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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载情态动词与虚拟语气一、情态动词 考点一 can 和 could 的用法 1表示惊奇,常用在否定句和疑问句中；How could you do such a silly thing. 你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？2表示可能性,意为“ 可能,有时会” ；can 和 could没有时态的差异,只是could不太确定；Jogging can be harmful to the health. 慢跑可能会对健康有害 Accidents can/could happen on such rainy days. 这样的多雨天气可能会发生交通事
2、故； 客观的可能性 3can 用于否定句,意为“ 应当不是,不行能” ；I think its all right. She cant make a mistake. 我想应当没事,她不行能犯错误；4cannot.too/enough表示“ 无论 也不过分” ；“ 越 越好” ；You cant be too careful while driving. 开车时越当心越好；You cannot remember enough English words. 你记的英语单词越多越好；5cannot butdo sth. 表示“ 不得不,只好” ；我只好去；I couldnt but choose
3、to go. 依据句意可知答案为 B；考点二 may和 might 的用法 may和 might 表示“ 许可” ,“ 可能性” ,“ 希望” 等意义；1表示许可； May I come in. Might I borrow your computer. 2表示可能性；may和 might 表示可能性时,可以对现在、过去或将来进行估计；Peter may come with us tonight, but he isnt sure yet. 彼得今晚可能和我们一起来,但他仍没确定； 实际可能性,不用can 3“ may as well 动词原形” 意为“ 最好,满可以,倒不如” ；You ma
4、y as well do it at once. We may as well stay where we are. 名师归纳总结 4may作“ 可以” 讲时,其否定式常用mustnt表示“ 禁止” ； must 作“ 必需” 讲时,第 1 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 其否定式是“学习好资料欢迎下载neednt ” ,表示“ 不必” ；May I use your car. No, you mustnt.委婉的拒绝可用：Sorry ,but I am using it now. 或 Youd better not. 等 不,你不行以
5、；考点三must 的用法 主观意志 ；1表示义务,意为“ 必需”We must do everything step by step. 在这种用法中must 表示出于主观意识而必需要做某事,have to表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事；除此以外,have to自身有时态的变化；I have to go now for Ive got a meeting 15 minutes later. 留意：回答以must 引导的问句时,如是否定回答,不行以用mustnt而用 neednt或是 dont have to,由于 mustnt意思是“ 绝不能,肯定不要” ,而没有“ 不必” 的意思；Must
6、 we hand in our exercises today. Yes, you must. 是的,必需交； 确定回答 / No, you neednt you dont have to不,不必今日交； 否定回答 Must I work out the problem tonight. No, you neednt. 2表示推测、估计；must 常用于确定句中表示推测；对现在或将来的事进行推测时,后接动词原形；对已经发生的事进行推测时,后接 have过去分词； He must be ill. He looks so pale. I didnt hear the phone. I must h
7、ave been asleep. 3表示禁止 用于否定句 ；Smoking must not be allowed in the office. 4表示“ 偏执” ,“ 顽固” ；Must you make so much noise. If you must smoke, please go out. 考点四shall的用法1第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的看法和向对方请示；Shall we begin our class. Shall the driver wait outside. 2其次、第三人称陈述句中,表说话人给对方的命令、警告、承诺或威逼；I promised he
8、shall get a present for his birthday. You shall not get my support if you do such a thing. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 考点五will学习好资料欢迎下载和 would 的用法1表示自愿做或主动提出做什么,如意志、愿望或打算等；would 用于过去的情形；Can someone fetch some water. I will. 2与 you 连用表示恳求或要求：用 wont you 强调邀请的语气；would 比 will
9、更客气、委婉；Would you mind opening the window for me. 3will 表示规律性的“ 注定会” ；You will regret forever if you lose the chance. 假如失去这个机会你会懊悔一辈子的；考点六 need 和 dare 的用法 need 和 dare 既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词；用作情态动词时,主要用于否定 句和疑问句；用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式；1. 做情态动词 You neednt telephone him now. She dare not go out alone at night. 2用作实
10、义动词 You dont need to do it yourself. The table needs painting to be paintedWe should dare to give our own opinion. He did not dare to look up. 可知,空白处填 Need；答句意为“ 仍需要问吗？当然是蒂姆了；”考点七 used to 和 would 可用 would 代替；1表示过去重复、习惯性动作时,used to He would sit at the door waiting for his son coming back. 2used to 强调
11、过去与现在对比,would 就没这个意思； He used to get up early. 他以前经常起得很早； 他现在不早起了 3表示过去的状态,只能用 used to ,不行以用 would ；There used to be a tree in my yard. 考点八could/might/would/should表委婉的功能Could/Might I use your bike tomorrow morning. Yes, you can/may.否定： No, Im afraid not. could/might表委婉是不恰当的；好,你可以 用 ； 不,唯恐不行； 不行说： Ye
12、s, you could/might.回答答应时,用Could I borrow your dictionary. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Yes, of 学习好资料欢迎下载course you can. Would you do me a favor. 考点九“ 情态动词 have done” 的用法1must have done 此结构常用在确定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的估计,意为“ 肯定, 确定” ；其否定或疑问形式用cant ,而不用mustnt ；He must have been drunk
13、to say that. 2should have done 他准 是喝醉了才那样说的；表示本应当做而实际上没有做,其否定式“shouldnt have done” 表示某种行为不该发生却发生了；job. I think he should have tried to get more qualifications before applying for the 我认为他在申请这份工作之前应第一努力取得更多的资格证明；3can couldhave done 确定式表示原来可以做而实际上未能做某事,疑或不愿定；疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀You could have told me yo
14、u were going to be late. 4may mighthave done 表示对过去 将来 发生的行为的估计,表示可能干了某事；Who knows what will happen. You may even have married by then. 谁知道会发生什么呢？到那时你甚至可能已经结婚了；5ought tohave done ought not to不定式完成式” ,此时表示过去应做某事而实际未做,其否定式是“ought to可与 should 换用；What you ought to have done is call the police. 6neednt ha
