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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高考英语课本回来早读晚练 9 早读：.词汇短语过关 1respond vi.答复,答复；响应,作出反应 response n. 答复,回复；反应 respond to sb./sth.答复 比 answer, reply to 正式 respond to sb./sth. with/ by sth. 用 回应某人 事 respond to 疾病、身体的受伤部分 对医药有良好反应 response to sb./sth. 对人 /物的答复 /回复 /反应 in response to 作为对 的反应 即学即练 11They still haven
2、t _ my letter. 他们至今仍没有回我的信；2He _ my suggestion _ a laugh/_ laughing. 他对我的建议报以一 笑；3His illness didnt _ treatment by drugs. 他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应；4My mother opened the door _ the knock, but there was no one outside. 听到敲门声后,我妈妈打开了门,但外面一个人都没有；responded to , responded to , with , by , respond to , in response to
3、 2certain adj. 确定的；无疑的；某 种 1作“ 某 种 ” 讲时,同义于some.但 some 前不加冠词；for a certain reasonfor some reason 由于某种缘由 certain professors some professors 某些教授 a certain amount of time 相当一段时间 2作“ 确信的,有把握的” 讲时,同义于 sure.但是 certain 的主语既可以是人,也可用于 It is certain that. 句型,而 sure 主语只能是人；“ be certain/sure从句”人有把握 /确信 表示主 语的信
4、念 be certain/sure of/about sth. 人确信 表示主语的信念 be certain/sure to do sth. 必定 /确定会做某事 主语常 为二、三人称,表示说话人的信念 “ make certain/sure从句” 弄清晰 /确保 make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清晰 for certain/sure 确定地,准确地 做状语 It is certain that. 肯定会 不能用 sure 即学即练 21There was _ in his manner. 他的态度有点冷淡；2Are you _ it ？你对此有把握
5、吗？3He is _ his duty. 他确定会尽职；4_ he has wronged me. 我确信他冤枉了我；5_ their team will win the match. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 他们队确定会赢得竞赛；a certain coldness , certain about/of , certain to do , I m certain that , It s certain that3contain vt. 包含；容纳 hold ；抑制 control 即学即练 31His
6、paper _ no mistakes at all. 他的试卷没有一点错误；2Orange juice _ things which help keep you healthy. 橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西；3This bottle _ two glasses of beer. 这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒；4He couldnt _ for joy. 他不胜喜悦；contained , contains , contains , contain himself 4affect vt. 影响；感动； 疾病 侵袭be greatly/deeply affected 很/深受感动 be affecte
7、d by heat/cold 中暑 /着凉be affected with high fever 发高烧即学即练 41The amount of rain _ the growth of crops.降雨量直接影响庄稼生长；2One of her lungs _ a little so that she has to rest. 她的一叶肺有些感染,所以她不 得不休息；3The audience _ by his speech. 听众被他的演讲深深打动了；affects , is affected , were deeply affected 5appreciate vt. 观赏；感谢；喜爱
8、appreciation n. 观赏；感谢 appreciate sth. thank sb. 感谢某事或某人I would appreciate it if. 假如 ,我将不胜感谢；即学即练 51He highly _. 他特别感谢他的帮忙；2We shall _ you again. 我们将很兴奋再次收到您的来信；3I really _ to the party. 你能来参与这次聚会我太兴奋了；4I would _ you could help me. 假如你能帮忙我,我将不胜感谢；appreciated his help appreciate hearing from appreciat
9、e your coming appreciate it if 6succeed v胜利 C 胜利的人或事 success n. U胜利；成就 successful adj. 胜利的 successfully adv. 胜利地名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - succeed in doing sth. have success in doing sth. achieve great success 取得庞大的胜利 sb./sth. is a success 胜利的人或事 即学即练 61We all _ the mid
10、 term examination. 我们都胜利地通过 了期中考试；2Failure is the mother of _. 失败是胜利之母；3He was _ as a novelist. 他是特别胜利的小说家；succeeded in passing , success , a success 7harm vt. & n 损害；危害be harmful to do harm to 有害There is no harm in doing sth. It does no harm for sb.to do sth. 做某事是个好想法 或没有害处 ；即学即练 71The dog seems fi
