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1、大棚枸杞菜栽培技术枸杞又名臭桔,是茄科枸杞属多年生小灌木或小乔木,在全国各地均有分布。该植物喜光,喜温暖湿润气候,抗病力强,耐寒耐暑,耐旱忌湿,生长的适宜温度为1520,10生长缓慢,25以上生长不良。菜用枸杞性味甘苦,别具风味,不仅营养丰富,而且还有较高的药用价值。每100g枸杞菜含蛋白质5.8g、脂肪1g、糖61g、胡萝卜素3.9mg、VE 3mg、钙155mg、磷67mg、铁3.4mg。土壤肥力和水分充足时,枸杞的茎、叶鲜嫩,纤维少,口感好。枸杞菜属一次栽植,多年受益的蔬菜。大棚种植枸杞菜,冬季利用大棚覆盖塑料膜保温,夏季栽培苦瓜、丝瓜遮荫增湿,可做到周年供应。现将其栽培技术介绍如下。C
2、hinese wolfberry medlar and smelly orange, of the family solanaceae belongs to the perennial small shrubs or small trees, are distributed all over the country. The plant like light, happy event is warm and humid climate, disease resistance, cold resistance to heat, drought avoid is wet, the growth o
3、f the optimum temperature for 15 20 , 10 , and slow growth more than 25 growth. Food with goji berries taste bitter, speck, not only nutritious, but also has high medicinal value. 5.8 g per 100 g medlar vegetables contain protein, fat 1 g, 61 g sugar, 3.9 mg carotene, VE 3 mg, 155 mg calcium, phosph
4、orus 67 mg, 3.4 mg of iron. Plenty of soil fertility and moisture, stem and leaf fresh Chinese wolfberry, less fiber, taste good. Chinese wolfberry dishes belong to a plant, for years to benefit from vegetables. Using greenhouses covering plastic film greenhouse planting wolfberry dishes, winter hea
5、t preservation, summer shade cultivation of balsam pear, towel gourd, humidifying, can do annual supply. We will introduce the cultivation techniques are as follows. 1育苗1 seedling 一般在2月中下旬至3月上旬剪取野生枸杞的健壮枝条扦插繁殖。选背风向阳、灌排方便、远离污染的地块,1月中旬铲除杂草,深翻1520cm,施入腐熟人畜粪15t/hm2、火土灰18t/hm2,并耙匀;2月中旬再耙1遍,按畦面宽1.2m、沟宽20cm
6、、沟深20cm作平畦。2月中旬至3月上旬剪取野生枸杞一年生健壮枝,截成长15cm左右的短枝作插条,剪口平齐,按行距5cm、株距2cm斜插于苗床上,腋芽朝上,扦插深度为插条的3/4,密度为750900万株/hm2。插后浇透水,每隔1m插1个2m长的竹弓,再用厚0.014mm、宽2m的聚乙烯农膜覆盖,以保温保湿。Generally in the mid to late February to early march shearing wild medlar robust branches cutting propagation. Select the leeward sunningdale, ir
7、rigation convenient, away from the pollution of land, weeding and mid-january commune 15 20 cm, human and animal dung into finished 15 t/hm2, HuoTuHui 18 t/hm2, and rake together; Mid-february rake 1, again according to strip width 1.2 m, 20 cm, 20 cm deep groove, groove width flat beds. Mid Februar
8、y to early march shearing wild medlar annual robust branches, cut growth of around 15 cm short shoot cutting, cutting mouth level, according to the row spacing is 5 cm, 2 cm inclined inserted in the planting distance on the seedbed, axillary bud up, cutting depth of cutting 3/4, density of 750 9 mil
9、lion plants/hm2. Inserted after water flooding, every 1 m into a 2 m long bamboo bow, with thickness 0.014 mm, 2 m wide PE agricultural film covering, the insulation to moisture. 2移栽2 transplanting 3月中旬将大棚内土壤深翻1520cm,撒施生石灰1.5 t/hm2消毒。然后施复合肥300kg/hm2、腐熟饼肥1.5t/hm2、腐熟人畜粪15t/hm2、火土灰22.5t/hm2,耕细耙匀后按畦宽1.2
