-5 分，可疑神经症；6 分及以上，神经症。病程短程（小于3 个月）中程（3 个月到 1 年）长程（1 年以上）精神痛苦的程度轻度（可自己摆脱）中度（须别人帮助才能摆脱）重度（几乎完全无法摆脱）社会功能工作学习交往轻微妨碍工作学习交往效率明显下降，部分工作和避免某些社交不能工作学习，社会交往完全回避五、神经症与严重心理问题的鉴
3、别：1、严重心理问题：心理冲突的性质是常形，（1）现实性的；（2）道德性的。2、神经症：心理冲突的性质是变形，（1）与现实处境无关且是鸡毛蒜皮的小事；（2）不带明显的道德色彩。.诊断技能与咨询技能中的问答题（涵盖几乎可以考到的大题）：1、如何确定谈话的内容和范围？P4 答：应依据以下参照点：（1）求助者主动提出的求助内容。（2）心理咨询师在初诊接待中观察到的疑点。（3）心理咨询师可以依据心理测评结果的初步分析发现问题。（4）上级心理咨询师为进一步诊断而下达的会谈目标。（5）会谈目标中若有一个以上的内容，应分别处理。文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G
4、8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7
5、A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G
6、6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W
7、3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2
8、K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y
9、4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P1
10、0W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G82、采集求助者病史和个人资料的桑德伯格提纲。P9 答：（1）身份资料。（2）来就诊的原因和对治疗服务的期望。（3）现在及近期的状况。（4）对家庭的看法。（5）早年回忆。（6）出生和成长。（7）健康及身体状况。（8）教育及培训。（9）工作记录。（10）娱乐。（11）性欲的发展。（12）婚姻及家庭资料。（13）社会基础。（14）自我描述。（15）
11、生活的转折点和选择。（16）对未来的看法。（17）求助者附加的任何材料。3、不恰当提问的消极作用。P11 答：（1）造成依赖。（2）责任转移。（3）减少求助者的自我探索。（4）产生不准确的信息。（5）产生防卫心理和行为。（6）提问过多可影响交谈中必要的概括与说明。4、错误提问的性质种类。P12 答：（1）“为什么”的问题。（2）多重选择性问题。（3）多重问题。（4）修饰性反问。（5）责备性问题。文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK
12、3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4
13、C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码
14、:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1
15、HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 Z
16、L4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档
17、编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P
18、1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8（6）解释性问题。5、选择会谈内容的原则。P12 答：（1）适合求助者的接受能力，符合求助者的兴趣。（2）对求助者的病因有直接或间接的针对性。（3）对求助者的个性发展或矫正起关键作用。（4）对深入探索求助者的深层病因有意义。（5）对求助者症状的鉴别诊断有意义。（6）对改变求助者的态度有积极作用，对帮助求助者改善认知和正确理解问题有帮助。（7）会谈法的有效性。6、使用心理测验的程序及注意事项。P13 答：程序：（1）向求助者说明选用量表对确诊的意义并征得求助者同意
19、。（2）依据求助者心理问题的性质，选择恰当的心理测验项目。（3）测量结果如果与临床观察、会谈法的结论相左，不可轻信任何一方。必须重新进行会谈，而后再进行测评。注意事项：（1）不得乱用心理测验。（2）不得使用“地毯式轰炸”方式实施心理测验。7、摄入性会谈应注意哪些内容。P13 答：（1）态度必须保持中性。（2）提问中避免失误。（3）咨询人员在摄入性会谈中，除提问和引导性语言之外，不能讲任何题外话。（4）不能用指责、批判性语言阻止或扭转求助者的会谈内容。（5）在摄入性会谈后不应给出绝对性的结论。（6）结束语要诚恳、客气，不能用生硬的话做结束语，以免引起求助者的误解。8、乱用心理测验的形式有几种？P
20、14 答：（1）目的不明确、依据不充分地随意使用。（2）单纯依赖心理测验结果，不对照临床表现，片面给出诊断和制定措施。（3）未查明某种心理测验自身可靠性以及常模的时限便使用。（4）在诊断目的以外使用心理测验。文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4
21、C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码
22、:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1
23、HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 Z
24、L4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档
25、编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P
26、1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8（5）不按心理测验的程序要求和操作规定实施心理测验。（6
