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1、Lesson 33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗Why was the girl in hospitalNearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the se
2、a. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up t
3、he cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.参考译文 几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。天将黑时，小船撞在了一块礁石上，姑娘跳进了海里。她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。在那段时间里，她游了8英里。第二天凌晨，她看到前方有灯光，知道自己已经接近岸边了，因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上。到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去
4、。她所记得的就是这些。第二天她醒来时，发现自己躺在医院里。darkness n 黑暗explain v 解释，表达coast n 海岸storm n 暴风雨towards prep 向，朝，接近rock n 岩石，礁石shore n 海岸light n 灯光ahead adv 在前面cliff n 悬崖，峭壁struggle v 挣扎hospital v 医院in the darkness 在黑暗中explanation n 解释Could you give me an explanation能给我一个解释吗？interpret n 解释，强调翻译语言之间的解释 interpretor 翻译b
5、ank 河岸，两边比水面高coast 地理意义上的海岸，地平线等，感觉旁边是岩石，很陡峭seashore 海岸，跟游玩有关系seaside旁边是沙滩，可以进展日光浴的感觉snowstorm 暴风雪thunderstorm 雷雨rain heavily 表示雨吓得很大pour倾倒the rain is pouring。倾盆大雨Its raining cats and dogs。滂沱大雨towards 强调nearer and nearerrock 表示huge stoneasleep，awake，alive，ahead a开头的往往是表语形容词，不管是作表语形容词还是副词，都放在名词的后面，一般
6、形容词放在名词的前面pretty flowers light ahead1、放在被修饰词的后面作定语2、ahead of在什么前面he went ahead of me3、go ahead朝前走，请随便Would you mind my using your phone-Can I use your phone-Ok,go aheadcan i smoking here？go aheadsorry一个原因，不让别人做school1、前面不加the，与它的功能有关系go to hospital2、一旦the，只表示地点i am in the hospitalin hospital 住院in th
7、e hospital在医院2、去医院看教师go to the hospital自己肚子疼go to hospitalhappen:不及物 sth。 happen to sbWhat happened tonearly 将近 nearly a week 快一个星期了sometime later.Three days later，my mother returned强调某人做某事.passed and then.Three days passed and then my mother returned.并列句，强调某人做某事，又强调时间Three days passed before my mot
8、her returned强调时间be able to强调有能力，且能够成功can 只表示能力i can swim across the river我能游过这条河，但没有游过，不知道能不能成功i was able to swim across the riverset out：set offbe caught in灾难i was caught in a rain我遇上了一场雨As soon as he left，it began to rainhe was caught in a rain when he left他刚一离开，就下雨了遇上人用meet，遇上灾难用be caught instruc
9、k强调的往往是猛烈的撞击to：强调朝那个方向去，但没有强调越来越近towards：外表也翻为朝那个方向去，spend sometime 地点the red army covered a distance of 25000.两万五千里长征on doingas soon asthe momentas soon asthe moment后面要加句子on 后面一定要加动词ing，成认动词是由主句主语做的up ：往上thats all she remembered。Thats all i wanted to say那就是我想说的全部Thats all i can do for youi can do n
10、othing else for youfind 宾语 宾补 find the books tidy 发现书摆放得整齐，found the room cleani found the books in orderwhen i woke up，i found myself in bedtime passed before.a day later.time passed and thenkey structures与时间相连的介词：in，at，on，from.to.,until,after,before与地点相连的介词：from.to。into：进、入 tell him go into my hou
11、se只强调到哪里，不一定强调到里面去，go toout of ：从.出来 away fromleave for ：动身到某地，yesterday my father left for Tianjinhead for/to：前往leave for 强调leave，head for 强调去set out for动身到某地towards强调越来越近at：含有一种瞄准的概念，aim at，fire atpass past词性的区别词与词的区别1、意思上的区别 2、词性上的区别3、细节上的区别pass只有动词的概念，其他由past承当i pass the gardeni go past the gard
12、eni go and pass the gardennext othernext day 第二天 the other day：few days agothe other day 出现一定是过去时next day有可能是过去式，有可能是将来式how far away.whats the distance multiple choicenot any more/longer/further不再remind 提醒recollect回忆memorise记住mind介意4、只有谓语动词才有时态句子中如果没有连词，但有两个动词，要把其中一个动词变成非谓语动词when 是连词的标志when doing：1、
13、主语要跟主句的一样，2、谓语动词含有be doing 构造when standing there found the book very interestingLesson 34Lesson 34:uick work 破案“神速 How long had the police taken to find his bicycle Dan Robinson has been worried all week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at
