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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 英语四级图表和图画作文讲解及参考范文一、图表作文图表作文也是四 六 级考试中常见, 而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式；图表作文就是把非文字信息 通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等 转换成文字信息的一种作文；它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作说明说明；第一节 图表作文的出题形式和写作要领一、图表作文常见出题形式图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图,有时仍用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示,要求我们：1 用文字描述图表,客观说明图表中所传递的信息,并找出某种规律或趋势 ; 2 就图表中所反映的某
2、种趋势或问题分析其缘由或后果；图表作文着重说明事实,常常是通过对图表中所反映的详细数据的说明、分析、比较,对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情形等加以说明,并提出结论或看法；因此, 图表作文常常采纳谈论文体的写作方法；写好图表作文, 关键在于能否 读懂 图表中所供应的信息,把握各信息间的联系 ,用精确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来,并就这一信息发表自己的看法；二、图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时,要留意遵循以下步骤：1 仔细分析图表的含义,弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系 ; 2 确定文章的主题思想,构思出文章的基本框架,挑选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据; 3 编列文章的提纲; 将各段的提纲内容
3、扩展成段落,然后将各个段落组成文章,留意段4 依据文章的提纲,与段之间的连接与过渡; 5 检查与修改；1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 三、图表作文的篇章结构写图表作文时, 常采纳三段式的陈述方式；文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反第三映什么问题或趋势,概述图表所揭示的信息；其次段分析造成这一问题或趋势的缘由；段就展望将来的情形或提出解决问题的方法或建议；这一结构可以简洁地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想总趋势 其次段：分析产生的缘由 第三段：展望将来或提出方法或建议模板一+极端值 +特点,时态 总的
4、趋势 图表详细描述 剖析图表所揭示的含义理由一 理由二 理由三 理由四 总结 前景猜测As can be seen from the table, the past decade has witnessed dramatic changes in _. While _. It is obvious from the table that _. What contributed to these changes. I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, _. Secondly, _ . What _. Last but not lea
5、se, _. In conclusion, _. Moreover, _. 模板二描述图表分三方面说明缘由下结论1 During the period from _to _, _rose from _to _, while _ decreased from _ to _. 2 We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First,_. Second, _. Third, _. 3 _.We are happy to see that things are becoming better and better n
6、owadays. We can imagine that _. 模板三描述图表说明图表补充说明1 During the period between _ and _, _ declined abruptly from _ to _, while _ increased sharply from _ to _. 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2 Several reasons can account for this phenomenon. Compared with _ is much cheaper an
7、d more convenient_ . Apart from that, _. 3 However, there are still a number of people who _, generally for two reasons. On the one hand,_. On the other hand, _ _. 1. 图表类型：table 表格 ; chart 图表 ; diagram 图表或图解,示意图 chart 柱状图 ; pie graph 饼图2. 描述：; graph 图表 , 曲线图 ; column/ bar show; describe; illustrate;
8、 can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal 显示 ; represent 表现 , 描画 3. 内容：figure 数字 ; statistic 统计值 ; statistics 用作复 统计 , 统计数字 资料 , 统计表 number; percentage; proportion 表示数据 上升： increase, rise, ascend, core, surge, go up, climb, mount, level up 下降 : decrease, fall, drop, descend, decline, reduce ,lessen
9、, level, down 平稳 : stable, steady, remain steady/stable; /maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to ; little/hardly any /no change 波动 : fluctuate, fluctuation, rise and falls, up and down 占: occupy , take up , account for, gain 而: while, however, whereas , on the other hand, actually/in fact 相比 : by c
10、ontract, on the contrary, likewise, compared with 最高点 : the highest, the top, the summit, the peak, the most 最低点 : bottom, less, least, rock bottom 最低点 例句 Prices have hit rock bottom. 价格已达最低水平 平均 : mean 平均值 , average 趋势 : tendency, trend, inclination 预见 : prediction 到达顶峰 : mount to 3 名师归纳总结 - - - -
11、- - -第 3 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 比例： 20 per cent , 20% one in three, 1/3 one out of every four, 1/4 有一个稳固的过程: a stable period can be seen 表示变化程度的词：sudden/suddenly 突然的,意外的rapid/rapidly 快速的,飞速的,险峻的dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的,生动的significant/significantly 有意义的,重大的,重要的sharp/sharply 明显的,急剧的steep/s
12、teeply 急剧升降的steady/steadily 稳固的,坚决不移的gradual/gradually 渐进的,逐步的slow/slowly 缓慢的,不活跃的slight/slightly 稍微的、略微地stable/stably 稳固的表示范畴：from to between and for to 多长时间直到表示程度：almost adv. 几乎,差不多nearly adv. 几乎,亲密地approximately adv. 近似的,大约just over 刚超过exactly adv. 正确地,严密地precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地常用词和短语significan
13、t changes 图中一些较大变化noticeable trend 明显趋势4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - during the same period 在同一时期grow/grew 增长distribute 分布,区分unequally 不相等地pronounced 明显的average 平均no doubt 无疑地corresponding adj. 相应的,通讯的represent vt. 阐述,表现overall 体上讲except 除外in the case of adv. 在 的情形下in co
