《2022年中考数学总复习《几何初步》专题基础知识回顾三 .pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022年中考数学总复习《几何初步》专题基础知识回顾三 .pdf(30页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、中考数学总复习专题基础知识回顾三几何初步一、单元知识网络:二、考试目标要求:了解直线、射线、线段的概念和性质以及表示方法,掌握三者之间的区别和联系,会解决与线段有关的实际问题;了解角的概念和表示方法,会把角进行分类以及进行角的度量和计算;掌握相交线、平行线的定义,理解所形成的各种角的特点、性质和判定;了解命题的定义、结构、表达形式和分类,会简单的证明有关命题.具体目标:1、图形的认识(1)点、线、面认识点、线、面(如交通图上用点表示城市,屏幕上的画面是由点组成的).认识直线、射线、线段及性质.会比较线段的大小,会计算线段的和、差、倍、分,并会进行简单计算.了解线段的中点.(2)角通过丰富的实例
2、,进一步认识角.会比较角的大小,能估计一个角的大小,会计算角度的和与差,认识度、分、秒,会进行简单换算.了解角平分线及其性质(3)相交线与平行线了解补角、余角、对顶角,知道等角的余角相等、等角的补角相等、对顶角相等.了解垂线、垂线段等概念,了解垂线段最短的性质,体会点到直线距离的意义.知道过一点有且仅有一条直线垂直于已知直线,会用三角尺或量角器过一点画一条直线的垂线.了解线段垂直平分线及其性质.知道两直线平行同位角相等,进一步探索平行线的性质.知道过直线外一点有且仅有一条直线平行于已知直线,会用三角尺和直尺过已知直线外一点画这条直线的平行线.体会两条平行线之间距离的意义,会度量两条平行线之间的
3、距离.2、尺规作图完成以下基本作图:作一条线段等于已知线段,作一个角等于已知角,作角的平分线,作线段的垂直平分线.了解尺规作图的步骤,对于尺规作图题,会写已知、求作和作法(不要求证明).3、命题与证明理解证明的定义和必要性.通过具体的例子,了解定义、命题、定理的含义,会区分命题的条件(题设)和结论.结合具体例子,了解逆命题的概念,会识别两个互逆命题,并知道原命题成立其逆命题不一定成立.掌握用综合法证明的格式,体会证明的过程要步步有据.三、知识考点梳理知识点一、直线的概念和性质文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG
4、9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU
5、7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码
6、:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4
7、HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8
8、ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档
9、编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N
10、4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K9文档编码:CK8R8X8F6N4 HG9L2J10L5N8 ZU7M8I2C9K91直线的定义:代数中学习的数轴和一张纸对折后的折痕等都是直线,直线可以向两方无限延伸.(直线的概念是一个描述性的定义,便于理解直线的意义)2直线的两种表示方法:(1)用表示直线上的任意两点的大写字母来表示这条直线,如直线AB,其中 A、B是表示直线上两点的字母;(2)用一个小写字母表示直线,如直线a.3直线和点的两种位置关系(1)点在直线上(或说直线经过某点);(2)点在直线外(或
11、说直线不经过某点).4直线的性质:过两点有且只有一条直线(即两点确定一条直线).5同一平面内两条不同直线的位置关系:(1)两条直线无公共点,即平行;(2)两条直线有一个公共点,即两条直线相交,这个公共点叫做两条直线的交点(两条直线相交,只有一个交点).知识点二、射线、线段的定义和性质1射线的定义:直线上一点和它一旁的部分叫做射线.射线只向一方无限延伸.2射线的表示方法:(1)用表示射线的端点和射线上任意一点的大写字母来表示这条射线,如射线OA,其中O 是端点,A是射线上一点;文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5
12、 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9
13、J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7
14、 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1
15、F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1
16、文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:C
17、A10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N
18、10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1(2)用一个小写字母表示射线,如射线a.3线段的定义:直线上两点和它们之间的部分叫做线段,两个点叫做线段的端点.4线段的表示方法:(1)用表示两个端点的大写字母表示,如线段AB,A、B是表示端点的字母;(2)用一个小写字母表示,如线段a.5线段的性质:所有连接两点的线中,线段最短(即两点
19、之间,线段最短).6线段的中点:线段上一点把线段分成相等的两条线段,这个点叫做线段的中点.7两点的距离:连接两点间的线段的长度,叫做两点的距离.知识点三、角1角的概念:(1)定义一:有公共端点的两条射线组成的图形叫做角,这个公共端点叫做角的顶点,两条射线分别叫做角的边.(2)定义二:一条射线绕着端点从一个位置旋转到另一个位置所成的图形叫做角.射线旋转时经过的平面部分是角的内部,射线的端点是角的顶点,射线旋转的初始位置和终止位置分别是角的两条边.2角的表示方法:(1)用三个大写字母来表示,注意将顶点字母写在中间,如AOB;(2)用一个大写字母来表示,注意顶点处只有一个角用此法,如A;(3)用一个
20、数字或希腊字母来表示,如1,.文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ
21、5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C
22、9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编
