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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高考七选五破解方案 题型解读： 在 2022 和 2022年英语试卷中多个地区采纳“七选五 ”型阅读懂得题,试题 模式为：给出一篇缺少 5 个句子的文章,对应有七个选项,要求同学们依据文章结构、内容,选出正确的句子,填入相应的空白处；考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述 为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文规律意义的懂得和把握；一7 选 5 的考察要点这一考查题型对阅读懂得提出了更高层次的要求,即不仅要有阅读速度,要对所 读文章的主旨要义、详细信息要有所明白,特殊重要的是要把握作者的写作意图、观点,区分出论点和论据,并且能够把握文章的写作
2、结构和脉络层次,只有明白了这一 切,才能比较精确地确定应当挑选哪个选项；不过,只要明白了这种新题型所考查的要点,出题位置,在阅读文章时有意识地加强对文章写作思路和结构组织支配的懂得,把握英语文章常见的几种写作结构,对 快速增强此类新题型的应对才能仍是特别有帮忙的；1出题位置往往,段首,段中,段尾,缺 1 句或 1 个以上的句子；300 词,其中 7 段文字,每段该节分为两个部分：主干部分和选项部分；主干部分的原文约 有 5 段空白处,空白处的位置可能在段首、段中、段未,选项部分为可能是一个句子,可能是两三个短句；其中5 段文字分属于主干部分的空白处；要求考生依据自己对文章的懂得从选项中挑选5
3、段文字放回到文章中相应的5 段空白处；2出题数量非等额选项 题目 5 道, 7 个选项 3 文章结构 a描述性结构 主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点,对人物的描述如传记,包括人身体特点、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就奉献等内容进行描述,因此时间、地点往往是出题重点 b释义性结构 说明某一理论、学科、事物,主要用例子比如类比阐述c比较性结构 把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比d缘由性结构 这种结构主要分析事物的成因,客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的 e驳斥性结构 这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点,然后对其评论或驳斥,然后分析其优点缺点、危害性、最终阐明自己的观点二.7 选 5 的解题步骤 1快
4、速阅读全文要点词句,包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带 转折词的句子等,目的是把握文章的主要内容；2然后再边读边做题,重点阅读各个问题邻近的句子,圈定线索词,然后从选项 中查找相关的特点词,以确定答案；做题时可以采纳代入排除法；假如一题做不出或 拿不准,可先放过,连续往下读,先做简洁的能做出的题,直到读完整篇文章；至此,文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的规律关系应基本清晰了；3重新阅读相关词句,重点做刚才没做出的题或不确定的题,此时可将已选出的答案代入原文,利用排除法；同时检查核对已选出的答案,看文章从内容上是否语义 连贯合理,语篇结构上是否通顺连贯、具有一样性、合乎规律,写作思路是
5、否清晰明 了,格式以及用语是否恰当贴切；假如所选的答案可以满意上述标准,就说明各个问题的答案基本正确；4）比较两类关键词：将 7 个选项的关键词与5 个空的前后句中的关键词进行比较,匹配的是正确答案；1名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 详细方法 ：1 阅读各个空的前后句,标记关键词在阅读文章的开头部分、明确文章的基本话题以后,要阅读五个空自的前后句,并将前后句中的解题线索,即关键词标登记来；关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）,专出名词、时间数字、代词、连词等；2 阅读各个选项,特殊是选项的
6、首句,标记关键词3 比较并匹配上述两类关键词,确定答案4 将确定的答案代入原文,看读起来是否通顺；如：下面一篇文章51 You don t show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you52.The important position is the one that you go to sleep inIf you go to sleep
7、 on your back ,youandre a very open personYou normally trust people you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas You don t like to displease peopleSo you never express your real feelings53If you sleep on your stomach ,you are a rather secretive personYou worry a lot and youre always easily upse
8、tYou always stick to your own opinions or judgment ,but you aren t very ambitious 上进心 54.This means that you enjoy having a good timeIf you sleep curled up,you are probably a very nervous personYou have a low opinion of yourself and so youre often delusive re shy and you dont normally like meeting p
9、eopleYou prefer to on your own,Youre easily hurtIf you sleep on your sideyon have usually got a wellbalanced personality55.Yon re usually carefulYou believe in yourself Yon sometimes feel anxious,but you dont often get sadYou always say what you think even if it makes people rather angry.A. You re q
10、uite shy and you arent quite sure of yourselfBYou know your strengths and weaknessC.Normally people seldom change their sleeping positionD .Everyone has got two personalities is secret and realthe one that is shown to the world and the other that E.Maybe you don t want to make friends with a person
11、who sleeps curled up.F .You usually live for today not tomorrowG. In a normal night,of course,people frequently change their positions1标记空前后句中的关键词本文主要争论各种睡眠姿态反映出的各种性格；各个空前后句的关键词标记如下：51空后：名词词组secret personality ,dont show 2名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 52空前 position 空后 impo
