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1、Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；2.出现这种现象的因素和后果；3.我认为Due Attention
2、 Should Be Given to the Study of ChinesePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices mark
3、ed A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Obamas success isnt all good news for black AmericansAs Erin White watched the election results head towards victory for Barack Obama, she felt a burden lifting from her shoulders. In that one
4、second, it was a validation for my whole race, she recalls.Ive always been an achiever, says White, who is studying for an MBA at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. But there had always been these things in the back of my mind questioning whether I really can be who I want. It was like a
5、 shadow, following me around saying you can only go so far. Now its like a barrier has been let down.Whites experience is what many psychologists had expected - that Obama would prove to be a powerful role model for African Americans. Some hoped his rise to prominence would have a big impact on whit
6、e Americans, too, challenging those who still harbour racist sentiments. The traits that characterise him are very contradictory to the racial stereotypes that black people are aggressive and uneducated, says Ashby Plant of Florida State University. Hes very intelligent and eloquent.Sting in the tai
7、lAshby Plant is one of a number of psychologists who seized on Obamas candidacy to test hypotheses about the power of role models. Their work is already starting to reveal how the Obama effect is changing peoples views and behaviour. Perhaps surprisingly, it is not all good news: there is a sting in
8、 the tail of the Obama effect.But first the good news. Barack Obama really is a positive role model for African Americans, and he was making an impact even before he got to the White House. Indeed, the Obama effect can be surprisingly immediate and powerful, as Ray Friedman of Vanderbilt University
9、and his colleagues discovered.They tested four separate groups at four key stages of Obamas presidential campaign. Each group consisted of around 120 adults of similar age and education, and the test assessed their language skills. At two of these stages, when Obamas success was less than certain, t
10、he tests showed a clear difference between the scores of the white and black participantsan average of 12.1 out of 20, compared to 8.8, for example. When the Obama fever was at its height, however, the black participants performed much better. Those who had watched Obamas acceptance speech as the De
11、mocrats presidential candidate performed just as well, on average, as the white subjects.After his election victory, this was true of all the black participants.Dramatic shiftWhat can explain this dramatic shift? At the start of the test, the participants had to declare their race and were told thei
12、r results would be used to assess their strengths and weaknesses. This should have primed the subjects with stereotype threat an anxiety that their results will confirm negative stereotypes, which has been shown to damage the performance of African Americans.Obamas successes seemed to act as a shiel
13、d against this. We suspect they felt inspired and energised by his victory, so the stereotype threat wouldnt prove a distraction, says Friedman.Lingering racismIf the Obama effect is positive for African Americans, how is it affecting their white compatriots (同胞)? Is the experience of having a chari
14、smatic (有魅力的) black president modifying lingering racist attitudes? There is no easy way to measure racism directly; instead psychologists assess what is known as implicit bias, using a computer-based test that measures how quickly people associate positive and negative wordssuch as love or evilwith
15、 photos of black or white faces. A similar test can also measure how quickly subjects associate stereotypical traitssuch as athletic skills or mental abilitywith a particular group.In a study that will appear in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Plants team tested 229 students during th
16、e height of the Obama fever. They found that implicit bias has fallen by as much as 90% compared with the level found in a similar study in 2023. Thats an unusually large drop, Plant says.While the team cant be sure their results are due solely to Obama, they also showed that those with the lowest b
17、ias were likely to subconsciously associate black skin colour with political words such as government or president. This suggests that Obama was strongly on their mind, says Plant.Drop in biasBrian Nosek of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, who runs a website that measures implicit bias
18、 using similar test, has also observed a small drop in bias in the 700,000 visitors to the site since January 2023, which might be explained by Obamas rise to popularity. However, his preliminary results suggest that change will be much slower coming than Plants results suggest.Talking honestlyPeopl
19、e now have the opportunity of expressing support for Obama every day, says Daniel Effron at Stanford University in California. Our research arouses the concern that people may now be more likely to raise negative views of African Americans. On the other hand, he says, it may just encourage people to
20、 talk more honestly about their feelings regarding race issues, which may not be such a bad thing.Another part of the study suggests far more is at stake than the mere expression of views. The Obama effect may have a negative side. Just one week after Obama was elected president, participants were l
21、ess ready to support policies designed to address racial inequality than they had been two weeks before the election.Huge obstaclesIt could, of course, also be that Obamas success helps people to forget that a disproportionate number of black Americans still live in poverty and face huge obstacles w
22、hen trying to overcome these circumstances. Barack Obamas family is such a salient (杰出的) image, we generalise it and fail to see the larger picturethat theres injustice in every aspect of American life, says Cheryl Kaiser of the University of Washington in Seattle. Those trying to address issues of
23、racial inequality need to constantly remind people of the inequalities that still exist to counteract the Obamas effect, she says.Though Plants findings were more positive, she too warns against thinking that racism and racial inequalities are no longer a problem. The last thing I want is for people