23、码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10
24、I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M
25、7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS
26、6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W13角的分类:(1)按大小分类:锐角-小于直角的角(0 90)直角-平角的一半或90的角(=90)钝角-大于直角而小于平角的角(90 180
27、)(2)平角:一条射线绕着端点旋转,当终止位置与起始位置成一条直线时,所成的角叫做平角,平角等于 180.(3)周角:一条射线绕着端点旋转,当终止位置又回到起始位置时,所成的角叫做周角,周角等于360.(4)互为余角:如果两个角的和是一个直角(90),那么这两个角叫做互为余角.(5)互为补角:如果两个角的和是一个平角(180 ),那么这两个角叫做互为补角.4角的度量:(1)度量单位:度、分、秒;(2)角度单位间的换算:1=60,1=60(即:1 度=60 分,1 分=60秒);(3)1 平角=180,1 周角=360,1 直角=90.5角的性质:同角或等角的余角相等,同角或等角的补角相等.6角
28、的平分线:如果一条射线把一个角分成两个相等的角,那么这条射线叫做这个角的平分线.知识点四、相交线1对顶角(1)定义:如果两个角有一个公共顶点,而且一个角的两边分别是另一角两边的反向延长线,那么这两个角叫对顶角.(2)性质:对顶角相等.文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M
29、7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS
30、6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H
31、4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ
32、5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C
33、9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编
34、码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10
35、I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W12邻补角(1)定义:有一条公共边,而且另一边互为反向延长线的两个角叫做邻补角.(2)性质:邻补角互补.3垂线(1)两条直线互相垂直的定义:当两条直线相交所得的四个角中,有一个角是直角时,就说这两条直线是互相垂直的,它们的交点叫做垂足.垂直用符号“”来表示(2)垂线的定义:互相垂直的两条直线中,其中的一条叫做另一条的垂线,如直线a垂直于直线b,垂足为 O,则记为ab,垂足为O.其中 a 是 b 的垂线,b 也是 a 的垂线.(3)垂线的性质:过一点有且只有一条直线与已知直线垂直.连接直线外一点与直线上各点的所有线段中,垂线段最短.
36、简单说成:垂线段最短.(4)点到直线的距离定义:直线外一点到这条直线的垂线段的长度,叫做点到直线的距离.4同位角、内错角、同旁内角(1)基本概念:两条直线(如 a、b)被第三条直线(如 c)所截,构成八个角,简称三线八角,如右图所示:1 和 8、2 和 7、3 和 6、4 和 5 是同位角;1 和 6、2 和 5 是内错角;1 和 5、2 和 6 是同旁内角.(2)特点:同位角、内错角、同旁内角都是由三条直线相交构成的两个角.两个角的一条边在同一直线(截线)上,另一条边分别在两条直线(被截线)上.知识点五、平行线1平行线定义:在同一平面内,不相交的两条直线叫做平行线.平行用符号“”来表示,.如
37、直线 a 与 b 平行,记作ab.在几何证明中,“”的左、右两边也可能是射线或线段.文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:C
38、A10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N
39、10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5
40、 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9
41、J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7
42、 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1
43、F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W12平行公理及推论:(1)经过直线外一点,有且只有一条直线与这条直线平行.(2)平行公
44、理推论:如果两条直线都与第三条直线平行,那么这两条直线也互相平行.即:如果 ba,ca,那么 bc.3性质:(1)平行线永远不相交;(2)两直线平行,同位角相等;(3)两直线平行,内错角相等;(4)两直线平行,同旁内角互补;(5)如果两条平行线中的一条垂直于某直线,那么另一条也垂直于这条直线,可用符号表示为:若 bc,ba,则 ca.4判定方法:(1)定义(2)平行公理的的推论(3)同位角相等,两直线平行;(4)内错角相等,两直线平行;(5)同旁内角互补,两直线平行;(6)垂直于同一条直线的两条直线平行.知识点六、命题、定理、证明1命题:(1)定义:判断一件事情的语句叫命题.(2)命题的结构:
45、题设+结论=命题(3)命题的表达形式:如果那么;若则;(4)命题的分类:真命题和假命题(5)逆命题:原命题的题设是逆命题的结论,原命题的结论是逆命题的题设.2公理、定理:(1)公理:人们在长期实践中总结出来的能作为判断其他命题真假依据的真命题叫做公理.文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:C
46、A10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N
47、10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5
48、 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9
49、J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7
50、 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1F3C9W1文档编码:CA10I9N10M7F5 HS6L9J8H4U7 ZZ5H1