人教版八年级英语下册各单元知识点(共28页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上八年级下册期末复习知识点汇总 各单元内容架构:Unit 1 Whats matter? (关注个人健康) 单元话题:谈论如何保持身体健康的话题 语 法:掌握询问某人的身体情况并给对方提建议的相关句型 写作话题:谈论如何保持健康,或者给针对对方的问题给对方提建议Uint 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks. (关注社会公益活动) 单元话题:谈论公益活动的话题 语 法:动词不定式的学习和使用,动词短语的分类 写作话题:写一封求职信Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? (关注家庭关系) 单元

2、话题:谈论家务活的话题 语 法:掌握委婉提出请求,或征询对方许可的相关问句以及回答方式 写作话题:写一篇议论文,谈谈对青少年的一些行为是赞同还是反对(如:该不该做家务,该不该穿校服)Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents? (关注青少年心理健康) 单元话题:谈论青少年的烦恼以及如何减压的话题 语 法:掌握提建议的句型,掌握until , so that,although 引导的状语从句的使用 写作话题:写一篇议论文,谈谈青少年该如何减压。写一封信给别人提建议该如何减压Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainsto

3、rm came?(关注人们面对灾难时的团结精神) 单元话题:谈论回顾历史重大事件发生时的情况 语 法:掌握过去进行时的使用方法 写作话题:介绍当某件大事发生的时候,你在做什么?你的家人或朋友在做什么?Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountain. (关注中西方古典文学) 单元话题:谈论中西方古典文学故事 语 法:as soon as,so.that , unless用法 写作话题:讲述一个童话故事Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world? (关注濒危动物的保护) 单元话题:谈论各种世界之最,保护濒危

4、动物 语 法:形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法 写作话题:介绍一种濒危动物,并谈谈如何保护这种动物Unit 8 Have you ever read Treasure Island? (关注西方文学和西方音乐类型) 单元话题:了解一些西方古典著作,了解乡村音乐 语 法:现在完成时的使用(定义,结构,基本句型) 写作话题:介绍一首自己喜欢的歌曲或者一本自己喜欢的书Unit 9 Have you been to a museum? (关注中外不同地域文化) 单元话题:了解一些中外旅游景点 语 法:现在完成时中have been to , have gone to , have been i

5、n 的区别 写作话题:介绍一个旅游城市Unit 10 Ive had this bike for five years. (关注旧物利用和家乡的变化) 单元话题:谈论旧物利用的话题,以及家乡变化 语 法:现在完成时“未完成”情况的用法。(短暂性动词变延续性动词) 写作话题:介绍童年时期你最喜欢的一件东西,以及它对你的意义。或谈家乡的变化 Unit 1 Whats the matter?语法一:询问某人的身体情况并给对方提建议一、询问某人身体情况:Whats the matter/trouble with sb? = Whats wrong with sb? = What happened to

6、 sb?注:with为介词,后跟某人。如果接人称代词时,用人称代词的宾格形式。二、表达身体不舒服时的常用句型: (1)主语 + have a cold/fever/cough/nosebleed/flu(流感).(2)主语 + have a .ache . (3)主语 + have a sore + 身体部位 (4)There is something wrong with sbs+ 身体部位(5)主语 hurt/cut sbs +身体部位.三、给别人提建议的句型:1. . should do sth . “.应该.”2. . need to do sth . “.需要.”3. Youd be

7、tter do sth . “你最好.”语法二:反身代词 (oneself)单数 : myself , yourself , himself , herself , itself复数 : ourselves , yourselves , themselves总结:1. 第一、二人称反身代词前面部分是_物主代词,第三人称反身代词前面部分是人称代词_格形式。2. 单数反身代词后面部分是_, 复数反身代词后面部分是_。3. 反身代词常用于一些固定短语或句型中:常用短语: teach oneself “自学” by oneself “独自” enjoy oneself “玩的开心” speak to

8、oneself “自言自语”句型:Help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃些鱼吧。 Please make yourself at home. 把这里当自己家,别客气。知识点:1. too much , too many 和much too 区别(1) too much , too many都翻译为“太多”,但是 too much修饰不可数名词,而too many修饰可数名词。(2)much too翻译为“太、非常”,相当于very,pretty,quite。2.lie 的用法(1) lie动词“说谎”“躺,躺下”,动名词形式为:lying(2) lie 过去式lied

9、 ,过去分词lied ,(译为“说谎”)(3) lie 过去式lay ,过去分词lain ,(译为“躺”)(4) lie作名词(可数名词)“谎言”。He often tells lies.3.without 和 with 区别(1)with 可译为“和.一起”或 ”带有.” The girl with long hair is my sister.(2)without 译为“没有”,后接名词、代词,动名词。如: Wang Ping stopped the bus without thinking twice . “毫不犹豫” Tom went to school without breakfa

