《测试卷（复习3）.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《测试卷（复习3）.doc（83页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、动词不定式用法小结清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授研究组提供动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语 例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作
2、形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： Its important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： Its good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for
3、 students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语： 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn,
4、 like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Dont forget to lock the door. 别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？ *如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例：（1）He wants to go and have a swim wit
5、h us. 他想和我们一起去游泳。 （2）若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用it作形式宾语。 I find it interesting to learn English with you. 我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣。 He found it hard to catch up with others. 他觉得赶上别人很困难。 四. 作宾语补足语。例如： The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning. 老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。 The teacher often tells Jim not to
6、 spend too much time playing computer games. 老师常告诉Jim不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 Please let me help you. 让我来帮助你。 动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式： 1.不可以省t
7、o的不定式作宾语补足语： tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth. 例：The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. I want you to go now. 我想让你现在就走。 Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 她父母亲希望她当老师。 2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语： Let / make / have sb. do sth. Let the boy go out now
8、. 让那个男孩出去。 The boy made the baby cry. 男孩弄哭了这个小孩。 see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth. I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday. 昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球。 I often hear the girl sing in the next room. 我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。 3.可省可不省的： help sb. （to）do sth. I often help my mother （to）do hous
9、ework. 我经常帮妈妈做家务。 *动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not. 例： （1）Tell them not to play football in the street. 告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。 （2）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not. 例： Let the boy not go. 让那个男孩别走。（3）如果将主动语态变为被动语态时，作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语，动词不定式则不省“to”，即原来省的再加上，例： The boy made the baby cry. The baby was made to cry by the boy. 那个孩
10、子被男孩弄哭了。 五. 动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。例： Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到的？ She has no paper to write on? 她没有纸写字？ The best way to learn English is to use it. 学英语最好的方法是使用它。 When is the best time to plant vegetables? 什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间？ Do you have something to drink? 你这有喝的吗？ *动词不
11、定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。例： I have no chair to sit on. 我没有椅子坐。 He has no house to live in. 他没有房子住。 六. 动词不定式作目的状语： 动词不定式作目的状语常用在go, come, hurry等不及物动词后，表目的。 He went to see his sister yesterday. 他昨天去看妹妹了。 They got up early to catch the early bus. 他们早起去赶早班车。 有时可以把
12、不定式（短语）提前，放于句首，表示强调目的。例： To early English quickly and well, he went to England. 为了更快更好地学英语，他去了英国。 七. 不定式和疑问词连用，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。例： The problem is where to get a computer. （表语） No one knows how to do it. 没有人知道如何做这件事。（宾） I really dont know which one to choose. （宾） 我真的不知道选哪一个。 When and where to have the
13、 party is not known. （主语） 何时何地举行联欢还不知道。 *不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。例： I dont know what to do next. 我不知下一步该做什么？ I dont know what I should do next. 【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟） 一. 选择填空： 1. He asked me _ here earlier. A. come B. to come C. coming D. came 2. Please tell him _ on the wall. A. dont draw B. to not draw
14、 C. not to draw D. not draw 3. He wanted _ a cup of tea. A. to have B. having C. have D. had 4. Id like _ a word with you. A. had B. having C. to have D. have 5. I came here _ my uncle. A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be seen 6. The man refused （拒绝）_ back his words. A. to take B. taking C. took D.
15、takes 7. I can let you _ one ticket. A. to have B. have C. having D. had 8. We often heard him _ in his room. A. to sing B. sings C. sang D. sing 9. He was made _ day and night. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 10. He stopped _ a look, but saw nothing. A. having B. to have C. have D. had 11.
16、My father was too angry _ a word. A. to say B. not to say C. to saying D. didnt say 12. My brother was old enough _ to school. A. went B. goes C. going D. to go 13. It is time _ him _ supper. A. of, to have B. for, to have C. of, having D. for, to has 14. Its very kind _ you _ me. A. of, to help B.