14、ntrast 相反,大不相同in conclusion adv. 最终,总之in comparison 相比之下inversely adv. 相反地,倒转地in general 通常,大体上,一般而言rang from to 从 到 不等excessive adj. 过多的,过分的,额外lower v. 降低,跌落elapse vi. 时间过去,消逝category n. 种类government policy 政府政策market forces 市场规律measure n. 尺寸,方法,措施 v.估量,调剂forecast n. 先见,预见四、图表作文常用的句型5 名师归纳总结 - - -
15、- - - -第 5 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1 常用的开篇句型 即概述图表内容常常用的表达法 According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that 依据 该表 /图,我们可知 该表 / The table/graph reveals shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out that 图说明 As we can see from the table As can be seen from
16、 the line/bar graph As is shown illustrated/indicated in the pie chart 如表 /图所示, 2 描述增减变化常用的句型 Compared with is still increased by The number of grew/rose from to An increase is shown in ; then came a sharp increase of In the number remains the same/drops to There was a very slight small/slow/gradual
17、 rise/increase in 1990. There was a very steady marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic drop decrease/decline/fall/reduction in 1998/ compared with that of last year. 来看一篇范文： From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two mont
18、hs of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Theref
19、ore, its obvious that car acin Walton city declined in 1990. 主题句 /概述表格反映的内容 况6 小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势6 5反映交通事故的变化情名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - There are several reasons for the decline. First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. It provided that in summer every car m
20、ust be air-conditioned. As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city adm
21、inistration made great efforts to heighten peoples awareness of observing traffic rules. 主题句 缘由 /措施一 说明措施一 /次要帮助 实行措施一后的结果缘由 /措施二 缘由 /措施三 With all these new measures, Im sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year. 总结：展望将来的情形其次节 图表作文样题与样文举例样题一：Directions: For this part
22、, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How People Spend Their Holidays. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the table and the outline given below: 1、 依据上表,简要描述 1990 年、1995 年、2000 年某城市人们度假方式的情形及其变化；2、 请说明发生这些变化的缘由；3、 得出结论；7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第
23、 7 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - How People Spend Their Holidays As is clearly shown in the table that there was a dramatic change in the way people spent their holidays between 1990 and 2000. Especially, in 1990, 63% of people spent their holidays at home, while the figure decreased considerably
24、 to 24% in 2000. There are three reasons for this phenomenon. To begin with, with the development of market-oriented economy, people earn by far more money than they used to, making it possible for them to afford traveling expenses. In addition, people realize the importance of getting well-informed
25、 about the outside world in this modern era to develop their potential. For example, a traveler may encounter or talk with someone of a different cultural background so as to broaden his vision. Last but not least, by traveling outside, people are close to nature, which is not only beneficial to bot
26、h their health and peace of mind. In short, more and more people take the occasion of holiday to travel outside and relax themselves. As far as I am concerned, I prefer to go traveling instead of staying at home during holidays. On the one hand, I love meeting different people and take in some fresh
27、 ideas. On the other hand, it is agreed that the world is becoming a global village. No one could confine himself within his small circle of families or relatives. In brief, I have benefited a lot and will benefit more from traveling during the holidays. 点评：该篇作文属图表作文, 命题思路与四级真题图表作文一样,仿真度高；本猜测题关于人们旅行
28、度假方式的变化,也是社会热点话题,2006 年 1 月就考过名校校内该不该成为旅行景点话题；样题二：2004 年 6 月也是关于旅行景点的介绍；8 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The Pursuit of A Masters Degreea. 依据以下图描述某校毕业生毕业意向的变化b. 分析挑选读研的毕业生数目增加的缘由c. 说明挑选读研对个人和社会产生的影响It is illustrated in the pie charts that graduates choices after graduation
29、have experienced much change. The number of students choosing to pursue a master s degree and study abroad grows several times over the decade. The reasons of the increasing number ofstudents pursuing a masters degree as follows. First, with the number of college graduates growing each year, the sit