24、 to think everythings solved.These findings do not only apply to Obama, or even just to race. They should hold for any role model in any country. Theres no reason we wouldnt have seen the same effect on our views of women if Hillary Clinton or Sarah Palin had been elected, says Effron. So the electi
25、on of a female leader might have a downside for other women.Beyond raceWe also dont yet know how long the Obama effectboth its good side and its badwill last.Political sentiment is notoriously changeable: What if things begin to go wrong for Obama, and his popularity slumps?And what if Americans bec
26、ome so familiar with having Obama as their president that they stop considering his race altogether? Over time he might become his own entity, says Plant. This might seem like the ultimate defeat for racism, but ignoring the race of certain select individualsa phenomenon that psychologists call subt
27、ypingalso has an insidious (隐伏的) side. We think it happens to help people preserve their beliefs, so they can still hold on to the previous stereotypes. That could turn out to be the cruellest of all the twists to the Obama effect.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1. How did Erin White feel upon seeing Barack Obama
28、s victory in the election?A) Excited.B) Victorious.C) Anxious.D) Relieved.2. Before the election, Erin White has been haunted by the question of whether _.A) she could obtain her MBA degreeB) she could go as far as she wanted in lifeC) she was overshadowed by her white peersD) she was really an achi
29、ever as a student3. What is the focus of Ashby Plants study?A) Racist sentiments in America.B) The power of role models.C) Personality traits of successful blacks.D) The dual character of African Americans.4. In their experiments, Ray Friedman and his colleagues found that _.A) blacks and whites beh
30、aved differently during the electionB) whites attitude towards blacks has dramatically changedC) Obamas election has eliminated the prejudice against blacksD) Obamas success impacted blacks performance in language tests5. What do Brian Noseks preliminary results suggest?A) The change in bias against
31、 blacks is slow in coming.B) Bias against blacks has experienced an unusual drop.C) Website visitors opinions are far from being reliable.D) Obamas popularity may decline as time passes by.6. A negative side of the Obama effect is that _.A) more people have started to criticise President Obamas raci
32、al policiesB) relations between whites and African Americans may become tense againC) people are now less ready to support policies addressing racial inequalityD) white people are likely to become more critical of African Americans7. Cheryl Kaiser holds that people should be constantly reminded that
33、 _.A) Obamas success is sound proof of blacks potentialB) Obama is but a rare example of blacks excellenceC) racial inequality still persists in American societyD) blacks still face obstacles in political participation8. According to Effron, if Hillary Clinton or Sarah Palin had been elected, there
34、would also have been a negative effect on _.9. It is possible that the Obama effect will be short-lived if there is a change in peoples _.10. The worst possible aspect of the Obama effect is that people could ignore his race altogether and continue to hold on to their old racial _.Part III Listening
35、 Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each questi
36、on there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A) The man failed to keep his promise.B) The woman
37、 has a poor memory.C) The man borrowed the book from the library.D) The woman does not need the book any more.12.A) The woman is making too big a fuss about her condition.B) Fatigue is a typical symptom of lack of exercise.C) The woman should spend more time outdoors.D) People tend to work longer ho
38、urs with artificial lighting.13.A) The printing on her T-shirt has faded.B) It is not in fashion to have a logo on a T-shirt.C) She regrets having bought one of the T-shirts.D) It is not a good idea to buy the T-shirt.14.A) He regrets having published the article.B) Most readers do not share his vie
39、wpoints.C) Not many people have read his article.D) The woman is only trying to console him.15.A) Leave Daisy alone for the time being.B) Go see Daisy immediately.C) Apologize to Daisy again by phone.D) Buy Daisy a new notebook.16.A) Batteries.B) Garden tools.C) Cameras.D) Light bulbs.17.A) The spea
40、kers will watch the game together.B) The woman feels lucky to have got a ticket.C) The man plays center on the basketball team.D) The man can get the ticket at its original price.18.A) The speakers will dress formally for the concert.B) The man will return home before going to the concert.C) It is t
41、he first time the speakers are attending a concert.D) The woman is going to buy a new dress for the concert.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A) He wants to sign a long-term contract.B) He is good at both language and literature.C) He prefers teaching to adminis
42、trative work.D) He is undecided as to which job to go for.20.A) They hate exams.B) The all plan to study in Cambridge.C) They are all adults.D) They are going to work in companies.21.A) Difficult but rewarding.B) Varied and interesting.C) Time-consuming and tiring.D) Demanding and frustrating.Questi
43、ons 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A) Interviewing a moving star.B) Discussing teenage role models.C) Hosting a television show.D) Reviewing a new biography.23.A) He lost his mother.B) He was unhappy in California.C) He missed his aunt.D) He had to attend school there.
44、24.A) He delivered public speeches.B) He got seriously into acting.C) He hosted talk shows on TV.D) He played a role in East of Eden.25.A) He made numerous popular movies.B) He has long been a legendary figure.C) He was best at acting in Hollywood tragedies.D) He was the most successful actor of his
45、 time.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
46、 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26.A) It carried passengers leaving an island.B) A terrorist forced it to land on Tenerife.C) It crashed when
47、it was circling to land.D) 18 of its passengers survived the crash.27.A) He was kidnapped eight months ago.B) He failed in his negotiations with the Africans.C) He was assassinated in Central Africa.D) He lost lots of money in his African business.28.A) The management and union representatives reached an agreement.B) The workers pay was raised and their working hours were shor