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1、初三英语上册（外研版）Module 3 Heroes知识点总结一、重点词汇 including 原文再现Shes won many world competitions, including four gold medals in the Olympics. 她赢了许多世界比赛，其中包括四块奥运会金牌。基本用法 including prep. 包含；包括，和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语。 There are 40 students in the classroom, including me. 包括我在内，教室里有40名学生。知识拓展-相关单词 1. include vt. 包括，包含；算
2、在内，列在里面。如： Is service included in the bill? 帐单中包含服务费吗？ 2.included adj. 包括在内，无比较级和最高级形式。如： Everyone laughed, me included. 每个人都笑了，包括我在内。 medal 原文再现 Shes won many world competitions, including four gold medals in the Olympics. 她赢了许多世界比赛，其中包括四块奥运会金牌。基本用法 medal n. 奖牌；奖章 gold medal 意为：金牌。 He got a medal f
3、or bravery.他因勇敢而获得一枚奖章。Theyll make a medal in memory of the great victory. 他们将为纪念这一伟大的胜利制作一枚纪念章。知识拓展-词义辨析：prize/medal 1. prize “奖赏，奖金，奖品”，多指在竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得， 有的凭运气获得。Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition. 参加我们报纸的竞赛可赢得数以百计的奖品。the Nobel prize 诺贝尔奖prize 也可以做动词，作动词 “珍视，珍藏
4、；估价，评价” 2. medal是名词，意为勋章，奖章；纪念章He got a medal for bravery. 他因勇敢而获得一枚奖章。 once again 原文再现 Once again she worked hard, and seven years later, she completed her doctors degree at Cambridge University. 她再次努力学习，七年后，她在剑桥大学拿到了学位证。基本用法 once again 意为“再一次”，相当于once more。如： Ill tell you how to do it once again.
5、我再告诉你一次怎麽做。 degree 原文再现 Once again she worked hard, and seven years later, she completed her doctors degree at Cambridge University. 她再次努力学习，七年后，她在剑桥大学拿到了学位证。基本用法 degree n. 学位；程度；度数。如： He went down without taking a degree. 他没获得学位就离开了大学。（degree意为：学位）They cannot be trusted in the slightest degree. 对他们
6、一点也不能相信。（degree 意为：程度 ）Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius. 水在摄氏零度结冰。（degree 意为：度数） give up 原文再现 Whatever she does, she never gives up! 她无论做什么，都不放弃！基本用法 give up 意为“放弃（努力）”，是动副短语，如果是代词作宾语，必须放在中间。如： He wanted them to give up the plan. 他想让他们放弃这个计划。give up doing sth. 意为“放弃做某事”。如：Although maths is very di
7、fficult, dont give it up. 尽管数学很难，但别放弃它。You must give up smoking. 你必须戒烟。 amazing 原文再现 Thats amazing! 真是令人惊叹！基本用法 amazing adj. 惊人的；极好的，其主语通常为事物；amazed 意为“吃惊的；惊愕的”。如： Just look at it. Isnt it amazing? 你看看，真叫人惊叹！ I was amazed to see how readily I understood. 令我吃惊的是，我竟理解得这么透彻。 will 原文再现 Deng says that sh
8、e isnt cleverer than anyone else, but she has a very strong will. 邓女士说她并不比别人聪明，但是她有坚强的意志。基本用法 1.will n. 意志；决心。如：Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 2. will aux. 将；愿意；必须。如： I will do my best. 我将会尽力而为。出题建议 题型可选择单词短语翻译、适当形式填空（单句类）。 victory 原文再现 Yes, and she helped make the Beijing Olympics
9、a victory for world sport. 是的，并且她帮助使得北京奥运会在世界运动会中取得了胜利。基本用法 victory n. 成功；胜利。如： I have every reason to be confident of our victory. 我有充分的理由坚信胜利是属于我们的。 simply 原文再现 Shes simply the best! 她是最好的！基本用法 simply adv. 实在；的确。如： Most of these problems wont simply dissolve. 大多数这些问题不会简单地解决。知识拓展-相关单词 simple adj. 简
10、单的；朴素的；单纯的；笨的。如： There are five simple beds in this room. 这个房间里有五个简单的床。I like my clothes to be simple but elegant. 我喜欢朴素但漂亮雅致的衣服。This love between you and me is simple as a song. 我和你之间的爱，单纯得象一首歌。 attend 原文再现 She began to study at Tsinghua University in Beijing and then attended university abroad. 她开
11、始在北京的清华大学学习，然后到国外的大学去深造。基本用法 1. attend 作动词，意为“出席；参加；上（学）”等。如：（过去式：attended 过去分词：attended 现在分词：attending 第三人称单数：attends） attend a meeting 参加会议 attend school 上学attend university 上大学2. attend 还可以表示“（医生、护士等）照顾；护理”。如：attend to sth.意为“致力于某事；专心于某事”。如：The nurse attends the patient. 护士照顾病人。If you dont attend
