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1、1第一页，共66页。指出指出(zh ch)下列名词在句中所做的成分。下列名词在句中所做的成分。1.The world loves nature.2.Knowledge is power.3.We Chinese are peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicative2第二页，共66页。名词名词(mng c)性从句性从句n名词性从句名词性从句(cn j)在功能上相当于名词在功能上相当于名词主语主语(zhy)Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语表语Thi
2、sishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.3第三页，共66页。宾语宾语(bny)Idontlikehisjob.Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语同位语 Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.4第四页，共66页。什么叫名词什么叫名词(mng c)(mng c)性从性从句？句？n在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。(NounClauses)n名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在它在复
3、合句中能担任复合句中能担任(dnrn)主语、宾语、主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。表语、同位语等。n因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。句、表语从句和同位语从句。5第五页，共66页。名词名词(mngc)性从句性从句nounclause主语主语(zhy)从从句句subjectclause 宾语(bny)从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predicativeclause 同位语从句同位语从句appositiveclause6第六页，共66页。名词性从句中的连接词
4、有名词性从句中的连接词有:连词连词(linc):that/whether/asif(though)连接代词连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever连接副词连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever7第七页，共66页。1.Theyaregooddoctors.Hetoldus.2.Hehadntsaidanythingatthemeeting.Thefactsurprisedus.Hetoldusthattheyweregooddoctors.Thefactthathehad
5、ntsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedus.总结总结:当从句当从句(cn j)原来是陈述句时原来是陈述句时,变成变成名词性从句名词性从句(cn j)用用that引导。引导。句型句型(j xn(j xn)转转换换8第八页，共66页。3.Doesyoursistergetupearly?Doyouknow?4.Doanimalshavethesamesensesashumans?Ioftenwonder.Doyouknowif/whetheryoursistergetsupearly?Ioftenwonderif/whetheranimalshavethesames
6、ensesashumans.总结总结:当从句原来是一般疑问句时当从句原来是一般疑问句时,变成变成名词名词(mng c)性从句用性从句用 if 或或 whether 引导。引导。9第九页，共66页。5.Whendidhebuythisnewbike?Couldyoutellme?6.Myquestionisthis:wherewillthelecturebegiven?Couldyoutellmewhenheboughtthisnewbike?Myquestioniswherethelecturewillbegiven.总结总结(zngji):当从句原来是特殊疑问句时当从句原来是特殊疑问句时,变
7、成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。导。10第十页，共66页。Whatweneedismoretime.WhatweneedaremoreEnglishdictionaries.总结总结:名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外另外,一般情况一般情况(qngkung)下下,名词性从句均看作名词性从句均看作单数概念。由单数概念。由what引导的一般看后面引导的一般看后面的表语。的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。11第十一页，共66页。Iknowhim.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语(zhy
8、)谓语谓语(wiy)宾语宾语(bny)(简单句简单句)主语主语谓语谓语宾宾语语从从句句连词连词从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句(复合句复合句)一、一、ObjectClauses宾语从句宾语从句12第十二页，共66页。宾语从句的概念宾语从句的概念(ginin)：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主句主句(zh j)+(zh j)+连词连词(引导词引导词)+)+宾语宾语从句从句13第十三页，共66页。1.连词连词(引导词引导词)1)当宾语从句是陈述句时当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和包括肯定句和否定句否定句),连词由连词由that引
9、导引导,因为因为that在从句在从句中不作任何成分中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体因此在口语或非正式文体(wnt)中常省略。中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.14第十四页，共66页。宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况在以下三种情况下不能省略下不能省略(shngl)：当
10、当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时宾语时,第二个第二个that不能省；不能省；当当that作介词宾语时作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。不可省掉。用用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。做形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.15第十五页，共66页。在主句为动词在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如加某些形容词（如so
11、rry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略的省略that的从句的从句(cnj)也可算是宾语从句也可算是宾语从句(cnj)。vImsorry(that)Idontknow.vWeresure(that)ourteamwillwin.vImafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.16第十六页，共66页。2)当宾语从句是一般疑问句时当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词由连词whether或或if引导引导(yndo)(口语中常用口语中常用if),因为因为if/whether翻译成翻译成:“是否是否”,具有一定的意义具有一定的意义,所以不能
12、省略。所以不能省略。Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Letsseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.17第十七页，共66页。whether与与if的辨用的辨用表表“是否是否”时时,在下列情况下用在下列情况下用whether。a.主语从句主语从句b.表语表语(bioy)从句从句c.同位语从句同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式后接动词不定式(
13、whethertodosth.)g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语连在一起引导宾语从句时不用从句时不用if18第十八页，共66页。whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句。都可以引导宾语从句。a.当当whether后紧跟后紧跟ornot时时,不用不用if.e.g.IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词介词(jic)后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if.e.g.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.whether和和if的使用的使用(shyng)区别区别19第十九页，共66页。练一练练一练:if/whether1.
