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1、高考英语课本回归早读晚练9 早读：.词汇短语过关1respond vi.答复，答复；响应，作出反应response n. 答复，回复；反应respond to sb./sth.答复 (比 answer, reply to 正式 ) respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用回应某人(事 ) respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应response to sb./sth. (对人 /物)的答复 /回复 /反应in response to 作为对的反应即学即练1(1)They still havent _ my letter. 他们至今仍没有回
2、我的信。(2)He _ my suggestion _ a laugh/_ laughing. 他对我的建议报以一笑。(3)His illness didnt _ treatment by drugs. 他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。(4)My mother opened the door _ the knock, but there was no one outside. 听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。responded to , responded to , with , by , respond to , in response to 2certain adj. 确定的
3、；无疑的；某(种 ) (1)作“某 (种 )”讲时，同义于some.但 some 前不加冠词。for a certain reasonfor some reason 由于某种原因certain professors some professors 某些教授a certain amount of time 相当一段时间(2)作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，同义于sure.但是certain 的主语既可以是人，也可用于It is certain that. 句型，而sure 主语只能是人。“be certain/sure从句” (人)有把握 /确信 (表示主语的信念 ) be certain/sure
4、 of/about sth. (人)确信 (表示主语的信念) be certain/sure to do sth. 必定 /肯定会做某事 (主语常为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念) “make certain/sure从句”弄清楚/确保make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚for certain/sure 确定地，确切地(做状语 ) It is certain that. 一定会 (不能用sure) 即学即练2(1)There was _ in his manner. 他的态度有点冷淡。(2)Are you _ it ？你对此有把握吗？(3)He is
5、_ his duty. 他肯定会尽职。(4)_ he has wronged me. 我确信他冤枉了我。(5)_ their team will win the match. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页他们队肯定会赢得比赛。a certain coldness , certain about/of , certain to do , I m certain that , It s certain that3contain vt. 包含；容纳 (hold)；抑制 (control) 即学即练3(1)His p
6、aper _ no mistakes at all. 他的试卷没有一点错误。(2)Orange juice _ things which help keep you healthy. 橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。(3)This bottle _ two glasses of beer. 这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。(4)He couldnt _ for joy. 他不胜欢喜。contained , contains , contains , contain himself 4affect vt. 影响；感动；(疾病 )侵袭be greatly/deeply affected很/深受感动be aff
7、ected by heat/cold中暑 /着凉be affected with high fever发高烧即学即练4(1)The amount of rain _ the growth of crops.降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。(2)One of her lungs _ a little so that she has to rest. 她的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。(3)The audience _ by his speech. 听众被他的演讲深深打动了。affects , is affected , were deeply affected 5appreciate vt. 欣赏；
8、感激；喜欢appreciation n. 欣赏；感激appreciate sth. (thank sb.) 感激某事或某人I would appreciate it if. 如果，我将不胜感激。即学即练5(1)He highly _. 他非常感谢他的帮助。(2)We shall _ you again. 我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。(3)I really _ to the party. 你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。(4)I would _ you could help me. 如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。appreciated his help appreciate hearing fr
9、om appreciate your coming appreciate it if 6succeed v成功success n. U成功；成就C 成功的人或事successful adj. 成功的successfully adv. 成功地精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页succeed in doing sth. have success in doing sth. achieve great success 取得巨大的成功sb./sth. is a success 成功的人或事即学即练6(1)We all _
10、the mid term examination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。(2)Failure is the mother of _. 失败是成功之母。(3)He was _ as a novelist. 他是非常成功的小说家。succeeded in passing , success , a success 7harm vt. & n 损害；危害be harmful to do harm to 有害There is no harm in doing sth. It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth. 做某事是个好主意(或没有害处 )。即学即练7(1)The
11、 dog seems fierce, but it won t _ anyone.这条狗看上去很凶，但它不会伤害任何人。(2)Fruit juice can _ children s teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(3)He may say no, but _ asking. 他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。harm , be harmful to , there is no harm in 8die out 灭亡，逐渐消失die out 绝种，灭绝；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等 )逐渐消失die off( 家族、种族等)相继死亡； (草木 )先后枯死die away(声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息，
12、平息die down(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱，渐息；(声音 ) 静下来die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等die from 指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死即学即练8(1) Scientists said that those plants _ a century ago. 科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。(2) Many old customs _. 许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。(3)If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle will _. 如果暴风雪不停息，牲畜就要死掉了。(4)Open the a