11、erce, but it won 会损害任何人；t _ anyone.这条狗看上去很凶,但它不2Fruit juice can _ childrens teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿；3He may say no, but _ asking. 他可能拒绝,但问一问也无妨；harm , be harmful to , there is no harm in 8die out 灭亡,逐步消逝 die out 绝种,灭亡；熄灭；风俗、习惯等 逐步消逝 die off 家族、种族等 相继死亡； 草木 先后枯死 die away声音、光线、风等 渐弱,渐息,平静 声音 die down 火、光线、兴
12、奋、暴风雨等 渐弱,渐息；静下来 die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、哀痛等 die from 指由于外伤、外界缘由、马虎、不留意、劳累过度等而死 即学即练 81 Scientists said that those plants _ a century ago. 科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了；2 Many old customs _. 很多古老的风俗正逐步消逝；3If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle will _. 假如暴风雪不停息,牲畜就要死掉了；4Open the air hole; the fire is _. 把气孔
13、打开,火要熄了；died out , are dying out , die off , dying down 5Every winter some old people _ hypothermia. 每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低；6Nowadays many people _ cancer. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 现在有很多人死于癌症；die from , die of 9in danger of. 处于危急之中 out of danger 脱离危急 即学即练 91The drowned girl
14、 was obviously _. 很明显,那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕；2The old house is _ collapse. 那所老房子有倒塌的危急；3They were told at the hospital that their grandmother was _. 他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危急了；in immediate danger , in danger of , out of danger 拓展：与in/out of 搭配的短语in order 有秩序 in sight 看得见 in trouble 在困境中 in line 成行 队 in place 适合 /当
15、 in fashion 时尚 out of order 出故障 机器等工作不正常 out of sight 看不见 out of trouble 摆脱困境 out of line 不成始终线 out of place 不合适 out of fashion 过时 10 protect.from/against. 爱护 免受 的损害 defend.from/against. 保卫 以抗击 keep sb. from doing stop sb. from doing prevent sb. from doing 阻挡某人做 即学即练 101Young plants should be well _
16、 the cold. 幼苗必需被很好地爱护以免受冻；2The hen _ its young _ being attacked by the cat. 母鸡保卫小鸡使其 免遭猫的突击；3Everyone should take up arms to _ our country from invasion. 每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵害；4Nothing can _ us _ realizing our dreams. 什么也不能阻挡我们实现理想；protected from , protected , against , defend , stop , from 提示： 1pro
17、tect against 和 protect from 意思相像,有时可互换；但是,对于较大的事情,如：敌人的入侵、天灾等,常用 protect against, 对于较小的事情常用 protect from. 2 在 protect.from/against. 结构中, from 和 against 后面常跟 sth.,有时 against 后跟 being done 来强调动作的被动性；名师归纳总结 3 主动句中prevent/stop.from. 中的from 可省略,在被动句中from不行省略,而第 4 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
18、 - - keep.from. 中的 from 无论是在主动句仍是被动句中都不能省略；11 pay attention to 留意 Attention, please. 请留意！演讲用语 May I have your attention, please ？ attract/catch/draw/get ones attention to 吸引某人的留意 fix/focus/concentrate ones attention on 将留意力集中于 devote ones attention to 用心致志于 call ones attention to 唤起某人对 的留意 提示：以上短语中的
19、 to、on 都是介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词；即学即练 111She _ her appearance. 她很留意外表；2A great deal of attention has been _ protecting the environment. 人们已对爱护环境投入很多精力；paid much attention to , paid to 12 come into being 显现；形成；产生 bring.into being 使形成；使产生 for the time being 临时；眼下 即学即练 121We dont know when the universe _. 我们不知
20、道宇宙是何时形成的；2Such a custom _ long ago. 这种风俗很久以前就有了；came into being , came into being 提示： come into being 是不及物动词短语,无被动形式,无进行时；类似短语有：come into power 当权 come into effect 生效 come into action 开头行动 come into office 就职 come into sight 看得见 come into use 开头使用 易 错 点 拨 自我完善 .误区备考 1. contain/include 1contain 意为“
