《2022年大学物理物理知识点总结 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年大学物理物理知识点总结 .pdf（12页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、大学物理物理知识点总结1 oxBrrArrBrryArs第一章质点运动学主要内容一、描述运动的物理量1、位矢、位移与路程由坐标原点到质点所在位置的矢量rr称为 位矢位矢rxiyjrvv,大小22rrxyv运动方程rrtrr运动方程的分量形式xx tyy t位移 就是描述质点的位置变化的物理量t 时间内由起点指向终点的矢量BArrrxiyjrrrrr,22rxyr路程就是 t 时间内质点运动轨迹长度s就是标量。明确rr、r、s的含义(rrrs)2、速度(描述物体运动快慢与方向的物理量)平均速度xyrxyijijtttuuuDD=+=+DDrrrrrVVr瞬时速度(速度)t0rdrvlimtdtr
2、rr(速度方向就是曲线切线方向)jvivjdtdyidtdxdtrdvyx,2222yxvvdtdydtdxdtrdvdsdrdtdtr速度的大小称速率。3、加速度(就是描述速度变化快慢的物理量)平均加速度vatrr瞬时加速度(加速度)220limtdd ratdtdtrrrrar方向指向曲线凹向jdtydidtxdjdtdvidtdvdtvdayx22222222222222dtyddtxddtdvdtdvaaayxyx二、抛体运动大学物理物理知识点总结2 运动方程矢量式为2012rv tgtrrr分量式为020cos()1sin()2水平分运动为匀速直线运动竖直分运动为匀变速直线运动xvt
3、yvtgt三、圆周运动(包括一般曲线运动)1、线量:线位移s、线速度dsvdt切向加速度tdvadt(速率随时间变化率)法向加速度2nvaR(速度方向随时间变化率)。2、角量:角位移(单位rad)、角速度ddt(单位1rad s)角速度22dddtdt(单位2rads)3、线量与角量关系:2=tnsR vRaRaR、4、匀变速率圆周运动:(1)线量关系020220122vvatsv tatvvas (2)角量关系020220122ttt第二章牛顿运动定律主要内容一、牛顿第二定律物体动量随时间的变化率dpdtr等于作用于物体的合外力iF=F骣?桫?rr即:=dPdmvFdtdtrrr,m常量时d
4、VF=mF=madt或rrrr说明:(1)只适用质点;(2)F为合力 ;(3)aFrr与就是瞬时关系与矢量关系;(4)解题时常用牛顿定律分量式(平面直角坐标系中)xxyyFmaFmaFmarr (一般物体作直线运动情况)文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4
5、T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9
6、B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10
7、J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4
8、T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9
9、B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10
10、J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4
11、T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10大学物理物理知识点总结3(自然坐标系中)（切向）（法向）dtdvmmaFrvmmaFamFttnn2(物体作曲线运动)运用牛顿定律解题的基本方法可归纳为四个步骤运用牛顿解题的步骤:1)弄清条件、明确问题(弄清已知条件、明确所求的问题及研究对象)2)隔离物体、受
12、力分析(对研究物体的单独画一简图,进行受力分析)3)建立坐标,列运动方程(一般列分量式);4)文字运算、代入数据举例:如图所示,把质量为10mkg的小球挂在倾角030的光滑斜面上,求(1)当斜面以13ag的加速度水平向右运动时,(2)绳中张力与小球对斜面的正压力。解:1)研究对象小球2)隔离小球、小球受力分析3)建立坐标,列运动方程(一般列分量式);:cos30sin30Tx FNmaoo (1):sin 30cos300Ty FNmgoo (2)4)文字运算、代入数据:32TxFNma (13ag)(3):32TyFNmg(4)131(1)109.8 1.57777.3232TFmgN109
13、.83077.30.57768.5cos300.866TmgNFtgNoog(2)由运动方程,N=0情况:cos30TxFmao:sin30=TyFmgo29.8317oma=g ctg30sgarxyPrNrTFr文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8
14、I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7
15、A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3
16、G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8
17、I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7
18、A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3
19、G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8
20、I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10大学物理物理知识点总结4 zzttzzyyttyyxxttxxmmtFImmtFImmtFI121212212121dddvvvvvv第三章动量守恒与能量守恒定律主要内容一、动量定理与动量守恒定理1、冲量与动量21ttIFdtrv称为在21tt时间内,力F对质点的
21、冲量。质量m与速度vr乘积称动量Pmvrr2、质点的动量定理:2121ttIF dtmvmvrrrrg质点的动量定理的分量式:3、质点系的动量定理:21t000trrrrrnnnexiiiiiiiFdtm vmvPP质点系的动量定理分量式xxoxyyoyzzozIPPIPPIPP动量定理微分形式,在dt时间内:=dPFdtdPFdtrrrr或4、动量守恒定理:当系统所受合外力为零时,系统的总动量将保持不变,称为动量守恒定律00=rr则恒矢量nniiiiiim vm v1=0,niiFF外动量守恒定律分量式:二、功与功率、保守力的功、势能1、功与功率:质点从a点运动到b点变力F所做功cosvrb
22、baaWFdrFds恒力的功:cosWFrFrvrr功率:cosrrgdwpFvFvdt2、保守力的功1230,0,0,若则恒量若则恒量若则恒量xiixiyiiyiziiziFmvC FmvC FmvC文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 H
23、G10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码