10、st.5.expect 用法 短语:expect(sb) to do sth “期待(某人)做某事”6.agree 和 disagree区别(1) agree “同意”,名词是 agreement “同意”(2) disagree “不同意”,名词是 disagreement “异议”短语: agree/disagree with sb “同意/不同意某人的观点” agree/disagree to do sth“同意/不同意做某事”7. have trouble (in) doing sth = have problem/difficulty (in) doing sth 翻译为“做某事有困

11、难”8. thanks to . 和thanks for .区别(1) Thanks for . 翻译为“因.而感谢”,强调感谢的原因(2) Thanks to . 翻译为“多亏.”“由于.的帮助”,同义短语是:with the help of ,后面接名词,代词或动名词。例句:Thanks for your advice/help. Thanks to/With the help of you , I improved my English .9.on time 和in time 区别(1)on time “准时”,具体是指按照规定的时间完成了某事;(2)in time “及时”,指正赶上时

12、候或恰好在需要的时候完成了某事10.sick 和ill 区别 Tom was ill/sick yesterday. 他昨天生病了。 The sick man is in hospital. 这个病人在住院。 结论:(1)sick 可作为表语和定语, (2)ill 只可作为表语,名词为illness “疾病”11. be used to 用法Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来造纸。 Aron is used to taking risks. Aron习惯冒险。结论:(1)be used to do sth 翻译为“被用来做某事”,主语是物。 (2)be/get

13、used to doing sth 翻译为“习惯做某事”,主语是人。拓展:used to do sth “过去常常做某事”I used to swim in the river when I was young.12.run out 和 run out of 区别My money ran out .I ran out of my money.(1) run out 的主语是物,“某物用完了”(2) run out of 的主语是人,of 后接某物,指“某人用完了.”13. because 和 becasuse of 区别(1)because 后接句子,表示原因。(2)because of 后接

14、名词、代词、动名词,表示原因14. 被动语态“be + 动词的过去分词”,组成被动语态,表示 “被.”, 后面可以跟by sb/sth ,强调动作的发出者。Arons right arm was caught by a big rock.Unit 1 重点短语take some medicine 吃药 take one s temperature 量体温in the same way 以同样的方式 give up doing sth 放弃做某事on the side of . 在.的边上 keep on doing sth “继续做某事”to one s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 ge

15、t out of 离开;从出来be ready to do sth “乐意做某事” 或“准备做某事”Unit1写作话题:(1) 话题1:写一篇议论文谈论如何保持健康(2) 话题2:给某人写信,针对对方出现的问题给对方提出建议范文:Dear Jack, Im sorry to hear that you have so many problems.I am worried about you.And I will try my best to help you. Firstly, I think you should be in control of your time to play comp

16、uter games. I think you spent too much time playing computer games. So you have a headache and have a sore eye. Secondly I think you shouldnt stay up late to play computer games. Because if you do it, your mind will feel so excited that you have problems sleeping. And it will make you feel tired. Fi

17、nally I think you should keep away from computer games. Its bad for your health and study to play computer games every day. If you want to be healthy, you should have a healthy lifestyle. I hope my advice can help you. Yours, 写作参考句型:1.如今,越来越多的人知道保持健康的重要性。Today,more and more people know the importanc

18、e of keeping healthy.2.对我们来说保持健康是很重要的。Its important for us to keep healthy.3.每个人都应该拥有健康的生活方式(lifestyle)Everyone should have a healthy lifestyle.4.我们应该如何保持健康呢?下面是我的一些建议。How should we keep healthy?Here is some of my advice.5.如果你遵循我的建议,你一定能拥有一个健康的身体If you follow my advice,you will have a healthy body.6

19、.总的来说,健康的身体来自于健康的生活方式,健康的饮食习惯和足够的锻炼。All in all,healthy body comes from healthy lifestyle,healthy eating habits and enough exercise.7.现在,你知道怎么保持健康了吗?Now,do you know how to keep healthy?.8.we should/can/need to . . 我们应该/可以/需要. 。9.做.也是一个保持健康的好办法V-ing . is also a good way to keep healthy. Unit 2 Ill hel

20、p to clean up the city parks.语法一:动词不定式的使用(to do sth)一、动词不定式的基本形式是:(1)“to+动词原形”,常写作to do ,否定形式为not to do 。如:want to do sth , ask sb not to do sth(2) 不带to的不定式,在固定的短语中会出现。 如: let sb do sth , see sb do sth 二、动词不定式的用法动词不定式常在句中作:主语、宾语、宾语补足语、后置定语和目的状语等。 1.作主语。(此时常用 it 作为形式主语)如: It is very useful to learn f