13、ir hole; the fire is _. 把气孔打开，火要熄了。died out , are dying out , die off , dying down (5)Every winter some old people _ hypothermia. 每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。(6)Nowadays many people _ cancer. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页现在有很多人死于癌症。die from , die of 9in danger (of.) 处于危险之中out of dan
14、ger 脱离危险即学即练9(1)The drowned girl was obviously _. 很明显，那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。(2)The old house is _ collapse. 那所老房子有倒塌的危险。(3)They were told at the hospital that their grandmother was _. 他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。in immediate danger , in danger of , out of danger 拓展：与in/out of 搭配的短语in order 有秩序in sight 看得见in troubl
15、e 在困境中in line 成行 (队 ) in place 适合 /当in fashion 时尚 out of order 出故障 (机器等工作不正常) out of sight 看不见out of trouble 摆脱困境out of line 不成一直线out of place 不合适out of fashion 过时10 protect.from/against. 保护免受(的伤害 ) defend.from/against. 保卫以抵抗keep sb. from doing stop sb. (from) doing prevent sb. (from) doing 阻止某人做即学即
16、练10(1)Young plants should be well _ the cold. 幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。(2)The hen _ its young _ being attacked by the cat. 母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。(3)Everyone should take up arms to _ our country from invasion. 每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。(4)Nothing can _ us _ realizing our dreams. 什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。protected from , protected ,
17、 against , defend , stop , from 提示： (1)protect against 和 protect from 意思相似，有时可互换。但是，对于较大的事情，如：敌人的入侵、天灾等，常用protect against, 对于较小的事情常用protect from. (2)在protect.from/against. 结构中， from 和against 后面常跟sth.，有时against 后跟being done 来强调动作的被动性。(3)主动句中prevent/stop.from. 中的from 可省略，在被动句中from不可省略，而精选学习资料 - - - -
18、- - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页keep.from.中的from 无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。11 pay attention to 注意Attention, please! 请注意！(演讲用语 ) (May I have your attention, please ？) attract/catch/draw/get ones attention to 吸引某人的注意fix/focus/concentrate ones attention on 将注意力集中于devote ones attention to 专心致志于call o
19、nes attention to 唤起某人对的注意提示：以上短语中的to、on 都是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。即学即练11(1)She _ her appearance. 她很注重外表。(2)A great deal of attention has been _ protecting the environment. 人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。paid much attention to , paid to 12 come into being 出现；形成；产生bring.into being 使形成；使产生for the time being 暂时；眼下即学即练12(1)We d
20、ont know when the universe _. 我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。(2)Such a custom _ long ago. 这种风俗很久以前就有了。came into being , came into being 提示： come into being 是不及物动词短语，无被动形式，无进行时。类似短语有：come into power 当权come into effect 生效come into action 开始行动come into office 就职come into sight 看得见come into use 开始使用易 错 点 拨 自我完善?误区备考1. c
21、ontain/include (1)contain 意为“包含，含有，容纳，里面装有”，指的是包含的全部内容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。其宾语与主语常是同位关系，不用于进行时态。(2)include 意为“包含；连在内，计入，算入，包括”，只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。常用“including 被包括部分”或“被包括部分 included” 。如：Many people like tennis, including me/me included. 许多人喜欢网球，也包括我/我也在内。应用 1用 contain 和 include 的适当形式填空。(1)The
22、 Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It _ a lot of fruit and green vegetables. (2)Everyone took part in the fight against the flood, _ old people. (3)The _ can _ 100 litres of water. includes , including , container , contain 2. affect/effect/influence 精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
23、- - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页(1)affect 常做及物动词， “影响，感动，感染” 。(2)effect 常做名词， “结果，效果，作用，影响” ， 常用于词组： have an effect on/upon sb. 对有影响， take effect 生效，实行，come/go into effect 开始生效，开始实施。(3)influence 可做动词也可做名词，表示“影响、感染”的意思时，是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响，也可以指好的影响，这种影响常常是潜移默化的。应用 2(1)Probably we _
24、 each other. (2)To _ a policy is to have an _ on it. influenced , affect , effect 高 效 作 业 自我测评 ?技能备考.单词拼写1This hat will give p_ against the hot sun. 2 My wallet c_ two hundred yuan and my passport was lost when I was shopping. 3 Mrs Browns dog b_ the mailman when he was delivering newspapers yesterd
25、ay afternoon. 4Both bees and butterflies belong to i_. 5The mother is r_ her baby against mosquitoes. protection, containing , bit , insects , rubbing 6Youd better _( 存留 ) the money for future need. 7Well go _( 打猎 ) tomorrow. 8We greatly _( 感谢，感激 ) your timely help. 9She turned her _(注意力 ) to new pr
26、oblems. 10 The dog looks _ ( 凶恶 ). Youd better keep away from it. reserve, hunting , appreciate , attention , fierce .单项选择1The driver was at _ loss when _ word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding. Aa; theB /; / Cthe; the Da; / 答案： D 解析：考查冠词。at a loss 迷惘不知所措，且word 指“消息”时，无冠词。2It is_that
