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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 有用精品文献资料共享高考英语阅读猜词高考阅读懂得训练之推测语义Test 1 There is no cure for Alzheimers. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms症状. NMET2004湖北卷 B篇 61. What is ARICEPT？ A、A medicine to cure Alzheimers. B 、A medicine to delay signs of aging. C、A medi
2、cine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer s. D、A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. 2004 福建卷 E篇 1According to the passage, The Pines is a _. A. place in
3、which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food 二利用例证推测语义某些阅读文章为了证明或说明 某一观点, 常会举一些例子, 而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出,如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如for example,
4、for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 等连接词或词组； eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener. 2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles. Exercises: 1. Finally the enemy sur
5、rendered. They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads. 2. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol, on the skin. 3. In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls, and so
6、metimes hung with gifts. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 有用精品文献资料共享Test The largest player offers a wide variety . C Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental of choices . C- deluxe sedans,minivans ,station wagons,coaches,Santana sedans are the big favorite. NMET2001全国 A篇 56 The word
7、s “ deluxe sedans” ,“ minivans ” and “ station wagons” used in the text refers to _. A、cars in the making B、car rental firms C、cars for rent D、car makers 三利用反义关系或同义关系估计语义（1） 利用反义关系估计语义 有些生词的后面往往会显现一个或几个反义词,或者表转折意义的连词,词组等,抓住这些可以帮忙我们推断生词语义；标志词有 although, but, however, whereas 反之,nevertheless 然而,不过 ,on
8、 the contrary, in contrast（相对） , on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, insteadof, rather than 等；（2） 利用同义关系估计语义通常情形下, 英语忌讳实词重复； 防止重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词加以代替； 同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们估计词义供应明显的语境线索； 标志词有：or, like, similarly等； eg. 1. 104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optim
9、ism 乐观主义 can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. 2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. Exercises: 1. Though Toms face has b
10、een washed quite clean, his neck remains grubby. 2. Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the population, Japans population is quite homogeneous. 3. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes. 4. He replied quickly. But after he consi
11、dered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision. 5. Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy美味 ,we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 有用精品文献资料共享Test 1 The gunners like to
12、describe what they do as character-building, but we knew that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy.2004 江苏卷 E篇 （1） The underline d word “ agony” in the last paragraph probably means_. A. form B. condition C. pain D. sadness Test 2 The hot-air balloon to
13、ok off. It was buoyant in the air as a cork 软木塞 in water. （2） The word “ buoyant ” in this sentence most probably means_. A. able to be used B. able to move from one place to another C. able to float or rise to the surface D. able to carry anything 四用语境推测语义（ 1）利用“ 小” 上下文估计词义,即利用生词邻近的内容推断生词词义；如：I am
14、a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give up easily. （2）利用“ 大” 上下文估计词义,即利用距离生词较远的内容,如整个段落、篇章等来推断生词词义；eg. Zip was stopped during the war and only after the war did it become popular. What a difference it has made to our lives. It keeps people at home much more. It has made the remote parts of
15、 the world more real to us. Photographs show a country, but only zip makes feel that a foreign country is real. Also we can see scenes in the street. Big occasions are zipped, such as the coronation 加冕典礼 in 1953 and the opening of Parliament. Perhaps the sufferers from zip are the notable people, wh
16、o, as they step out of an airplane, have to face the battery of zip cameras and know that every movement, every gesture will be seen by a “ zip personality” . Perhaps we can sympathize when Members of Parliament say that they do not want debates to be zipped. Exercises: 1. When I got to the theatre,
17、 I was relieved to see that nobody was waiting inline. I was the first to get there and sure that 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 有用精品文献资料共享I could get the ticket without any problem. Question: The underlined word best be replace by _. “ relieved ” in the passage may A. surpr
18、ised B. pleased C. produced D. sold 2. Apple trees may not grow as tall as twelve metres. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree. Question : The underlined word “ yielded ” in the last sentence means_.