21、包含,含有,容纳,里面装有”,指的是包含的全部内容或容量,也可指里面所含的成分；其宾语与主语常是同位关系,不用于进行时态；2include 意为“ 包含；连 在内,计入,算入,包括”,只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分,其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分；常用“ including 被包括部分” 或“ 被包括部 分 included” ；如：Many people like tennis, including me/me included. 很多人喜爱网球,也包括我/我也在内；应用 1用 contain 和 include 的适当形式填空；1The Chinese diet is considered
22、 to be the healthiest in the world. It _ a lot of fruit and green vegetables. 2Everyone took part in the fight against the flood, _ old people. 3The _ can _ 100 litres of water. includes , including , container , contain 2. affect/effect/influence 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
23、 - - 1affect 常做及物动词, “ 影响,感动,感染”；2effect 常做名词,“ 结果,成效,作用,影响” ,常用于词组： have an effect on/upon sb. 对 有影响, take effect 生效,实行, come/go into effect 开头生效,开头实施；3influence 可做动词也可做名词,表示“ 影响、感染” 的意思时,是指使思想、行为、性质或进展和成长等发生变化的影响；它可以指坏的影响,也可以指好的影响,这种影响经常是潜移默化的；应用 2 1Probably we _ each other. 2To _ a policy is to h
24、ave an _ on it. influenced , affect , effect 高 效 作 业 自我测评 .技能备考 .单词拼写1This hat will give p_ against the hot sun. 2My wallet c_ two hundred yuan and my passport was lost when I was shopping. 3 Mrs Browns dog b_ the mailman when he was delivering newspapers yesterday afternoon. 4Both bees and butterfl
25、ies belong to i_. 5The mother is r_ her baby against mosquitoes. protection, containing , bit , insects , rubbing 6Youd better _ 存留 the money for future need. 7Well go _ 打猎 tomorrow. 8We greatly _ 感谢,感谢 your timely help. 9She turned her _留意力 to new problems. 10 The dog looks _ 凶狠 . Youd better keep
26、away from it. reserve, hunting , appreciate , attention , fierce .单项挑选1The driver was at _ loss when _ word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding. Aa; theB /; / Cthe; the Da; / 答案： D 解析：考查冠词；at a loss 迷惘不知所措,且word 指“ 消息” 时,无冠词；2It is_that his English is_perfect. Asure; very Bright; rather
27、 Cexact; fairly Dcertain; quite 答案： D 解析：考查It is certain that. 句式, quite 是副词“ 相当”,修饰形容词perfect.句意为：“ 他的英语相当好,这是真的；”3Stop _ this kind of snakes. They are _. Ahunting; dying out Bto hunt; dying out Chunting; dying away D to hunt; dying down 答案： A 解析：stop doing “ 停止做某事”,而 stop to do 表示“ 停下来去做某事”；其次空die
28、 out “ 灭绝” ；4Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea. Aas soon as Bas a result Cin case Dso that 答案： D 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 解析：句意为： “ 我想早到20 分钟,目的是为了我能有时间喝杯茶”；so that 引导目的状语从句；52022.陕西西安质检 Are you driving to the airport, sir. Id appre
29、ciate _ if you could give me a lift. Athat Byou Cthis Dit 答案： D 解析： 语意：先生,你是开车去机场吗？假如你能载我一程,it 为形式宾语,代替真正的宾语 if you could give me a lift. 我将特别感谢； 依据语意可知,6More attention should be _ equipment in our factory so that we can increase our production. Apaid to improving Bpaid to improve Ctaken to improve
30、Dtaken to improving 答案： A 解析：考查 pay attention to doing sth. 的被动结构；7 How many passengers were in the plane. It _ 100, 20 Chinese _. Acontained; included Bcontained; including Cincluded; contained Dcontained; containing 答案： A 解析： contain 容纳,包含； include 包括；其次空用sb./sth. included 或 including sb./sth. ；8T