14、the station. Dan wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried anymore. At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village f
15、our hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train. Dan was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Dan was a boy of fifteen!参考译文 丹.鲁宾逊焦虑了整整一个星期。上星期二他收到当地警察局的一封信，要他到警察局去一趟。丹奇怪警察为什么
16、找他，但昨天还是去了，结果他一再担忧了。在警察局里，一位面带笑容的警察告诉他，他的自行车找到了。那位警察对他说，那辆自行车是5天前在400英里外的一个小村里发现的，现在正用火车给他运回家来。丹听到这个消息后，惊奇万分，但又感到非常好笑，因为他从未指望那辆自行车还能找到。这是20年前丹还是一个15岁的孩子时被人偷走的！station n (警察局most adv 相当，非常post officepolice officebureau局i went to the police 我去警察局have a quick mealquick freeze速冻local new ：当地新闻local poli
17、ce 当地警察局local color 当地色彩local people 当地人native 土著人土生土长的local call 市话call at(some place)call onask/tell/expect/want/allow sb to do sth 请求某人做某事he was told that.someone told him that.five miles away这一类构造可以直接做定语，放在被修饰词后面letter writingpics.：picturessecs.:secondscall on拜访call sb up给某人打 一旦一个词可以省略而意思不改，这个词可
18、能是副词，如果宾语是代词，后面的词组由动词与副词组成，代词一定会放在中间call on you/call you upgo to the pictures 去看电影call off 取消call out 大声喊call at 去了某地lesson 331Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. 几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。1这句话有两个从句。before一直到结尾是句子的时间状语从句。在这个从句中，explain又有自己的宾语从句，what为这个从句的主语
19、。2before在引导时间状语从句时，有时不一定译为在之前，虽然表达的是这个意思，如文中的这句话。类似的情况有：It will be months before he can come back.要过好几个月他才能回来。He ran off before his mother could stop him.他母亲还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。2One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. 一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。1我们已经学过 set out表示出发：Ca
20、ptain Alison will set out at eight oclock.艾利森船长将于8点钟启航。set out from表示从出发。2 be caught in表示某人突然遇到/上风暴等：He was caught in a heavy rain on the way home.他在回家途中遇到了大雨。3Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. 她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。介词after的宾语是动名词spending及这个动名词的宾语、状语，这个构造在意义上等于 after
21、she had spent the whole nightin the water。4During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. 在那段时间里，她游了8英里。1that time指上句话中提到的the whole night。2cover可以笼统地表示行过一段路程，根据上下文可具体译为走过、飞过、游过等：The bird covered the distance in three minutes.这只鸟用3分钟飞完了全程。3表示具体的距离可以用a distance of+ 具体长度这个构造。5high up on the cl
22、iffs，在高高的峭壁上。up为形容词，表示在上面的、高高的、在较高处的，high为副词，修饰up。6On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towardsthe light she had seen.到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。1on+ 动名词相当于 as soon as或 when 引导的时间状语从句：On reaching the airport, he was arrested by the police.他一到机场就被警察逮捕了。2 she had seen为 the light的
23、定语从句，关系代词 that/which省略了。3up 在此处为介词，表示沿着往上。7That was all she remembered. 她所记得的就是这些。that指前面从第2句话开场描述的内容。she remembered为all 的定语从句，关系代词that不能用which被省略了。语法 Grammar in use用于表示方向与目的地的介词与副词也被称为小品词1表示上、下的两对小品词是on与off，up与 down：Jims standing on the roof. I hope he wont fall off.吉姆正站在房顶上。我希望他不会掉下来。Toms climbing
24、 up the tree. I hope he wont fall down.汤姆正在爬树。我希望他不要摔下来。2表示来、去的一对小品词是from与to；towards的意义与to相近，表示朝、向、接近等； for在有些动词后面也表示往、向的意思：He came from Moscow. Hes going to New York.他从莫斯科来。他将要去纽约。The plane flies from Moscow to New York.这架飞机从莫斯科飞往纽约。He went towards the shop quickly.他快速地向商店走去。He went for home.他回家了。H
25、e left/ set out for New York yesterday.他昨天动身去纽约了。3表示进去、出来这两种方向的介词为into与out of；表示在某个地方或在里面/外面可用 at，in，out of等；表示目的地或位置往往用at：When did you come into the restaurant你什么时候进的餐馆？You werent in the restaurant when I come in.我进来的时候你不在餐馆。We ran out of the house.我们从屋里跑了出来。We arrived in the country on Sunday.星期天我
26、们到达乡下。范围大时用inWe arrived at the station in the evening.晚上我们到达车站。范围小时用at 4表示穿过、越过、绕过等动作时，往往用 through，across，under，over，round等介词： 词汇学习 Word study1pass与past1动词 pass的过去式为 passed，过去分词为 passed或past。当它作及物动词用时，可以表示经过、通过考试或超过等，作不及物动词用时可以表示时间等消逝：You passed me without even noticing me!你从我身边经过时居然没注意到我！Your siste