17、for, to help C. of, help D. of, helping 15. Its important _ our classroom clean every day. A. kept B. to keep C. to give D. keep 16. Before liberation （解放）they had no chance _ to school. A. went B. go C. to go D. to be gone 17. He said he had an important meeting _. A. attend B. would attend C. atte
18、nding D. to attend 18. Please give me a piece of paper _. A. to write B. to write on C. writing D. to write it 19. I dont know _. A. what do B. what will do C. what to do D. do what 20. Your radio needs _. A. to be repairedB. to repair C. repaired D. to repairing 21. My wish is _ a teacher. A. becom
19、ing B. to become C. become D. became 22. I want _ him a letter now. A. to write B. not write C. write D. wrote 23. It took us three days _ the trees. A. plant B. planted C. to plant D. plants 24. Why not _ here _ me? A. to come, to see B. come, to see C. came, seeing D. come, see 25. He wishes me _
20、my best _ hard at English. A. to do, to workB. doing, workingC. to do, workingD. do, work 26. Please tell me _ her. I have something _ her. A. where to find, telling B. where to find, to tell C. where can find, to tellD. where finding, telling 27. How happy they are _ each other again! A. to see B.
21、see C. saw D. being seen 28. They decided （决心）_ a letter _ their thanks. A. to write, expressing（表达） B. writing, express C. write, expressed D. to write, to express 29. The officer ordered （命令）him _ down _ a rest. A. lying, have B. to lie, to have C. to lie, havingD. lie, had 30. The headmaster call
22、ed on （号召）us _ hard for our country. A. to work B. worked C. work D. to working 二. 根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。 1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything. He was too angry _ _ anything. 2. I dont know when we will have the meeting. I dont know when _ _ the meeting. 3. He said he would write a l
23、etter. He said he would have a letter _ _. 4. That you read English in the morning is very important. It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning. 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石头） He was strong _ _ _ the stone. 6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. His father
24、 went to Beijing _ _ his holiday. 7. They got up early so that they could get there in time. They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _ _ the book. 9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall. He hopes _ _ the Great Wall. 10.I s
25、aw him go into the room. He was seen _ _ into the room. 11.We made him work five hours a day. He was made _ _ five hours a day. 12.Do you want to say anything for yourself? Do you have anything _ _ for yourself? 13.We dont know what we shall do next. We dont know what _ _ next. 14.Im very sorry on h
26、earing the bad news. Im very sorry _ _ the bad news. 15.He stopped and had a look at me. He stopped _ _ a look at me. 16.I helped him with his English. I helped him _ _ English. 17.My father promised （许诺）that he would buy me a bike. My father promised _ _ me a bike. 18.The box is so heavy that I can
27、t carry it. The box is too heavy _ me _ _. 19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog. The boy ordered his dog _ _ down. 20.“Dont make any noise, ”she said to me. She told me _ _ _ any noise. 【试题答案】 一. 1. B2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B6. A 7. B8. D 9. C 10. B11. A12. D 13. B14. A 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. B 19. C20.