12、rtant ,position, the one ,等；说明空中要填入的选项含 有此类词汇；53关键词： never express your real feelings54关键词： aren t very ambitious 上进心 ；空后, you enjoy having a good time55空前句中的关键词： well balanced ,空后为 careful 2标记选项中的关键词A 关键词 shy,aren t quite sure 说明空的前一句可能提到过一种不敢干什么B know your strengths and weakness说明一个人性格是好的,优缺点都知道而且
13、 能调控；C seldom change their sleeping position 说明前后一句可能提到数字,而且是很少 的；D two personalities,shown secretE don t want to make friends,sleeps curled up.（说明前面或后面确定提到蜷 着身子睡觉的人的各种个性；F live for today not tomorrow （活在当下,没理想）G frequently change their positions3比较两类关键词将 7 个选项的关键词与5 个空的前后句中的关键词进行比较,发觉匹配的是：51与 D、52
14、与 G、53 与 A、54 与 F、55 与 B；4 代入原文将确定的选项代入原文,发觉意义上与规律上都通顺,因此为正确答案；七选五解题策略七选五解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种连接手段；连接手段分为三种：词汇连接、规律连接、结构连接（详细如下）；一词汇连接又可以详细分为三种：代词、同义词 对应关系； 1. 代词/近义词、上下义词 /同一范畴词英语表达中的代词显现的频率极高,代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形 容词概念,奇妙利用这样的指代关系和依据代词的单复数差异可以精确而快速地解题；3名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
15、 例题： The new design was well received by the reception staff of the hotel chain._ 正确选项句子为： They all believe that its introduction has led to a modern , more professional corporate image and greater confidence among them.例题分析：选项中的they 是一个复数人数主格代词,对应空格前句中的staff；staff 是一个集合名词（全体员工）,是个复数概念；代词中有一类叫不定代词,常
16、见的有： one, everyone, everybody, each, both, all, many, these, this等,特殊要留意它们所指代的名词概念的单复数性质,考生假如对此比较敏锐,对解题有很大的帮忙；例题： It is important, therefore, that we should know what people using our stores want of us._ During the past two years, we have been working hard to improve the standard of our products in
17、both these areas.正确选项句子为：The research made by the company shows that, above all else, customers expect fashion and value.例题分析：空格后的句末 in both these areas中 both 这个不定代词提示考生空格中肯定显现两个并列的名词概念,即 fashion and value；当然该题也可通过同义词对应解题：选项中的 expect对应空格前的 want,表“需求”； 2. 同义词 /近义词英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用,这
18、是我们解题的一个很好的判定线索；其实就其本质而言,上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义 /近义词；例题： Laura Ashley made a fortune by looking back to past centuries, searching for old designs to decorate a variety of clothes and household furnishings. _.正确的选项是： These traditional products created a huge wave of demand from the States and
19、 elsewhere.例题分析：空格前句中的 对应关系；old 和选项中的 traditional 是近义词,是很明显的同义有的时候,假如选项中显现空格前后句里相同的词汇,特殊是实词（特殊是名 词）,这往往是很好的提示；这就是所谓的同词重复现象；例题： 51 You dont show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you正确选项为 Eve
20、ryone has got two personalities the other that is secret and realthe one that is shown to the world and 4名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 例题分析：空格后句和空格里都显现了 易留意到这个同词重复的解题线索；3. 上下义词 /同一范畴词personality,secret,在读选项的时候很容什么是上下义词和同一范畴词？举个例子你们就明白了；Fruit 和 apple 之间就是上下义词,由于前者包含了后者,或可以说
21、后者是前者的一个子集；Apple 和orange之间就是同一范畴的关系,都属于 经常可以很轻松地解题；fruit ；利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系例题： A recently study by American management institute shows that the processing of documents takes up 60% of office works time, 40% of labor costs and up to 10% of business income. _.正确的选项是： These figures are hardly surprising
22、 since documents convey nine-tenths of all information.例题分析：选项中的these figures 提示我们前句肯定显现了大于等于三个数字,figure/number/ data等都是表示 “数字、数据 ”的意思,空格前面显现了三个百分数,属 于数字的一种,是上下义词的关系；例题： Certain key products have been subject to a thorough review, most notably menswear, where significant advances have been made in p