19、A. improved B. increased C. produced D. sold Test These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices. Green building means, “ reducing the impact of the building on the land ” , Taryn Holow
20、ka of the U.S. Green building council in Washington, D.C. said. 61. In the second paragraph, the underlined phrase “ the building” most probab ly refers to _. A. an ordinary building B. an energy-saving building C. a green-colored building D. a building in Washington, D.C. 五利用构词法推测语义把握前后缀规律,如 un-, i
21、m-, in-, dis-, il-等前缀与 -less 等后缀可构成反义词；后缀-ful, -ly, -ism, -ness 等可改换词性；而合成词要在正确懂得两词的基础上,结合上下文把握两词之间的关系,推测词义；而对词义的转化,也要求结合上下文来推测；eg. 1. Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road 名师归纳总结 2. “ Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes 第 4
22、 页,共 7 页“ the two share little about their innermost feelings ”- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 有用精品文献资料共享3. Impressionism is a form of art which began in the 1870s. When you look closely at an impressionist painting, you see little dots of different colored paints. When you move away from the
23、picture, the dots of colors blends and the painting look like it has light playing on the people and objects in the picture. Test Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them. A form of favoritism will replace equality.2004
24、 上海试 C篇 （3）The word “ favoritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that_. A. bright children also need certification to get satisfying jobs B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs C. poor children with certification are favored in job markets D. children atten
25、ding ordinary schools achieve great success 六因果关系推测词义常见的因果信号词有：as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, since, consequently, so that, so/such that 等； eg. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was to long. Exercises: 1. The river is so turbid that it is impossible
26、to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 2. He didn t hear my knocking at the door because he was completely engrossed in TV. 3. It rained, so the football match was postponed. 4. The young man was so bashful that he didn t speak to the pretty girl. 七. 利用文化背景、生活常识推测词义运用规律推理才能, 结合社会文化背景和自身的生活体会以及生活
27、常识,依据上下文能读懂的部分,可以下正确猜出语义； eg. 1. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. 2. Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold weather. Exercises: 1.The driver tr
28、ied to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop. 2. If a man feels very cold, he always 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 有用精品文献资料共享huddles himself up. 3. What could John expect. He had left his wet swimming trunks 游泳裤 in the dark closet for over a week. Of cours
29、e they had begun to mildew. 4. A fish breathes in water with gills. Test1 Mark got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night. 1The word “ pillion” in this sentence probably means _. A. an object used for sleeping B. a bay on which on can rest C. a seat for s
30、econd person on a motorcycle D. a place for sitting Test2 One of Britains bravest woman told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected police Killer David Bieber and was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said she could be in line for a share of up to30,000 reward money. 2 The underli
31、ned phrase “ be in line for ”A. get B. be paid C. ask for D. own in paragraph 1 means _. 八熟词生义推测熟词的陌生意义通常有三种情形：（1）该熟词在新的详细语境中有了和原先考 生所熟识的意义不同的意思； （2）考查一些代词的指代现象； （3）新词在新的语境中变换了词性； eg. 1.The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service.
32、2. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life. 3. Many people work to keep animals from being killed. Some people help animals as part of their job, others do it just because they like animals. Question: In this paragraph, the word “ their
33、” refers to _. A. some people B. some animals C. many people D. many animals 4Time flies like an arrow, fruit flies like a banana. 摸索：延长到完形填空 Things were very bad that particular winter. Then a letter came from where her sewing machine was brought, announcing that they would have to pick up her mach
34、ine the next day unless payments were brought up to date. I remember that when she read the letter I became 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 有用精品文献资料共享frightened. I could _41_ us starving go death and all sorts of things that could come to childs mind. 41. A. suppose B. pictur
35、e C. stand D. regret 附录：熟词有新义 1 fire vt. 解雇2fine vt. 罚款 3fall n. 秋天 4wind vt. 使弯曲前进或迂回、曲折 5 lay vt. 下蛋、产卵 6spring n. 泉水、弹簧、弹力； vt. 跳动 7 mine n. 矿山； vt. 开采（矿物） 8can n. 罐头 9bear vt. 忍耐 10stand vt. 忍耐 课后摸索仍有哪些熟词生义的例子：高考实战训练：2003 北京春招 B篇 As you move around your home, take a good look at the things you h
36、ave. It is likely that your living room will have a television set and a video, and your kitchen a washing machine and a microwave oven. Your bedroom drawers will be filled with almost three times as many clothes as you need. You almost certainly own a car and possibly a home computer, holiday abroad at least once a year and eat out at least once a week. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页