15、ve done 表示原来不必做某事而实际上做了某事；Terence has done so little work; he neednt have bothered to come to school today. 特伦斯几乎没做什么功课,他今日其实就不用来学校；二、虚拟语气 考点一 虚拟语气用于状语从句中 1虚拟语气用于非真实条件句名师归纳总结 条件从句主句例句第 4 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 与现在事实相反学习好资料欢迎下载If he were indoors, he If I we,you,he,she,I we ,you,
16、he,she,it ,they it ,they 动词过去式would/should/could/mwouldnt feel so cold. be 的形式一律用were ight 动词原形与过去事实相反If I we,you,he,she,I we ,you,he,she,If you had taken my it ,th ey advice, you wouldnt it , they had过去分would/should/could/mhave failed in the 词ight have done examination. A：If he were here this 与将来事实
17、相反A 式：If 主语一般过I we ,do,he,she,eveni ng, we would play 去时cards. B式：If 主语 were to it ,they B：If she were to marry do would/should/could/mJack, she would be C式：If 主语 should ight 动词原形happy. do C：If she should know it, she would tell me. 2虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一样,主句和从句的谓语要依据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式,这种句子叫做错综时间条件句；
18、If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night. 假如我是你,我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了； 现在过去 If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 要是他们一大早离开家的话,再过半个小时就该到了； 过去将来 3蓄虚拟条件句, 有时虚拟条件不用从句,常用的介词有with ,without ,but for等；而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来,But for your help, we couldnt have succeed
19、ed. Without electricity life would be quite different today. 考题印证 I _ to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not availabl e. Awent Bhad gone Dwould have gone Cwould go 考点二 虚拟语气用于名词性从句中 1用于宾语从句中；名师归纳总结 1wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气；第 5 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载表示对现在情形的
20、虚拟：wish 主语动词过去式或 were 表示对过去情形的虚拟：wish 主语 had过去分词表示对将来情形的虚拟：wish 主语 would/coul d动词原形I wish that I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. How I wish I had listened to my parents advice. How I wish it werent raining now. 考题印证 Lets play football together tomorrow afternoon. OK, but how I wish I_ i
21、t as skillfully as you. Aplayed Bhave played Chad played Dwill play 2 用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中,常见的动词有：demand,order ,require,insist,suggest ,propose ,advise 等；宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形” ,should 可以省略；He suggested that we should start off early the next day. 3 在 would rather后的宾语从句中,也用虚拟语气,其结构为：would rather
22、 sb.过去时与现在事实相反过去完成时与过去事实相反I would rather they didnt hear of the news. I would rather you hadnt told him the news yet. 2用于主语从句中；It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential that从句,从句中的谓语动词用“should 动词原形” ,should 可以省略；It is suggested that the meeting
23、 should be put off till next week. It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that.act在主句谓语动词be 之前发生,所以要用“should have acted” 真古怪他竟然那样对他父母； 考题印证 Its strongly suggested that measures _ stud ents to cheat in the exams. Abe taken to prevent Bbe taken to forbid Care taken to prevent
24、Dare taken to forbid 3用于表语从句和同位语从句中；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 在 suggestion学习好资料欢迎下载等名词后的表语从,proposal ,order ,plan ,idea ,request ,advice句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should 动词原形” ,should 可以省略；My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it. We all agreed to his sugges
25、tio n that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing. 4. 当 insist 表“ 坚持说,认为”、suggest 表“ 示意,说明”、advice 表“ 通知,告知” 这些特别意思时,从句中不用虚拟语气His pale face suggested that he was ill, so his mother suggested he go to hospital. They advised that the goods had arrived and advised we should take them away as soon as po
26、ssible. 考点三 特别句型中的虚拟语气1it is high/about time that. 句型中的虚拟语气；句型“it is high/about time that. ” 后面也可跟虚拟语气,从句中常用过去式；有时也用“should 动词原形” ,意为“ 该是 的时候了” ；It is time that we went home. Its high time that we _ ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement. Ahae devoted Bdevoted Care devoting
27、 Dhad devoted 2if only 引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气；在 “ if only ”引 导 的 感 叹 句 中 , 要 求 用 虚 拟 语 气 , 表 示 愿 望 ； 用 过 去 时 或“ would/could/might动词原形” 表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望；If only I had not been ill last week. 3as if 从句中的虚拟语气；as if 从句中,看语境是否与事实相反而挑选是否使用虚拟语气；It looks as if its going to rain. The kid talks as if he were a grown-up. 考题印证 Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel. 名师归纳总结 Ais Bwere 第 7 页,共 7 页Chas been D. had been - - - - - - -