21、oreign languages.2.作宾语。(1)跟在某个谓语动词之后 如:want to do sth , plan to do sth等。(2)“疑问词+不定式”作宾语 如:I know how to solve the problem.3.作后置定语。 (修饰前面的名词)I have a good way to solve your problem. 4.作目的定语。 (表示做某事的目的)He will go to the station to meet his friends. 5.作宾语补足语。放在sb之后(1)(带to的不定式)用于类似“ask sb to do sth “的短语

22、中(2)(不带to的不定式)用于类似“let sb do sth “的短语中拓展:后面常接不带to的动词不定式的谓语动词有:使役动词: let/make/have sb do sth “让某人做某事”感官系动词:feel/hear/see/watch/notice sb do sth 语法二:动词短语的分类一、动词+介词结构 (简称 “动介” 结构短语) 如:look for ,listen to .二、动词+副词结构 (简称 “动副” 结构短语)如:look up , hand out , cut up , give up等。动副结构短语用法:代词放_ , 名词放_。三、动词+副词+介词结构

23、 (简称_动副介_结构短语)如:come up with “提出.”, look forward to sth/doing sth (期待某物 / 期待做某事) get out of “脱离.” , run out of “耗尽,用完.” 等。4、 动词+名词+介词结构 (简称_动名介_结构短语) 如:take part in ,take care of , make fun of(取笑.), pay attention to (注意.) 等。五:be + 形容词 + 介词如:be good at/to/for/with . be interested in .知识点:1.volunteer

24、用法:(1)volunteer 作名词:“志愿者” (2)volunteer 作动词:“义务做,自愿做” 短语:volunteer to do sth. 自愿做 2.care for = look after = take care of “关心、照顾” 3. put off “推迟” ,是“动词+副词”结构短语 常用短语:put off sth 翻译是“ 推迟某事 ” put off doing sth翻译是“ 推迟做某事 ”4.used to 和 be used to 区别:They used to live in Beijing. Tom used to be shy when he w

25、as young.I didnt use to have long hair. = I usednt to have long hair.Did you use to play the piano? = Used you to play the piano?结论:(1)used to后跟动词的 原形 ,表示“过去常常做某事”。(2)否定句: “主语+ didnt use to +动词原形+其他” 或 “主语+ usednt to + 动词原形+其他”(3)一般疑问句:“Did +主语+use to+动词原形+其他?” 或 “Used+主语+ to +动词原形+其他?”(4)be used to

26、 do sth 翻译为“ 某物被用来做某事 ” ,主语是 物 (5)be used to doing sth 翻译为“ 某人习惯做某事 ” ,主语是 人5. alone和 lonely区别 (1)alone多用作副词“单独、独自”,修饰谓语动词。(2)lonely作形容词,“寂寞的,孤独的”,可以作表语和定语。例:He lives in the small house alone,but he never feels lonely. I am a lonely man. 6.want用法:(1)want to do sth (2)want sb to do sth (3)want to be

27、+名词/形容词 “想成为.,想变得.”注意: want = would like ,但是变否定句和一般疑问句方法不一样。7. so 和such 区别(1)so 可以修饰形容词、副词。You are so beautiful.(2)such a/an+形容词+名词单数 = so+形容词+a/an+名词单数。翻译为“ 如此.的一个. ” Tom is so lazy a boy.= Tom is such a lazy boy(3)若形容词后面修饰名词复数或不可数名词,则用such I have such busy things to do today. You cant drink such h

28、ot milk.(4)当用many和much 修饰名词时,则用 so 。 There are so many people in the bus stop. 8. the look of . 翻译为“ .的表情 ” ,look是名词“表情”。9. at the age of . = when sb was . 翻译为“ 当某人.岁的时候 ”10. ones own . 翻译为 “某人自己的.”翻译:我有我自己的梦想。 I have my own dream.( ) 注意:反身代词_(不能/能)接名词。I have myself dream( X ).11. decide用法; decide是动

29、词,“ 决定 ”,其名词是 decision ,翻译为“ 决定 ”常用短语:decide to do sth = make a decision to do sth _ decide not to do sth _12.take after = look like + be like “像.”13.make it possible (for sb) to do sth “使(某人)做.成为可能”。此短语中it作为形式宾语,代替to do sth作宾语翻译:早起使他在早上晨跑成为可能。 Getting up early makes it possible for him_(run) in the

30、 morning .14.make a(big)difference to . “对.有(很大)影响”15.get sb sth = get sth to sb “把某物给某人”拓展:get sth for sb “ 为某人取得某物。”16. be able to 和can 的区别(1)be able to 表示“能力”,可以用于各种时态。 如:I will be able to make alot of money.(2)can表示“能力”,只可用于一般过去式和一般现在时。17.feel lucky to do sth “对做.感到幸运”18.show sb sth = show sth t