10、m、沟宽20cm、沟深20cm作南北向平畦,每棚4畦。4月上旬将长出新根和嫩叶的枸杞苗按株距20cm、行距40cm,每畦移栽3行,每棚栽4 5004 800株,栽后淋足定根水。蒸汽冷凝水回收机为了给枸杞菜提供良好的生长环境,避开79月的高温季节,常采用套栽丝瓜、苦瓜、扁豆等作物为其遮荫。具体操作为:3月初育苗,4月初移栽,在大棚两边各留40cm宽,棚中间按畦宽1.2m、沟宽20cm作畦,按株距60cm进行移栽,每畦栽1行遮荫作物。5月初搭架上大棚。既可生产家常菜,又为枸杞菜生长遮荫。Soil commune in mid-march will shed 15 20 cm, broadcasti
11、ng quicklime 1.5 t/hm2 disinfection. Then compound fertilizer 300 kg/hm2, rotten cake fertilizer 1.5 t/hm2, rotten 15 t/hm2, human and animal dung HuoTuHui 22.5 t/hm2, fine plow harrow. According to strip width 1.2 m, 20 cm, 20 cm deep groove, groove width of north and south to flat beds, occupied p
12、er tent 4 beds. Early April to grow new root and the bud of Chinese wolfberry seedling planting distance 20 cm, 40 cm row spacing, each field transplanting line 3, 500 per tent planted 4 4 800 plants, plant after shower set foot root water. To provide Chinese wolfberry dishes with good growth enviro
13、nment, avoid high temperature season, in September 7 set is often used to plant crops of towel gourd, balsam pear, lentils for the shade. Specific operation as follows: 3 in early seedling, transplanting in early April, leave 40 cm wide to each side of the shed, shed the middle according to strip wi
14、dth 1.2 m, 20 cm wide strip, according to the planting distance 60 cm for transplanting, each ridge cultivation shade 1 row crops. In early may a big greenhouses. For Chinese wolfberry dishes as well as production, growth of shade. 3肥水管理3 water management 枸杞移栽成活后,每3040d追施腐熟人畜粪或火土灰22.5t/hm2,根据土壤墒情和枸杞
15、菜长势每1520d浇水1次,对生长势弱的田块,追施尿素75150kg/hm2。Chinese wolfberry after transplanting survival, every 30 40 d topdressing rotten or human and animal dung HuoTuHui 22.5 t/hm2, according to the soil moisture and water looks like the Chinese wolfberry dishes every 15 20 d 1 times, looks like the opposite weaker
16、 field, topdressing urea from 75 150 kg/hm2. 4温度管理4 temperature management 大棚枸杞菜为周年生产,一般10月下旬,当外界日平均气温下降至15以下时盖大棚膜保温,最初57d进行大通风,当枸杞苗慢慢适应大棚气候条件后,将大棚膜盖严。4月上旬当外界日平均气温稳定在10以上时,掀开大棚四周薄膜,通风炼苗,1周后撤除大棚膜。7月上旬当外界日平均气温上升至25以上时,覆盖6m宽、遮荫度为70%的遮阳网降温,9月上旬撤下遮阳网。Greenhouses wolfberry dishes for the anniversary produ
17、ction, usually in late October, when outside dropped to the average daily temperature 15 below cover greenhouse film insulation, initially for 5 7 d for ventilation, when Chinese wolfberry miao slowly adapt to greenhouse climate condition, the greenhouse film cover tightly. Early April when the outs
18、ide world, stable average temperature above 10 when, around open shed film, ventilation smelting plants, 1 week after removal of greenhouse film. Early July when the daily average temperature rise to more than 25 , covering 6 m wide sun-shade net cooling, shading degree was 70%, down sun-shade net i
19、n September. 5整枝修剪5 training clip 枸杞生长后期,要重剪植株,保持高度50cm左右。通过修剪植株,可迫使侧芽、隐芽萌发,形成丛状多头矮化植株,酿酒设备使嫩头密集在一个水平面上,便于采摘,且嫩茎粗、嫩叶大、品质佳。Chinese wolfberry at later growth stage, heavier cutting plants, maintain 50 cm. Through pruning plants, forcing lateral bud, bud germination, formation of plexiform long dwarf p