23、roduct design and manufacture. _.All of these have reported an increase in market share.正确的选项是： Other areas where product innovation has been particularly effective are in lingerie, （女士内衣）gifts and home ware.例题分析：空格后句开头的 个并列的名词概念,正是选项中的all of these 提示我们空格里面确定显现大于等于三 lingerie（女士内衣） , gifts（礼品） and ho
24、me ware（家居用品）,这三个名词与前句中的 menswear男士服装 属于同一范畴类的事物,都是百货商店中的常见商品类别；从这道例题我们仍能得出这样一个有用的结论：许多题目的连接可能不止一个,我们可以从不同的角度来解题或对答案进行验证；4数字线索包括详细数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如numbers, rate等等；作者列出数字,除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外,仍可以用数据来说明一个观点；Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores 72 Of the 11 produ
25、cts that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruitIn addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar 正确答案为 They found that about 60 percent of them didnt contain any fruit at all从数字 60 percent,空后 11 和空前的 28 可以推出此空与数字有关；再从空中的 them 和空后的 the 11
26、 products可以估计前面提到了 products.5名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 二规律连接依据前后句之间的规律关系又细分为：说明关系、例证关系、因果 关系、顺逆关系； 1. 说明关系前后句之间含有说明的规律关系,这样的规律关系是很隐藏的；例题 _thats why I don t wear a white coat. 正确选项： He has tried to create an environment where people are not afraid 例题分析：后面说不穿白大褂,前面就为说明的缘
27、由； 2. 例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子；例证的形式多样,但就其本质 而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系,用到的思维 过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）；例题： Manager should provide regular feedback to their staff._. 正确选项： For example, when good work has been done it must be praised. 例题分析：选项是对前句举了一个特别明显的例子； 3. 因果关系前后句的规律是因果关系,常见的规律表达有：becau
28、se, for, since, as, the reason is that,result in/ from, be due to, be attributed to 等等；仍有一些表示因果规律关 系的表达是比较隐藏的,如：underlie（前者构成后者的基础,实际是前者是因,后者 是果）,再如： in response to前者作为后者的回应,即后者是因,前者是果 ；期望考 生在平日英语学习中多作总结,这对高考的各个部分的解题都有好处；例题： There is no doubt that, in an increasingly competitive trading environment,
29、 we are better equipped than ever to compete and to win and we feel increasingly optimistic._.正确选项： This is due to our now having a clear strategy（战略）with a focus on the customer, product improvement 例题分析：选项句中有一个特别重要的形容词 clear,这个词足以说明该公司的 strategy战略 是正确的,一家公司有着清晰而正确的 战略思想当然会使其蒸蒸日上；空格前面一句正是讲的该公司犹豫满志,
30、特别乐观；空格句开头的 this is due to 反映出这样的因果规律关系； 4. 顺逆关系英语行文中后句对前句不是顺承规律关系就是逆转规律关系,这是明显的常识；假如空格前后两句话之间是规律上的逆转,就空格处很有可能是个转折规律的句子；6名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 例题： know as Glasgow s most fashionable dentist, 正确选项 Jerome is keen to point out that he takes his work very seriously.：.例
31、题分析：空格前句作者用了一个 as 引起的倒装表示尽管他是城里最时尚的牙医,但人家对工作可是（take seriously）,不 是绣花枕头；所以考生可以在备选项中搜寻转折规律的各种表达法,很快就能找出正 确的选项；三：结构连接（主要看文章结构和出题位置）文章结构：a描述性结构 主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点,对人物的描述如传记,包括人 身体特点、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就奉献等内容进行描述,因此时间、地点往往是出题重点 b释义性结构 说明某一理论、学科、事物,主要用例子比如类比阐述 c比较性结构 把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比 d缘由性结构 这种结构主要分析事物的成因,客观
32、的、主观的、直接的、间 接的 e驳斥性结构 这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点,然后对其评论或驳斥,然后 分析其优点缺点、危害性、最终阐明自己的观点 四：出题位置 1假如问题在段首 a通常是段落主题句；仔细阅读后文内容,依据段落一样性原就,查找同义 词或其他相关的词,推断出主题句； b与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等；着重阅读后文第一两句,锁定线索信 号词,然后在选项中查找相关特点词；通常正确答案的最终一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密连接的,因此这两句间会有某种的连接手段,特殊当选项是几句话时；比如,假如选项中显现时间岁月时,往往要留意与原文中岁月的前后对应关系； c段落间的过渡句；这时要前瞻后望找
33、启示,即阅读上一段结尾部分,通常 正确答案与上一段结尾有机地连接起来,并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两 段内容连贯起来； 2假如问题在段尾 a空白前的一句或两句是重点语句,重点阅读以锁定关键词； b通常是结论、概括性语句；留意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的 信号词,如 therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word 词语,选项中也可发觉前文的同义词句；7名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - c与