31、o sb “给某人看某物” ,“想某人展示.”Unit2写作话题:写一封求职信Dear Sir or Madam, Thanks for reading my application. Im glad to learn that your library need a computer teacher. Im interested in this job. I love working with computers. And Im good at explaining how to use new software to young students. I know that many peo

32、ple go there to use the computers so I want to help out as a volunteer at your library. Im free to help on weekends and sometimes in the evenings. I think I will do a good job if you allow me to join you. Please let me know if I can get the job. Im looking forward to your reply.Your truly,Jiang Hua参

33、考句型:Step 1.Beginning(介绍写信目的)Thanks for reading my application.Im glad to learn that. _ Step 2.Body(介绍自己为何能胜任这个工作)I love.I am good at. I can . . _ Step3.Ending(表达自己希望得到工作的心情)I think I will do a good job if you. _ Please let me know if I can get the job. _ I hope to hear from you soon. _ Im looking fo

34、rward to your reply. _ Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?语法:情态动词could的用法。(一)could作为can 的过去式,表示过去的能力。(此时回答could引导的一般疑问句用_can/could)Could you swim at the age of 5? 翻译:_.Yes,I could. No,I couldnt.(二)礼貌、委婉地提出请求Could you(please). ? 肯定回答:Sure. Of course. All right. No problem. With pleasure(我的荣幸。)否定

35、回答:Sorry, I cant. I must/have to . . Im afraid I cant. I must/have to . . (三)礼貌、委婉地请求对方的许可Could I/we . ? 肯定回答:Sure. Of course. All right.否定回答:Sorry, you cant . You must . . No, you cant . You must . . 知识点:1.mess “杂乱” 常用短语:in a mess “乱七八糟”(放句末) make a mess of . 把 .弄得一团糟 Toms room is in a mess. Dont m

36、ake a mess of your room.2.work on “用.工作”My father is working on my computer. 3.the minute . = as soon as . 翻译为: “一.就.”,引导时间状语从句。 The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over. = my mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.4.neither用法(1)“neither+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”,翻译为“.也不”,表示此

37、人和前面的人的情况一样不.。Tom doesnt like math. Neither does Eric. Bob isnt good at English. Neither am I. My father cant swim. Neither can my mother 注意:此短语中的谓语使用根据前面与前面句子的谓语动词保持一致。(2) neithernor意为“既不也不”或“.和.都不.”,链接两个主语时,谓语动词单复数遵循“就近原则”。Neither Lily nor Lucy _is_(is/are) here. (3)neither作代词,意为“两者都不”,反义词为both,常用

38、结构为“neither of. + 谓语(可单可复)”。Neither of us have/has a basketball. 5.as + adj/adv + as “和.一样”I am as tall as my father. (谓语动词是系动词,此时as . as 中间用 _词)I run as fast as you. (谓语动词是实义动词,此时as . as 中间用 _词)6.take out 和take out of 的区别 take out (动副结构)“拿出来, 取出来”take sth out of 把从拿出来请把你的英语书从你的书包里面拿出来。_7.hang out w

39、ith sb 翻译为:_8.pass sb sth = pass sth to sb 翻译为:_9.finish doing sth “做完某事”10.borrow 和 lend 的区别(1)borrow(v)“借入”,指的是向别人借东西 常用短语:borrow sth from sb 翻译为:“ 向某人借某物 ”(2)lend(v)“借出、借给 ”,指的是把东西借给别人,lend的过去式: lent 常用短语:lend sth to sb = lend sb sth 翻译为:“ _ ”11.hate (v)“讨厌、恨、厌恶”,同义词 dislike 常用短语:hate/dislike to

40、do sth = hate/dislike doing sth 12.invite用法 invite (v) “邀请”,其名词形式是: invitation “邀请,邀请函”常用短语:invite sb to+地点 翻译为:“ 邀请某人去某地 ”invite sb to do sth 翻译为:“ 邀请某人做某事 ”13.have (no) time to do sth “有(没有)时间做某事 ”14.enough 的用法I have enough time to finish the work. (enough 放名词前面)I am old enough to take care of mys

41、elf. (enough 放形容词词后面) 15.in order to 用法(1)“in order to + 动词原形”,翻译为:“为了.”,做目的状语,通常放句首,相当于 to do sth。 In order to get better grades, I will study harder. = I will study harder to get better grades.(2)in order that. 和 so that.(以便于),也可以引导目的状语,但是that后面接的是从句。In order to get better grades, I will study harder. = I will study harder in order that I can get better grades .= I will study harder so that I can get

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