27、his English is_perfect. Asure; very Bright; rather Cexact; fairly Dcertain; quite 答案： D 解析：考查It is certain that. 句式， quite 是副词“相当” ，修饰形容词perfect.句意为：“他的英语相当好，这是真的。”3Stop _ this kind of snakes. They are _. Ahunting; dying out Bto hunt; dying out Chunting; dying away D to hunt; dying down 答案： A 解析：sto
28、p doing “停止做某事” ， 而 stop to do 表示“停下来去做某事” 。 第二空die out “灭绝” 。4Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea. Aas soon as Bas a result Cin case Dso that 答案： D 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页解析：句意为： “我想早到20 分钟，目的是为了我能有时间喝杯茶”。so that 引导目的状语从句。5(2010?陕西
29、西安质检 )Are you driving to the airport, sir? Id appreciate _ if you could give me a lift. Athat Byou Cthis Dit 答案： D 解析： 语意：先生，你是开车去机场吗？如果你能载我一程，我将非常感激。 根据语意可知，it 为形式宾语，代替真正的宾语if you could give me a lift. 6More attention should be _ equipment in our factory so that we can increase our production. Apai
30、d to improving Bpaid to improve Ctaken to improve Dtaken to improving 答案： A 解析：考查pay attention to doing sth. 的被动结构。7 How many passengers were in the plane? It _ 100, 20 Chinese _. Acontained; included Bcontained; including Cincluded; contained Dcontained; containing 答案： A 解析： contain 容纳，包含；include 包
31、括。第二空用sb./sth. included 或 including sb./sth. 。8The disease failed to_to the new drugs the doctor applied. Arespond Bturn Creply Drefer 答案： A 解析： respond to 起反应， 答复， 响应； turn to 转向； reply to 回信， 对作出答复，对作出反应； refer to 提及。9Much _ by the story of Cong Fei, I am also determined to be a volunteer worker.
32、Aaffected Bappreciated Cadmired D effected 答案： A 解析：表示“受到的影响”，且在句中做状语，用affected. 10 There may be kinds of infectious (传染的 ) diseases in public places. You should keep your children_to the places where people are crowded. Anot go Bnot to go Cgoing Dfrom going 答案： D “阻止 (人或物 )做某事”，其中介词from 不能省略。11Afte
33、r a heated discussion at the meeting, a new plan came _ being, which would have a great effect _the cultural life of the people. Ainto; for Bto; to Cfrom; at Dinto; on 答案： D 解析：考查短语come into being “形成”和have an effect on “对有影响” 。12Nobody knows exactly how many years it will be _ the Chinese football
34、team enters the final stage of the World Cup. Awhen Bsince Cbefore Duntil 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页答案： C 解析：考查句型“it will be 一段时间before.” “多久以后，才” 。13 She was knocked _ by a car and now was still _. A down; in danger B off; dangerous C down; dangerous D off; in danger
35、答案： A 解析： knock down 撞倒； knock.off. 把从上撞下来；in danger 处于危险中；dangerous 危险的。14 Excuse me, what time is it now? Sorry, my watch _. It _ at the shop. Aisnt working; is being repaired Bdoesnt work; is being repaired Cisnt working; is repaired Ddoesnt work; is repaired 答案： B 解析： 考查动词的时态和语态。第一空用一般现在时说明实际情况；
36、第二空用现在进行时态的被动形式表示此时的状态。15 My car started up at last. You should have it repaired _ its working now. Aas long as Bas though Ceven though Din case 答案： C 解析：句意为“即使车还能工作，你也应该把它修一修”。even thougheven if 引导让步状语从句，意为“即使” 。 .完形填空One of the political issues that is heard a lot about in the States lately is cam
37、paign竞选finance reform 改革 . The people who are 36 for reform usually want the 37 to pay for campaigns and/or limit the amount of money that candidates 候选人 and their 38 can spend. One reason that reform is called for is that it costs so much to 39 for political office. Candidates have to spend a great
38、 deal of time and effort 40 money. The incumbents (those already in office) have less time to do chief jobs since they must 41 so many money raising events. Another 42 is the fear that candidates will be owned or 43 by the “ special interest groups ” that give money to their campaigns. Sometimes thi
39、s certainly seems to be the 44 . On the 45 side are those who s ay that it doesn t mean it s really 46 just because you call something “ reform ” . They argue that the right to freedom of speech is 47 if the government can limit anyone s ability to get his or her message out to the people.If one per
40、son or a group of people want to tell the 48 what they think about an issue or candidate, they have to buy 49 on TV , radio, and in newspapers and magazines. They might want to put up advertisements along highways and on websites. All this costs a lot of 50 . Those against laws that control or limit
41、 spending say that you don t really have freedom of 51 or freedom of the press if you can t get your message out. They say the government should never be able to control 52 discussions. They believe that this is most important when the voters are about to make 53 . What do you think about this 54 ?