12、 to your work, you wont succeed. 如果你不专心工作，就不会成功。知识拓展-词义辨析：attend/join/join in/take part in/participate 这些动词或词组均含“参加，加入”之意。 1. attend: 侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等。 During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college. 暑假里，一些教师在学院里参加研究班。2. join :普通用词，指加入党派、团体或游戏活动等。His brother joined the army two year
13、s ago. 两年前他哥哥参军。3. join in：参加（某些活动）May I join in your discussion? 我可以参加你们的讨论吗？Many people join in the game every year. 每年许多人参加这个游戏活动。4. participate: 正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加。Everyone in the class is expected to participate in the discussion. 希望全班同学参加讨论。5. take part in: 侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者
14、在其中发挥一定的作用。A lot of college students took part in the movement last year. 去年很多大学生参加了那个运动。 abroad 原文再现 She began to study at Tsinghua University in Beijing and then attended university abroad. 她开始在北京的清华大学学习，然后到国外的大学去深造。基本用法 1.abroad adv. 在国外；到国外。如：at home and abroad 在国内外from abroad 从国外来的She worked ab
15、road for a year. 她在国外工作了一年。 2.abroad adv.在传播；在流传。如： The news soon spread abroad. 消息很快就传开了。 as well as 原文再现 Well, I think shes a good student as well as a good player. 嗯，我认为她不仅是一位好运动员，而且还是一个好学生。基本用法 as well as 意为“除以外还；和一样也”，是并列连词，用来连接并列成分。连接并列主语时，谓语 动词的数与前一个主语保持一致。如：I, as well as you, am from China.
16、我和你一样来自中国。知识拓展-词义辨析：as well/as well as 1. as well as：也；不仅而且；意同，not only but also具有连词性。如：She is my friend as well as my doctor. 他不仅是我的医生，也是我的朋友。Small towns as well as big cities are being industrialized. 小城市与大城市一样都在迅速实现工业化。2. as well：也；具有副词性，大致相当于also 或 too。如：He can speak Chinese as well. 他汉语说得也好。 si
17、ck 原文再现 Dr Bethune developed new ways of taking care of the sick. 白求恩医生研制出了新方法照料病人。基本用法 sick adj. （感觉）不舒适的；生病的，在句中可作表语或定语。如： Youll be sick if you eat any more of that candy. 如果你再吃那种糖果，就会感到恶心。 He wants a woman to look after his sick wife.他想让一位妇女照顾他虚弱的妻子。the sick 可泛指“病人”。如：The sick and the aged need o
18、ur help. 病人和老人需要我们帮助。知识拓展-词义辨析：sick/ill 1. ill “病”，常用作表语，一般不作名词的前置定语用；而sick可直接作前置定语用。如： She is looking after her sick mother. （不能用ill） 她在照顾她生病的母亲。 He was ill yesterday. 昨天他病了。 2.ill 可放在被修饰的名词后面。如： He is a man ill with TB. 他是一个患肺结核的人。 3. ill 的比较级和最高级分别是worse和worst. 表病重时，一般不说heavily ill/ sick.而应说： ser
19、iously sick/ ill。如： He caught a cold and soon got worse. 他得了伤风，不久就更厉害了。 His uncle is seriously ill. 他的叔叔病得很重。 soldier 原文再现 He became a doctor in 1916 and went to Spain in 1936 to treat the wounded soldiers during the war there. 他在1916年成为一名医生，1936年他去了西班牙，为那里战争中受伤的战士们治疗。基本用法 soldier n. 军人；战士。如： I beli
20、eve he is meant to be a soldier. 我相信他天生是要当军人的。 treat 原文再现 He became a doctor in 1916 and went to Spain in 1936 to treat the wounded soldiers during the war there. 他在1916年成为一名医生，1936年他去了西班牙，为那里战争中受伤的战士们治疗。基本用法 1. treat v. 对待；治疗 （过去式：treated 过去分词：treated 现在分词：treating 第三人称单数：treats） Do not treat a nau
21、ghty child rough. 不要粗暴地对待顽皮的孩子。 Doctors treated her with aspirin. 医生用阿司匹林为她治疗。 This boy is being treated for a heart condition. 这个男孩正在接受心脏病治疗。 2. treat n. 款待。如： Her enthusiastic treat made us very happy. 她的热情款待使我们感到非常高兴。知识拓展-相关短语 1. treatwith 以对待。如：We should treat people and animals with humanity. 我