24、:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG
25、10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 H
26、G10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码
27、:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG
28、10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 H
29、G10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10大学物理物理知识点总结5 exin2201122nnnniiiiiiiiWWmvmv物体沿任意路径运动一周时,保守力对它作的功为零0rrg?clWF dr3、势能保守力功等于势能增量的负值,0VpppwEEE物体在空间某点位置的势能pEx,y,z22111122bababawG
30、Mmrrwmgymgywkxkx万有引力作功：重力作功：弹力作功：三、动能定理、功能原理、机械能守恒守恒1、动能定理质点动能定理:2201122Wmvmv质点系动能定理:作用于系统一切外力做功与一切内力作功之与等于系统动能的增量2、功能原理:外力功与非保守内力功之与等于系统 机 械 能(动能+势能)的增量0exinncWWEE机械能守恒定律:只有保守内力作功的情况下,质点系的机械能保持不变第 4 章机械能与功知识点:1 1.功的定义质点在力F 的作用下有微小的位移dr(或写为 ds),则力作的功定义为与位移的标积,即coscosFdsrdFrdFdA对质点在力作用下的有限运动,力作的功为bar
31、dFA在直角坐标系中,此功可写为bazbaybaxdzFdyFdxFA应当注意,功的计算不仅与参考系的选择有关,一般还与物体的运动路径有关。只有保守力(重力、弹性力、万有引力)的功才只与始末位置有关,而与路径形状无关。2、动能定理质点动能定理:合外力对质点作的功等于质点动能的增量。2022121mvmvAp00p(,)(,)dEA x y zEx y zFrvv00pEexinnc0当WWexinnckpk0p0()()WWEEEE文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S
32、9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10
33、L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR
34、4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S
35、9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10
36、L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR
37、4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S
38、9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10大学物理物理知识点总结6 质点系动能定理:系
39、统外力的功与内力的功之与等于系统总动能的增量。0KKEEAA内外应当注意,动能定理中的功只能在惯性系中计算。3.势能重力势能:EP=mgh,零势面的选择视方便而定。弹性势能:规定弹簧无形变时的势能为零,它总取正值。万有引力势能:取无穷远处为零势点,它总取负值。4.功能原理)()(00PKPKEEEEAA非保内外即:外力的功与非保守内力的功之与等于系统机械能的增量。5.机械能守恒定律外力的功与非保守内力的功之与等于零时,系统的机械能保持不变。即常量时，当非保内外PKEEAA0重点:1、熟练掌握功的定义及变力作功的计算方法。2、理解保守力作功的特点及势能的概念,会计算重力势能、弹性势能与万有引力势
40、能。3、掌握动能定理及功能原理,并能用它们分析、解决质点在平面内运动时的力学问题。1.4、掌握机械能守恒的条件及运用守恒定律分析、求解综与问题的思想与方法。难点:1.1、计算变力的功。2.2、理解一对内力的功。3.3、机械能守恒的条件及运用守恒定律分析、求解综与问题的思想与方法。第 5 章刚体力学知识点:1.1、描述刚体定轴转动的物理量及运动学公式。2.2、刚体定轴转动定律IM3.3、刚体的转动惯量2iirmI(离散质点)dmrI2(连续分布质点)平行轴定理2mlIIc4.4、定轴转动刚体的角动量定理定轴转动刚体的角动量IL刚体角动量定理dtIddtdLM5.5、角动量守恒定律,212kxEP
41、,rMmGEP文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L
42、10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4
43、S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9
44、I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L
45、10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4
46、S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9
47、I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L
48、10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10大学物理物理知识点总结7 刚体所受的外力对某固定轴的合外力矩为零时,则刚体对此轴的总角动量保持不变。即6.6、定轴转动刚体的机械能守恒只有保守力的力矩作功时,刚体的转动动能与转动势能之与为常量。常量cmghI221式中 hc就是刚体的质心到零势面的距离。重点:1.1、掌握描述刚体定轴转动的角位移、角速度与角加速度等概念及联系它们的运动学公式。2.2、掌握刚体定轴转动定理,并能用它求解定轴转动刚体与质点联动问题。3、会计算力矩的功、定轴转动刚体的动能与重力势能,能
49、在有刚体做定轴转动的问题中正确的应用机械能守恒定律。4、会计算刚体对固定轴的角动量,并能对含有定轴转动刚体在内的系统正确应用角动量守恒定律。难点:1.1、正确运用刚体定轴转动定理求解问题。2、对含有定轴转动刚体在内的系统正确应用角动量守恒定律与机械能守恒定律。第 6 章狭义相对论基础知识点:1.1、爱因斯坦狭义相对论的基本假设。2.2、洛仑兹坐标变换式中3.3、长度收缩2201cuLL(注意同时性条件)4.4、时间膨胀5.5、相对论速度变换222222211,11,1cuvcuvvcuvcuvvcuvuvvxzzxyyxxx6.6、狭义相对论中的质量与能量（1）(1)22cuxttzzyyut
50、xxcuxttzzyyutxx2211cu221cutt常量时当外iiIM,0(注意同地性条件)(m0为静质量)文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 HG10L10J3G3U4 ZG10S9I9B7A10文档编码:CR4S4T8I8Y10 H