42、Listen to what the candidates for national office have to say. Which candidates 55 the most sense to you? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页36 Awaiting Bcalling Cstanding Dpreparing 37 Agovernment Bpresident Ccandidates Dcitizens 38 Aleaders Bbosses Csupporters Dstates 39 Apay
43、 Bcompete Cwait Dwork 40 Araising Bearning Cgiving Dgetting 41 Anotice Breport Cguard Dattend 42 Aevent Bcost Creason Doffice 43 Aencouraged Bforced Ccontrolled D ordered 44 Ajoke Bpurpose C case Dexample 45 Aother Bsame Canother Ddifferent 46 Aworse B better Ceasier Dharder 47 Ameaningless B unimpo
44、rtant Cunnecessary D impossible 48 Areporters Btruth Cstory Dpublic 49 Atime Bcopies Crights Dadvertising 50 Aenergy Beffort Ctime Dmoney 51 Aargument B opinion Cspeech Delection 52 Acommon Bpolitical Cgeneral D special 53 Aprofit Btrouble Cplans Ddecisions 54 Aquarrel Bproblem Cissue Daffair 55 Afi
45、nd Bmake Ccreate Dproduce 36【答案】 B 【解析】根据第二段第一句话可得知答案。call for号召。37【答案】 A 【解析】根据下文支持改革和持反对意见的人的观点及其原因可知答案。38【答案】 C 【解析】根据常识可知，西方国家每次竞选，候选人及其支持者都会花大量的钱进行宣传。39【答案】 B 【解析】候选人及其支持者花费如此多的钱就是为了竞争政府的某个职位。40【答案】 A 【解析】 raise money募集资金。竞选者要竞选成功，得需要大量的资金用于宣传。因此竞选之前要想方设法募集资金。根据后一句中的money raising events也可得知答案。4
46、1【答案】 D 【解析】候选人在募集资金的过程中会出现很多问题，出现问题政府工作人员就要进行协调，他们可能因为解决这些问题而无暇顾及自己的主要工作。attend此处为负责，处理。42【答案】 C 【解析】上文提到了改革的一个原因，本段是解释另一个原因。43【答案】 C 【解析】 own与 control同义，控制。44【答案】 C 【解析】 case 情况。本段解释的是一些人主张改革的原因，是担忧候选人因为钱而受到某个组织的控制。他们之所以担忧是因为有时候情况就是这样。45【答案】 A 【解析】 上文所列举的是一些人主张改革的原因。本句起承上启下的作用，引出站在另一方立场上的人的观点及其原因。
47、46【答案】 B 【解析】本句句意为：你称呼某些东西为改革，而改革未必就是好的。47【答案】 A 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 10 页【解析】 如果政府能限制人对外界进行宣传，那么人的言论自由权就变的名存实亡，毫无意义了。48【答案】 D 【解析】 联系上文及常识可知，如果要想竞选成功，候选人或某个组织必须对公众进行宣传，获得群众的支持和选票。49【答案】 D 【解析】结合句意及常识可知，要想宣传自己的观点或看法，必须在媒体上大肆宣传，而宣传的主要途径就是广告。50【答案】 D 【解析】要想在媒体上宣传，必须做大量的
48、广告，而广告势必需要大量的资金做后盾。51【答案】 C 【解析】根据第四段最后一句话可得知答案。52【答案】 B 【解析】 本篇介绍的是关于候选人所用奖金的改革问题，都是关于政治方面的问题。反对人士认为政府不能限制人的言论自由，不能限制人们在政治方面的谈论自由。53【答案】 D 【解析】本句与上一句为递进关系。意为：政府更不能干预人们决定赞成哪位候选人。54【答案】 C 【解析】本句为本段的总结句，与第一段首句相对应。55【答案】 B 【解析】 make sense 有意义，有道理。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 10 页