14、Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Idontknow_heiswellornot.4.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.5.Idontknow_togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether20第二十页，共66页。3)当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)或连接或连接副词副词(when,where,how,why)引导引导,因为因为(ynwi)连接连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定
15、的句子成分代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义具有一定的意义,所以不可以省略。所以不可以省略。Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idontrememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?21第二十一页，共66页。带带how的的词词组组(cz)也也都都可可以以引引导导宾宾语语从从句句CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan
16、?Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?Idontknowhowfaritistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?22第二十二页，共66页。2.时态时态1)如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时，包括一般现在时，现在进行时现在进行时,现
17、在完成现在完成(wnchng)时时)从句的时态可根从句的时态可根据实际情况而定据实际情况而定(包括一般现在时包括一般现在时,一般过一般过去时去时,一般将来时一般将来时,现在完成现在完成(wnchng)时等时等)。vIknowheliveshere.vIknowhelivedheretenyearsago.vIhaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.23第二十三页，共66页。2)如果主句是过去的时态如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时包括一般过去时,过去进行时过去进行时),那么从句那么从句(cnj)的时态一定要用相的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态对应的过去的某种时态(
18、包括一般过去时，包括一般过去时，过去进行时过去进行时,过去将来时过去将来时,过去完成时过去完成时)。vIknewwholivedhere.vIsawshewastalkingwithhermother.vHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.vHesaidthathehadseenit.24第二十四页，共66页。3)当从句是客观真理当从句是客观真理,定义定义,公理公理(gngl),定理定理时用一般现在时。时用一般现在时。vTheteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.1.Ididntknowwha
19、ttimehe_theletter.(write)2.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)3.LingFengtoldmehe_totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)Exercise wrotehastakenhadbeen25第二十五页，共66页。4.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)5.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)6.Tomsaysthatthey_(play).basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening
20、.7.Ihearthey_(return)italready.will begoeswereplayinghavereturned26第二十六页，共66页。3.3.语序语序(yx)(yx)宾宾语语从从句句的的语语序序(yx)(yx)用用陈陈述述语序语序(yx)(yx)：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分27第二十七页，共66页。Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon
21、tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.28第二十八页，共66页。1)could/would是委婉语气是委婉语气,而不是过去而不是过去(guq)式式,因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。4.注意事项注意事项vCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?vCouldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?vWouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?29第二十九页，共66页。2)如果如果(rgu)
22、主句的谓语动词是主句的谓语动词是ask时时,连词不可能连词不可能是是that;如果如果(rgu)主句的谓语动词是主句的谓语动词是say时时,连词用连词用that。vShesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.vHesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.vHeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.vYoumayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.30第三十页，共66页。3)否定的转移否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为若主语谓语动词为think,c
23、onsider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等等,其后的宾语从句其后的宾语从句(cnj)若含有否定若含有否定意义意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句从句(cnj)谓语用肯定式。谓语用肯定式。Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。31第三十一页，共66页。4)It常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作形式宾语等后作形式宾语(bny)：it不不仅可以作形式主语仅可以作形式主语
24、,还可以作形式宾语还可以作形式宾语(bny)而而真正的宾语真正的宾语(bny)-that从句则放在句尾，特别是从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语在带复合宾语(bny)的句子中。的句子中。Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.32第三十二页，共66页。5)连连词词if和和when在在不不同同从从句句(cnj)中中的区别：的区别：CDoyouknowif_backnextweek?Ifhe_back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewill
25、come,willcome33第三十三页，共66页。主句从句一般将来时态一般现在时态祈使句含有情态动词34第三十四页，共66页。Idontknowwhenhe_(come).Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe_(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?willcomecomes35第三十五页，共66页。1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Thetea
26、cherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattimeDAB单项选择单项选择(xunz)36第三十六页，共66页。4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestationCD37第三十七页，共66页。6
27、.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisCBD38第三十八页，共66页。9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatc
28、hB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgoBC39第三十九页，共66页。表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句从句,放在系动词放在系动词(dngc)之后之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词(dngc)+表语从句表语从句”
29、。可以接。可以接表语从句的系动词表语从句的系动词(dngc)有有be,look,remain,seem等。另外等。另外,常用的还有常用的还有thereasonwhyisthat和和Itisbecause等等结构。结构。二、二、PredicativeClauses表语表语(bioy)从句从句40第四十页，共66页。连接词连接词:that/whether/asif/asthough(if不不引导表语从句引导表语从句(cnj)连接代词连接代词:who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词连接副词:when/where/why/how/becauseThequestioniswhethe
30、rwecanrelyonhim.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatswhyIwaslate.41第四十一页，共66页。注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中在表语从句中,表表“是否是否(shfu)”时时,只能用只能用“whether”2.不能用不能用“if”。3.2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。4.3.Itis/wasbecause5.Itis/waswhy6.4.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat7.5.Thereasonisbecause/