30、uation in the job market is getting tighter and tighter. The public awareness of the situation has created a surge of interest in seeking a masters degree. Secondly, mancross-national companies set a much higher standard for new recruits than ever. It seems that the higher education you have, the hi
31、gher salary you may receive. Choosing to study for masters degree will benefit the individuals and the whole society as well. The quality of Chinese intellectuals will be considerably enhanced, which in turn will boost the progress of the whole society. 9 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - -
32、 - - - - - - 样题三：Direction: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic :Cell Phones .You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline below: 1. 描述上图所示的 用户数的变化情形2. 显现这种情形的缘由3. 对此现象作出评判Cell Phones As is shown in the chart, cell phones a
33、re becoming increasingly popular within China. In 1999, the number of cell phones in use was only 2 million, but in 2002, the number reaches 5 million. And in the year 2005, the number has suddenly soared to 9 million. There are many factors contributing to this development. Firstly, a cell phone ha
34、s no wires and can be carried everywhere easily. Secondly, a cell phone is something wonderful that we can have fun with news, games, music and chat through sending 10 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - short messages. Thirdly, the drop in price and the simultaneous improvemen
35、t in the functions have made it possible for an average person to make use of cell phone. The wide use of cell phones has make them more and more indispensable in people s daily life. The many functions of the cell phone have made certain people reluctant to separate themselves from their cell phone
36、. 点评：随着我国经济的快速进展, 人民的生活水平不断改善, 通讯业的日新月异的进展,使得 使用普及化,成为人们日常生活的必需品,对此的利弊人们看法各异； 本猜测题为热点话题, 同样是年轻人较熟识和常常争论的话题,值得关注；样题四：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Blog. You should write at least 120 words based on the chart and outline given below: 以下图是 2007 年
37、1-10 月中国博客服务人均月度有效浏览时间及增长率,描述变化,说明缘由；11 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Blog This histogram 柱状图；直方图 shows the number of people using blog services from January to October in 2007. From it we can see that the number of users increased monthly from January to August, except F
38、ebruary. After two peak months, July and August, the number dropped slightly in September, while in October it picked up again. Possible reasons for these changes are first, in February Chinese people celebrated the most important festivalChinese New Year. This means more people spent more time with
39、 their families and friends, and therefore they didnas much time for surfing online. Secondly, college students are the main users of blog 12 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - services. While in July and August,they had summer holidays, which enabled them to have more spare t
40、ime reading and writing blogs. Thirdly, with improvements of blog services and the influence of some “ star bloggers ” , most of whom are celebrities, blogs are becoming an important way for people to express themselves and communicate with others. So more and more people are starting to use these s
41、ervices, which help explain the overall increase shown here. 点评：这是一篇图表题；可以看出,整体呈增长趋势；但是,二月和九月有所下降；所以,分析的时候要照料各个方面；样题五For this part, you are required to write a composition about 120 words on the topic: Changes in Peoples Daily Expenses . Your composition should be written on the following table and
42、Chinese given below. 1. 描述图表中人们每天开支变化情形2. 请说明发生这些变化的缘由3. 结合图表对将来作出合理的猜测Changes in Peoples Daily Expenses. 13 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the peoples daily expenses from 1995 to 1999. Th
43、e expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7% . The statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to one another . There are two factors accounting for these changes. Development in economy is an e
44、ssential one in the five years. The increased income resulting from economic growth plays an important part in the less expense on food. Hence, a small percentage of total income is enough to cover food expense. Another one is the changes in life style. When food presents no worry to the average, people begin to focus more of interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time . As a result of such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation increases year after year. From the ana