28、A 21. B 22. A23. C 24. B 25. A26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B30. A 二. 1. to say 2. to have3. to write 4. for, to, read 5. enough, to lift6. to spend7. in, order, to, get 8. to buy9. to visit 10. to go11. to work12. to say 13. to do14. to hear15. to have 16. to learn（study） 17. to buy18. for, to carry19. to
29、lie 20. not, to make高考常用动词短语 (322)1.动词+about (8)1) bring about引起,使发生 2) care about关心,对.有兴趣 3) come about发生 4) hear about听说 5) set about 着手,开始 6) speak/talk about谈论 7) think about思考 8) worry about为.担心2.动词+away (14)1) blow away吹走 2) break away摆脱 3) carry away拿走,使入迷 4) clear away清除掉,消散 5) die away逐渐消失
30、6) give away背弃,泄露 7) pass away 去世 8) put away收拾起来,存起来 9) send away让走开 10) take away拿走 11) throw away 扔掉 12) turn away把.打发走 13) wash away冲走 14) wear away磨掉,消耗3.动词+at (18)1) aim at向.瞄准 2) call at拜访地点 3) come at 向.袭击 4) glance at匆匆一瞥 5) glare at怒视 6) knock at敲门,窗等 7) laugh at嘲笑 8) look at看,注视 9) point
31、at指向 10) run at冲向,向.攻击 11) shoot at向.射击 12) shout at冲某人嚷嚷 13) smile at冲某人笑 14) stare at凝视 15) strike at向.打击 16) tear at用力撕 17) wonder at惊讶 18) work at干.活动研究 4.动词+back (6)1) call back回电话 2) give back归还 3) hold back控制住 4) keep back隐瞒,忍住 5) look back回顾 6) take back拿回,收回5.动词+down (13)1) break down坏了,垮了,
32、分解 2) bring down使.降低,使倒下 3) burn down 烧毁 4) calm down平静下来 5) come down下落,传下6) cut down削减,砍倒 7) pass down 传下来 8) put down记下,写下,镇压 9) settle down 安家 10) slow down慢下来 11) take down记下,记录 12) tear down 拆毁,拆除 13) turn down调小,拒绝 6.动词+for (18)1) apply for申请 2) ask for要求得到 3) beg for乞求 4) call for要求,需要 5) ca
33、re for关心,喜欢 6) change for用.换 7) charge for收费,要价 8) come for来拿,来取 9) hope/wish for希望得到 10) hunt for寻找 11) long for渴望 12) look for寻找 13) run for竞选 14) search for查找 15) seek for寻找 16) stand for代表,表示 17) take for误以为.是 18) wait for等候7.动词+from (9)1) date from始于.时候 2) die from因.而死 3) differ from与.不同 4) hea
34、r from收到.来信 5) keep/stop/prevent from不让.做 6) learn from向.学习 7) result from由于 8) separate from把.分离开 9) suffer from受.苦8.动词+of (10)1) approve of赞成 2) become of发生.情况,怎么啦 3) complain of抱怨 4) consist of由.组成 5) die of死于 6) dream of梦到 7) hear of听说 8) speak of 读到 9) talk of谈到 10) think of想到9.动词+off (21)1) br
35、eak off打断 2) carry off携走,带走 3) come off脱掉,褪色 4) cut off切断,断绝 5) fall off跌落,掉下 6) get off脱下衣服等 7) get off下车 8) give off散发出9) go off走开,消失,坏了 10) keep off避开,勿走近 11) knock off把.撞落 12) leave off中断 13) pay off还清 14) put off延期,推迟 15) ring off挂断电话 16) see off送行 17) set off出发 18) show off炫耀 19) start off出发 2
36、0) take off脱下,起飞 21) turn/switch off关掉 10.动词+on (18)1) bring on使.发展 2) call on拜访 3) carry on继续,进行 4) depend on依靠 5) feed on以.为生 6) have on穿着 7) insist on坚持 8) keep/go on继续 9) live on以.为生 10) look on 旁观 11) move on 继续移动,往前走 12) pass on传授,传递 13) put on穿上,戴上,上演 14) rely on依靠 15) spend on在.花钱 16) take o
37、n 雇佣,呈现 17) try on试穿 18) turn/switch on打开 11.动词+out (29)1) break out爆发 2) bring out 阐明,使表现出 3) burst out迸发 4) carry out 执行 5) come out出版,出来 6) cross out划掉 7) figure out 算出 8) find out查出,弄明白 9) give out散发,分发,用完 10) go out 熄灭11) hand out 散发 12) help out救助 13) hold out坚持下去 14) keep out of使不进入,挡住 15) le
38、ave out省略,删掉 16) let out泄露,发出声音 17) look out当心,堤防 18) make out 理解,看清楚 19) pick out选出 20) point out指出 21) put out 扑灭 22) run out用完 23) send out发出,派遣 24) set out出发,着手 25) speak out大胆讲出 26) try out 试用,试验 27) turn out 结果是,生产 28) wear out穿破,使.疲劳 29) work out算出,想出办法等12.动词+in(15) 1) break in强制进入,插话 2) bring in引进,使得到收入 3) call in召集,来访 4) cut in插入 5) drop in拜访 6) fill in填写 7) get in收获,进入 8) give in让步 9) hand in上交 10) join in参加 11) look in来访,参观 12) persist in坚持 13) result in导致 14) succeed in在.获得成功 15) take in接纳,吸收13.动词+into(7) 1) burst into闯入,迸发 2) change