27、）超出某种心理测验自身功能，主观地对数据和结果进行解释。（7）使用盗版软件实施心理测验。（8）将直接翻译而未经修订的测验工具用于临床。9、如果选择恰当的心理测验量表？P14 答：（1）选择测评量表，应有指向性。（如求助者有明显焦虑情绪，可选用与情绪有关的量表。）（2）为了确定非情景性症状的性质，应启用人格问卷，以便探索症状的人格因素。（3）为寻找早期原因，可选用病因探索性量表（如SCL-90）。（4）为排除疾病而使用量表。（怀疑有精神疾病，可用MMPI；觉得智力有问题，可用智力量表；怀疑是神经系统疾病时，可选用神经心理学测评手段。）10、临床资料整理归纳包括哪些方面。P15 答：（一）一般资料
28、：（1）求助者的人口学资料。（2）求助者生活状况。（3）婚姻家庭。（4）工作记录。（5）社会交往。（6）娱乐活动。（7）自我描述。（8）求助者个人内在世界的重要特点。（二）个人成长史资料：（1）婴幼儿期。（2）童年生活。（3）少年期生活。（4）青年期。（5）个人成长中的重大转化以及现在对它的评价。（三）求助者目前精神、身体和社会工作与社会交往状态：（1）精神状态。（2）身体状态。（3）社会工作与社会交往。11、确定求助者心理与行为问题关键点的原则。P24 文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8
29、ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文
30、档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2
31、P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V
32、8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G
33、8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7
34、A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G
35、6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8答：（1）该因素是多数临床表现的原因或者与多数临床表现有内在联系。（2）该因素在个体发展中持久地存在并随着生活环境的变化改变自身的形式，但无论形式如何改变其本身性质不变。12、正确的五种咨询态度是什么？P53 答：尊重、热情、真诚、共情、积极关注。13、如何做到恰当地表达尊重？P54 答：（1）尊重意味着完整接纳。（2）尊重意味着一视同仁。（3）尊重意味着以礼相待。（4）尊重意味着信任对方。（5）尊重
36、意味着保护隐私。（6）尊重应以真诚为基础。14、热情体现在哪几个方面？P56 答：（1）求助者初次来访时恰当询问，表达关切。（2）注意倾听求助者的叙述。（3）咨询时耐心，认真，不厌其烦。（4）咨询结束时，使求助者感受到温暖。15、表达真诚时需注意什么？P58 答：（1）真诚不等于说实话。（2）真诚不是自我发泄。（3）真诚应实事求是。（4）真诚应适度。16、使用共情时应注意什么？P60 答：（1）咨询师应走出自己的参照框架而进入求助者的参照框架。（2）咨询师必要时要验证自己是否做到共情。（3）表达共情要因人而异。（4）表达共情要善于使用躯体语言。（5）表达共情要善于把握角色。（6）表达共情应考虑
37、到求助者的特点和文化背景。文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8
38、文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A
39、2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6
40、V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3
41、G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K
42、7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4
43、G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G817、使用积极关注时应注意什么？P62 答：（1）避免盲目乐观。（2）反对过分消极。（3）立足实事求是。18、在深入了解求助者时使用的思路是什么？P65 答：（1）明确求助者想要解决的问题。（2）进一步了解问题的来龙去脉。（3）通过对求助
44、者言行的反应，澄清求助者的真实想法。（4）深入探讨求助者的深层原因。19、有效咨询目标的几个要素。P68 答：（1）具体。（2）可行。（3）积极。（4）双方可以接受。（5）属于心理学性质。（6）可以评估。（7）多层次统一。20、咨询师对咨询目标的错误观念有哪些？P70 答：（1）持完全中立的态度，不带有任何自己的价值观。（2）给求助者灌输、传授一些正确的、健康的价值观。（3）把求助者的快乐、满足作为咨询目标。（4）把求助者能否适应环境作为咨询目标。21、咨询方案的内容。P74 答：（1）咨询目标。（2）双方各自的特定责任、权利与义务。（3）咨询的次数与时间安排。（4）咨询的具体方法、过程和原理
45、。（5）咨询的效果及评价手段。（6）咨询的费用。文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 Z
46、L4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档
47、编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P
48、1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8
49、 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8
50、文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A2P1 HK3S3Y4G6V8 ZL4C6P10W3G8文档编码:CJ4R2K7A