27、r passed me in her new car, driving at great speed.你姐姐/妹妹开着她的新车从我身旁驶过，开得非常快。Ive passed/ past my French test.我法语考试通过了。A month has passed/ past since I left home.我离开家已一个月了。2past可以作形容词、介词、名词等。作形容词时表示以前的、过去的等：Many things happened in the post week.过去的这一周内发生了许多事。Frank is proud of his past experiences.弗兰克为
28、自己以往的经历感到自豪。作介词时它表示经过或超出范围等：He has just walked past me.他刚从我身边走过去。His words are past my understanding.我不懂他的话。作名词时它表示过去、昔时或往事等：Can you tell me something about your past您能给我讲讲您过去的一些事吗？In the past, we used to gather under the Town Hall clock to welcome the New Year.我们过去常聚集在市政厅的大钟下面迎新年。2next与othernext表示时
29、间顺序上紧接的、下一个。如果以现在为基准，那么next前一般不加the；如果以过去或将来的某一时间为基准，那么 next前面要加the或其他修饰词：See you next Friday.下个星期五再见。Mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldnt come to the party.第2天玛丽打来 告诉我们她不能来参加晚会了。the other day指时间时可以有a few days ago的意思：Mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived in London
30、.前几天玛丽来 告诉我们她已到达伦敦。Lesson 341Dan Robinson has been worried all week. 丹鲁宾逊焦虑了整整一个星期。worried 在这里可以当成是形容词，表示焦虑的、担忧的。worry 也可以作及物动词，表示使担忧/发愁等：She appears to be worried by/ about something.好似有什么事使她发愁。用于被动语态时，过去分词与形容词意义差不多2the local police，当地警察局。local 可以表示地方性的或当地的、本地的：a local newspaper 地方性报纸local news 本地新
31、闻local shops邻近的商店3Dan wondered why he was wanted by the police丹奇怪警察为什么找他1 wonder表示想知道时后面往往跟疑问词引导的从句：She wondered who that man was/ what had happened. 她想知道那个人是谁/到底发生了什么事。2 want用于被动语态时可以表示想与某人见面、谈话等或缉拿、追捕：Please wait a minute. Im wanted on the phone.请等一下。有我的 。This is the man (who is) wanted by the pol
32、ice.这就是警察在追捕的那个人。4a smiling policeman ，一位面带笑容的警察。smiling 为现在分词，作定语，其作用相当于形容词。还可以说：a sleeping dog 一只睡着的狗a worried face 一张焦虑的脸5Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. 那位警察对他说，那辆自行车是5天前在400英里外的一个小村里发现的。1这句话实际上是一个间接引语cf第15课语法，其正常语序应为：
33、The policeman told him that five days ago the bicycle was picked up语序变化后，the policeman told him成了插入成分，引导从句的that也被省略，引述的局部被分割成两局部。2 four hundred miles away修饰 village，相当于从句 which wasfour hundred miles away。3 pick up的含义之一为偶然地、无意地获得、找到、学会：Ive picked up a bad cold.我得了重感冒。I picked up some French while tra
34、velling in Paris.在巴黎游览期间我学了几句法语。He picked up the book in a small library.他在一个小图书馆发现了那本书。6It is now being sent to his home by train现在正用火车给他运回家来。 这句话是被动语态用于现在进展时，其构造为am/is/are+ be-ing+过去分词cf第10课语法：The clavichord is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.父亲的一个朋友正在修理这架古钢琴。语法 Grammar in use被动语态3在第10课的语
35、法中，我们学习了被动语态的根本形式。一般说来，无论是主动语态还是被动语态，句子的主语往往是说话者认为比拟重要或想要强调的。如果说话人想防止用不明确的词如 someone， a person等作主语，就常常使用被动语态。在动词+宾语+不定式构造中，既可以让动词用被动语态而不定式用主动语态，也可以让不定式用被动语态：Someone told Mary to meet us.有人通知玛丽来接我们。主语不明确词汇学习 Word study1与call有关的短语动词动词call与不同的小品词连用可以构成意义不同的短语动词。1call at表示对某个人家或地方进展短暂访问：He calls at ever
36、y house in the street once a month.他每月对这条街上的每户人家光临一次。He was asked to call at the police station.他被告知去警察局一趟。2call on 表示拜访、探望：Have you called on George recently你最近去看过乔治吗？3call out表示大声叫喊：Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat.岸上的一些人对着小船上的那人高喊。4call up在美国英语中表示打 给某人：Jane called me up t
37、he other day.前几天，简给我打过 。If you want my help, just call up.你如果需要我的帮助，来个 就行。5 call off 可以表示取消某项活动：For some reason, they have called off the party / the meeting.由于某种原因，他们把晚会/会议取消了。2most1adj用于最高级，表示最：This is the most beautiful can/ garden Ive even seen.这是我见过的最漂亮的车/花园。The most intelligent girl in this cl
38、ass is Jane.这个班上最聪明的姑娘是简。2adj大多数的，大局部的：Most doctors dont smoke.大多数医生不吸烟。Most women have to stay at home in this country.在这个国家，大局部妇女都得呆在家里。3adv非常，很相当于very，但通常用于表达主观感情、见解等：This is a most interesting/ exciting story.这是个非常有趣/冲动人心的故事。说话者的观点Dan was most surprised when he heard the news.丹听到这个消息后，惊奇万分。第 20 页