22、们应该仁慈地对待人和动物。2. treatas 把当作对待。如：I decided to treat his remark as a joke. 我决定把他的话当作戏言。 wound 原文再现 He became a doctor in 1916 and went to Spain in 1936 to treat the wounded soldiers during the war there. 他在1916年成为一名医生，1936年他去了西班牙，为那里战争中受伤的战士们治疗。基本用法 1. wound v. 受伤 （过去式：wounded 过去分词：wounded 现在分词：woundi
23、ng 第三人称单数：wounds） the wounded表示一类人，意为“伤员”，类似的有：the rich富人；the poor穷人；the sick病人。 Many of the wounded died on their way to hospital. 许多伤员死在去医院的途中了。 2.wound n. 伤；伤口。如： He received a serious wound in the battle.在这次战斗中他受了重伤。war 原文再现 He became a doctor in 1916 and went to Spain in 1936 to treat the wound
24、ed soldiers during the war there. 他在1916年成为一名医生，1936年他去了西班牙，为那里战争中受伤的战士们治疗。基本用法 war n. 战争，be at war with意为“与交战”。如： “The war will continue another two or three years,” he said.” “这场战争还会再持续两三年的时间，”他说道。 The country has been at war with itsneighborfor two years. 这个国家与邻国已打了两年仗了。 The two families are at w
25、ar with each other. 两家彼此不和。 realise 原文再现 He soon realised that many people were dying because they did not get to hospital quickly enough. 他很快意识到许多人死亡是因为他们没有及时地得到救治。基本用法 realise v. 了解；意识到；实现；明白；变现。（过去式：realised 过去分词：realised 现在分词：realising 第三人称单数：realises） He didnt realise how late it was. 他并没有意识到已经
26、有多晚了。 You were acting like you didnt realise that. 看起来好象你没意识到那点。Many parents hopes that their children can realise their unfilled ambitions. 很多父母试图在他们的儿女身上实现他们的梦想。知识拓展-相关单词 realization n. 实现；领悟；实得。如： The idea of law is the realization of justice. 法律理念乃是正义的实现。 take care of 原文再现 Dr Bethune developed n
27、ew ways of taking care of the sick. 白求恩医生研制出了新方法照料病人。基本用法 take care of 意为“照顾；护理”。如： You are not (physically) strong, so you may as well take care of your health. 你的体格不壮，因此最好注意健康。知识拓展-词义辨析：take词组1. take up 占去，从事。如：She took up the receiver and began to dial the number. 她拿起听筒开始拨电话号码。When did you take u
28、p Japanese as a second foreign language?你什么时间开始选修日语作为第二语言?2. take off 起飞；脱掉。如：The plane took off despite the fog. 尽管有雾，飞机仍照常起飞。He came in and took off his coat. 他走了进来，脱掉大衣。3. take over 接管。如： The military took over the government. 军方接管了政府。4. take on 呈现。如：Then your company must take on a new look now.
29、 那你们公司现在肯定呈现出一番新的面貌了。5. take place 发生。如：An fatal accident took place at this cross three years ago. 这个十字路口三年前发生了一起死亡事故。 tool 原文再现 He invented special medical tools to use outside hospitals and close to the fighting areas so that doctors could treat the wounded more quickly. 他发明了特殊的医疗工具用于户外医院，并靠近阵地以便
30、医生们能够更快地给伤员治疗。基本用法 tool n. 工具；器械。如： Dont injure yourself with that tool. 不要让那工具伤害到你。 A vacuum cleaner is a handy household tool. 吸尘器是一种使用方便的家庭用具。 invention 原文再现 His inventions saved many lives. 他的发明拯救了很多人的生命。基本用法 invention n. 发明；发明物；虚构。如： Necessity is the mother of invention. 需要是发明之母。This story is a
31、pparently a complete invention. 这个故事显然完全是虚构的。知识拓展-相关单词 invent v. 发明（过去式：invented 过去分词：invented 现在分词：inventing 第三人称单数：invents） Can you tell me who invented the telephone? 你能告诉我是谁发明了电话吗？He always tries to invent something new. 他一直努力要发明新东西。 at that time 原文再现 At that time, there were few doctors, so he
32、had to work very hard on his own. 当时，医生很少，所以他不得不很辛苦地独自工作。基本用法 at that time 意为“那时候”，at the time也可以表示相同的意思；at a time 意为“一次；每次；一度”。如： At the time, he had a hard life. 那时他过着艰苦的生活。 You can just buy one ticket at a time. 你一次仅仅能买一张票。 on ones own 原文再现 At the time, there were few doctors, so he had to work v
33、ery hard on his own. 当时医生很少，所以他不得不很辛苦地独自工作。基本用法 on ones own 意为“独立地；独自地”，相当于all by oneself。如： He started a company on his own. 他独自创办了一个公司。 useful 原文再现His experience of treating people in Spain was useful in China. 他在西班牙的治疗经验在中国起到了作用。基本用法 useful adj. 有用的；有益的。如： It is a useful book and, what is more, n