20、lants, tenderize intensively in a horizontal plane, convenience of picking, and tender stem diameter, leaves large, good quality. 6病虫草害防治6 disease cordyceps harm prevention and control 贯彻“预防为主,综合防治”的植保方针,坚持以农业防治、物理防治、生物防治为主,化学防治为辅的原则。提倡实行轮作;选好母枝,用健壮枝条进行繁殖,培育无病虫壮苗;创造适宜的环境条件,加强生产管理,使植株生长发育良好;及时清园,将枯枝杂
21、草集中销毁,减少田间病虫源。破壁灵芝孢子粉胶囊用黄板诱杀蚜虫;用频振式杀虫灯诱杀害虫。积极保护和利用天敌,推广使用生物药剂。枸杞菜的病虫害较轻,主要是蚜虫,为害初期及时喷药防治,可选用20%杀灭菊酯2 000倍液、50%灭蚜净3 000倍液、10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂1 500倍液等防治。枸杞苗生长过程中,应注意及时做好除草工作。发现枸杞田中有杂草要及时拔除,以免杂草与枸杞争夺养分。Implement the prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control of plant protection principle, adhere to
22、 the predominantly agricultural control, physical control, biological control, chemical control is complementary principle. Advocates rotation; Choose good mother branches, with strong branches to reproduce, no insect and seedling cultivation; Create suitable environmental conditions, strengthening
23、production management, make good plant growth and development; Timely clear garden, will dead branches weeds destruction, reduce the source of diseases and pests in the field. Use yellow plate traps in aphids; Using frequency vibration type kill pest insect light traps. Positive protection and utili
24、zation of natural enemies, promote the use of biological agents. Chinese wolfberry dishes of disease and insect is lighter, mainly is the aphids, early prevention and control of spraying in time, can choose 20% kill chrysanthemum ester 2 000 times liquid, 50% aphid net 3 000 times liquid, 10% imidac
25、loprid wettable powder 500 times liquid to prevent. Wolfberry seedling growth process, attention should be paid in a timely manner to do a good job of weeding. Found wolfberry Tian Zhongyou weeds to pull out in time, lest the weeds and medlar compete for nutrients. 7采收7 harvest 当新萌发枝条长到20cm以上,在基部叶片老
26、化前,于基部掐取嫩梢。采摘包装时,应防止枸杞叶内混入泥沙、杂草等杂质。植株长至约55cm高时,将整个枝条剪下上市,剪至离地面510cm,采收间隔期4555d。植株长至约35cm高时,可进行第1次叶片采收,每次采收保留1215cm嫩梢,采收间隔期为1418d。植株长至约30cm高时,可进行第1次嫩梢采收,泰山奇石将嫩梢部分510cm采下,采收间隔期为1214d。Germination when the new branches grow to more than 20 cm, in front of the basal leaf aging, on the base device for ten
27、der tip. When picking packing, should prevent Chinese wolfberry leaves mixed with silt, weeds and other impurities. Plants grow to about 55 cm high, the entire branches cut off, cut to 5 10 cm off the ground, harvest intervals of 45 55 d. Plants grow to about 35 cm high, the first blade can be harvested, each retain 12 15 cm tender tip, harvested recovery intervals is 14 18 d. Plants grow to about 30 cm high, the first tender tip can be harvested, will tender tip plucked, part 5 10 cm harvest intervals of 12 14 d.