34、前文是转折或对比关系；此时要留意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关 联词,同时留意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系； d与前文是并列或排比关系；在这种情形下,通常是该段落要求补全说明本 段主题的其他细节,因此依据段落一样性原就,在原文和选项中找到相关的特点词,通常在选项中会显现表示并列 /递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构,或显现同 义词等其他信号线索；前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的；要特殊留意阅读这样相连的两句,通常会找到关键的线索词句； e所选答案是引出下一段的内容；假如在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有肯定的连接；仔细阅读下一段开
35、头几句,看是否与选 项的最终一句紧密连接起来； f假如第一段的段尾是空白,要仔细阅读,看此处是细节仍是主题；通常文 章第一段要提出文章的主题,假如在段尾提出主题,会用一些信号词如转折词引出来,正确答案中应有这样的特点词；英语文章绝大多数都是总分结构,无论是全篇的规律,仍是每一个独立的意群（一般以自然段的形式显现）的规律都是总分结构；利用总句和分句中可能存在的上 述的各种连接关系可以快速地解题；由于篇幅有限,这里就不举例说明白；下面让我们来用上述总结的方法巧解咱们做过的几篇文章；其次节（共 5 小题；每道题 2 分,共 10 分）依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的正确选项；选项中有
36、两项 为余外选项；Most drinks stating that they are fruit-flavored （水果味道的）contain no fruit at all, while most of the rest contain only a small quantity of fruit, according to a study carried by the British Food Commission Shoppers need to check the labels（标签） before buying drinks, though sometimes the actual
37、 content can be non-existent, said Food Commission spokesperson Lan TokeloveFood production is highly competitive_71 _ It will increase profits, and consumers wont always realize they are being tricked. Flavorings are focused on the flavors of natural food products such as fruits, meats and vegetabl
38、es, or creating flavor for food products that do not have the desired flavorsResearchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores 72 Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruitIn addition, each juice box con
39、tained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar 73 Lets take jam as an example. Some strawberry-flavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all.74 Consumers have the rights to know clearly about what they have boughtUnder
40、 current UK law. Food packages do no not have to distinguish between natural and artificial flavoring. Describing a product as strawberry flavor and covering the surface of the packed with pictures of stawberries is misleading. 75 Unfortunatcly, it is also legal and widespread, Tokelove said.8名师归纳总结
41、 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - AThe products which contain real fruit are popular with peopleBEven products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit CThey found that about 60 percent of them didnt contain any fruit at allDIf companies can cut their costs by using flavo
42、ring, they are likely to do soEIt is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the productsFActually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at allGThe Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.
43、71 题解析原题空格前后两句： Food production is highly competitive_71 _ It will increase profits, and consumers wont always realize they are being tricked. 正确选项：DIf companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so分析：这是五题中最简洁的一道；选项中的 costs 和 profits 都与金钱,属于同一范畴 概念；另一层对应是规律上的,空格前面讲到竞争力大,空
44、后讲到能增加利润,又不让顾客发觉；所以他们会通过添加其他香料来节省成本；属于我们前面总结的说明型规律关系；72 题解析原题空格前后两句：Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores 72 Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit正确选项： CThey found that about 60 percent
45、of them didnt contain any fruit at all分析：从数字 60 percent,空后 11 和空前的 28 可以推出此空与数字有关；再从空中的them 和空后的 the 11 products可以估计前面提到了 73 题解析products.这属于数字线索；原题空格前后两句： 73 Lets take jam as an example. Some strawberry-flavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all.正确选项： BEven products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit分析：这道题是很明显的例证关系,由观点到例子的做题模式；从后句中的 was labeled as containing no