34、ot an expensive one. 这是有用的书，更难得的是不贵。The book contains much useful information. 这本书包含了许多有用的资料。知识拓展 跟useful 变化相同的单词还有： 1. hopeful adj. 有希望的。如： Im hopeful that theyll fulfill the task on time. 他们会按时完成任务，对这一点，我是抱有希望的。2. helpful adj. 有帮助的。如：You are very helpful. 您真帮了我的大忙。These things are helpful for my l
35、ife. 而且对我的生活是有帮助的。 相关单词use v. 利用；对待；使用。如：They use a computer system to organize their data. 他们利用一个电脑系统整理数据。 rest 原文再现 Dr Bethune often worked very hard without resting or taking care of himself. 白求恩医生经常不休息或不照顾自己辛苦地工作。基本用法 1. rest v. 休息；睡眠（过去式：rested 过去分词：rested 现在分词：resting 第三人称单数：rests） It would be
36、 nice to sit down and rest for a while. 坐下来休息一会儿是很好的。 2.rest n. 休息，修养have a rest 意为：休息一下 3. rest v. 依靠；使（视线）停留在；搁在；依赖；基于。如： Rest the ladder against the wall. 把梯子靠在墙上吧。 His brown eyes rested on her for a moment. 他的棕色眼睛盯着她看了一会儿。The original manuscript rests in the museum. 原始手稿在博物馆里。How could a country
37、 rest its security on such promises? 一个国家怎么能让自己的安全依赖这类诺言呢?The whole point rests on a false assumption. 整个观点都是基于一个错误的假设。 manage 原文再现 Once, he even worked for sixty-nine hours without stopping and managed to save over a hundred lives. 有一次，他甚至没有间断地连续工作了69个小时，设法拯救了115条生命。基本用法 1. manage v. 做成；（尤指）设法完成（过去
38、式：managed 过去分词：managed 现在分词：managing 第三人称单数：manages） manage to do sth.意为“设法做某事”。如： How do you manage to do such a thing? 你是怎么设法做这样的事? 2. manage v. 管理。如： He managed the company when his father was away. 他父亲离开的时候，由他管理公司。 知识拓展-相关单词 manager n. 经理。如： I want to speak to the sales manager. 我想找营业部经理。He is t
39、he manager of the warehouse. 他是这个仓库的管理者。 operation 原文再现 One day in 1939, he cut his finger during an operation, but he continued his work without treating it. 有一天，他在手术过程中割伤了手指，但仍然继续工作。基本用法 1. operation n. 手术，have an operation意为“做手术”。如： This operation is dangerous for the old man. 对这位老人来说这台手术很危险。 2.
40、operationn.操作。如： The operation of this machine is simple.这个机器的操作很简单。知识拓展相关句型/结构sb. have an operation on sbs+身体的某部位。如：She has an operation on her left eye. 她的左眼做了手术。“sb. have an operation for + 疾病名称”意为“某人为了某种病动手术”。如：The boy has an operation for rhinitis. 这个男孩因鼻炎做了手术。 相关单词 operate v. “操作；运转；经营；动手术”。如：
41、 Its too difficult for him to operate this new machine.对他来说操作这台机器太难了。 continue 原文再现 One day in 1939, he cut his finger during an operation, but he continued his work without treating it. 有一天，他在手术过程中割伤了手指，但仍然继续工作。基本用法 continue v. （使）继续（过去式：continued 过去分词：continued 现在分词：continuing 第三人称单数：continues） co
42、ntinue sth./to do sth.意为“继续某事/做某事”，continue后也可以跟v-ing，即：continue doing sth.。如： I hope they continue to fight for peace. 我希望他们继续为和平而战。Continue reading until you remember it. 一直读直到你记住它。知识拓展-词义辨析：continue/go on 这些动词或短语均有“继续”之意。 1. continue: 普通用词。或指持续而不停止，或有一段中断后又继续下去。 He is to continue as manager. 他要继续
43、当经理。 2. go on: 通俗用词，多用于口语中。go on+-ing表暂停后继续做原事，相当于后继续的内容与原来的 内容相同。go on+不定式指做完某事后，接着做不同的另一件事。Let us go on to the next item on the agenda. 让我们继续讨论议程上的下一个项目。 Canada 原文再现 There are many books and films about him, and he is still remembered in both China and Canada today. 有许多关于他的书籍和电影，他仍然活在中国人民和加拿大人民的心中。基本用法 Canada n.加拿大，Canadian作名词，意为“加拿大人”，它也可以作形容词，表示“加拿大的； 加拿大人的”。如：She is from Canada. 她来自加拿大。They are Canadians. 他们是加拿大人。知识拓展-相关单词 ChinaChinese JapanJapanese AmericaAmerican RussiaRussian Fra