31、he disease failed to_to the new drugs the doctor applied. Arespond Bturn Creply Drefer 答案： A 解析： respond to 起反应, 答复, 响应； turn to 转向； reply to 回信, 对 作出答复,对 作出反应； refer to 提及；9Much _ by the story of Cong Fei, I am also determined to be a volunteer worker. Aaffected Bappreciated Cadmired D effected 答案：
32、 A 解析：表示“ 受到 的影响”,且在句中做状语,用affected. 10 There may be kinds of infectious 传染的 diseases in public places. You should keep your children_to the places where people are crowded. Anot go Bnot to go Cgoing Dfrom going 答案： D “ 阻挡 人或物 做某事” ,其中介词 from 不能省略；11After a heated discussion at the meeting, a new pl
33、an came _ being, which would have a great effect _the cultural life of the people. Ainto; for Bto; to Cfrom; at Dinto; on 答案： D 解析：考查短语come into being “ 形成” 和have an effect on “ 对 有影响”；12Nobody knows exactly how many years it will be _ the Chinese football team enters the final stage of the World Cu
34、p. 名师归纳总结 Awhen Bsince Cbefore Duntil 第 7 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 答案： C 解析：考查句型“ it will be 一段时间 before.” “ 多久以后,才 ”；13 She was knocked _ by a car and now was still _. Adown; in danger Boff; dangerous Cdown; dangerous Doff; in danger 答案： A 解析： knock down 撞倒； knock.off. 把 从 上撞下来
35、；dangerous 危急的；14 Excuse me, what time is it now. Sorry, my watch _. It _ at the shop. Aisnt working; is being repaired Bdoesnt work; is being repaired Cisnt working; is repaired Ddoesnt work; is repaired 答案： B in danger 处于危急中；解析： 考查动词的时态和语态；第一空用一般现在时说明实际情形；其次空用现在进行时态的被动形式表示此时的状态；15 My car started u
36、p at last. You should have it repaired _ its working now. Aas long as Bas though Ceven though Din case 答案： C 解析：句意为“ 即使车仍能工作,你也应当把它修一修”语从句,意为“ 即使”； .完形填空；even thougheven if 引导让步状One of the political issues that is heard a lot about in the States lately is campaign竞选finance reform 改革 . The people who
37、 are 36 for reform usually want the 37 to pay for campaigns and/or limit the amount of money that candidates 候选人 and their 38 can spend. One reason that reform is called for is that it costs so much to 39 for political office. Candidates have to spend a great deal of time and effort 40 money. The in
38、cumbents those already in office have less time to do chief jobs since they must 41 so many money raising events. Another 42 is the fear that candidates will be owned or 43 by the “special interest groups ” that give money to their campaigns. Sometimes this certainly seems to be the 44 . On the 45 s
39、ide are those who s ay that it doesnt mean it46 s really just because you call something “reform ”. They argue that the right to freedom of speech is 47 if the government can limit anyones ability to get his or her message out to the people.If one person or a group of people want to tell the 48 what
40、 they think about an issue or candidate, they have to buy 49 on TV , radio, and in newspapers and magazines. They might want to put up advertisements along highways and on websites. All this costs a lot of 50 . Those against laws that control or limit spending say that you dont really have freedom of or freedom of the press if you cant get your message out. They say the government should never be able to control 52 discussions. They believe that this is most importan