31、whythat.42第四十二页，共66页。名词主语名词主语+be+that引起引起(ynq)的表语从句的表语从句在这种句型中在这种句型中,常用表示事实常用表示事实(shsh),真理的名词真理的名词,如如:fact,truth或表示看法或表示看法,观点的名词观点的名词,如如:idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。等作主语。Thefactisthatourteamhaswonthegame.Thetruthisthatshewastheverypersonwhoinformedagainstherhusband.43第四十三页，共
32、66页。注注意意(zhy)表语从句的引导词与主语表语从句的引导词与主语(zhy)(zhy)从句和从句和宾语从句相同。宾语从句相同。但但:1.that:1.that引导表语从句时不能省。引导表语从句时不能省。2.if 2.if 不能引导表语从句。不能引导表语从句。44第四十四页，共66页。1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB
33、.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whenB CD A Exercise 45第四十五页，共66页。1)Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3)Whathesaidisnottrue.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.6)Itscertainthathewillsucceed.7)Howwecanhelpthet
34、wins willbediscussedatthemeeting.8)Whentheyllstarttheproject hasnotbeendecidedyet.三、三、SubjectClause主语主语(zhy)从句从句46第四十六页，共66页。考点一考点一:主语从句后置主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作作形式主语形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正主语从句放在后面作真正(zhnzhng)的主语的主语.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheear
35、thisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-由连词由连词whether和和if,连接代词连接代词what，who，which和连接副词和连接副词when，where，why，how等引导等引导,也也常常后置。常常后置。Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.47第四十七页，共66页。It的用法的用法(ynf):(形式主语形式主语)Itspossible/important/necessary/clearthat.很可能很可能/重要的是重要
36、的是/必要的是必要的是/很清很清楚楚Itssaid/reportedthat.据说据说/据报道据报道Itsbeenannounced/declaredthat.已经通知已经通知(tngzh)/宣布宣布48第四十八页，共66页。Itseems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、显然、明显、碰巧碰巧Itsnowonderthat并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑(wy)Itsapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知众所周知)/acommonsaying.(俗话说俗话说)49第四十九页，共66页。考点二考点二注意注意(zhy):主语从句中主语从句中,谓语动词一般用
37、单数；谓语动词一般用单数；what引导的主语从句引导的主语从句,可根据表语决定。可根据表语决定。Whatheneedsisthatbook.Whatheneedsaresomebooks.50第五十页，共66页。what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子句子(jzi)成分，如：主语、宾语、表语。而成分，如：主语、宾语、表语。而that则不然，它在句子则不然，它在句子(jzi)中只起连接作用。中只起连接作用。例如：例如：(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.what 与与 that
38、引导引导(yndo)主语从句主语从句 51第五十一页，共66页。由由that引导引导:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._isknowntoall.(地球是圆的地球是圆的)3._isapity.(你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会)that无意义无意义,后接一个后接一个(y)完整的句子。完整的句子。that不可省。不可省。ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance52第五十二页，共66页。注注 意意：Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.
39、Whathesaysanddoesdoesntconcernme.Whathesaysanddoesdontagree.1.“if”不能引导主语从句不能引导主语从句,应由应由“whether”引导。引导。2.主语从句的主语从句的“that”一般不能省。一般不能省。3.“what”引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,谓语动词谓语动词:1)常与其后的名词作表语一致常与其后的名词作表语一致2)根据句子根据句子(jzi)的语境而定。的语境而定。53第五十三页，共66页。1._hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2.
40、_wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3._isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingtoA B C 单项选择单项选择(xunz)54第五十四页，共66页。4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatw
41、aterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhaveBB A 55第五十五页，共66页。7._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What/becauseB.What/thatC.That/whatD.That/because8._shecouldntunders
42、tandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What/whyB.That/whatC.What/becauseD.Why/thatBA56第五十六页，共66页。9.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis_heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason10.Wemadethesuggestionthathe_hiswork.A.continuesB.continueC.continuedD.hadcontinuedBB57第五十七页，共66页。11._hashel
43、pedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever12.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.thatB.howC.whereD.whatDA58第五十八页，共66页。13.IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere14.-Areyoustillthi
44、nkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited AA59第五十九页，共66页。15._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which16.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberth
45、egoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_hewants.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.thatBA60第六十页，共66页。17.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor_buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever18.Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that19.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_helphecanget.(05
46、)A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.wheneverC A C 61第六十一页，共66页。D C20.Manynewspaperprintedthegovernorsstatement_wouldsupportataxcut.A.andheB.wasthatheC.whichheD.thathe21._manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.A.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That62第六十二页，共66页。22.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachil
47、d_heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wheneverBFor more exercises,click here.63第六十三页，共66页。高考高考(o ko)链接：链接：1.(10福建福建35)Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodonthave_wehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.A.that B.whichC.whatD.whetherC64第六十四页，共66页。2.(10湖南湖南35)Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew_shewassoangry.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.whyDFor more exercises,click here.65第六十五页，共66页。66第六十六页，共66页。