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1、2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟卷（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Decades of scientific research show that stress and anxiety are prevalent problems at work, contributing to deficits in employee morale, well-being, and productivity.1anxiety is caused by a range of2, including issues unrelated to peoples jobs, one comm
2、on and3cause is something specific to the workplace: incompetent leadership.Managers and leaders have a4effect on their employees stress and anxiety levels.5they say, feel, and do hugely influences their teams6and emotional well-being. And the more senior leaders are, the more people they are likely
3、 to influencepositively and7.8sadly, far too few leaders are aware that they have this power. And many are overconfident in their leadership skills,9a gap between their perceived and actual levels of10. This explains why even well-meaning bosses may inadvertently11high anxiety levels in their employ
4、ees and have a12capacity to correct and improve their behavior：13you think you are leading effectively, what is the point of changing?It is for this14that leaders must pay a great deal of15to how they act and communicate. The importance of this is exacerbated during times of increased uncertainty,16
5、we often look to leaders to guide us in the face of fear, to provide us with17and direction, and, most of all, to give us reasons to18hopeful and optimistic.If you are a manager or a leader, it is useful to19some key psychological lessons about how your behaviorwhat you say, do, feel, and express20y
6、our team, especially when you are not aware of it.1单选题第（1）题选A.BecauseB.SinceC.WhileD.When正确答案：C参考解析：空格处需要填入一个连词，体现前后两个分句的逻辑关系。前面一句是anxiety is caused by a range issues unrelated to peoples jobs， 后一句是one common cause is something specific to the workplace， 前面是与工作无关的，后面是职场特有的，是比对关系，前后是一个转折，所以C“虽然、尽管”正确
7、。2单选题第（2）题选A.factorsB.incentiveC.lureD.components正确答案：A参考解析：factor 因素 incentive 动机 lure 诱惑 component 组成部分翻译：焦虑是由多种_引起的，包括与人们工作无关的问题. 本空位于短语is caused by后，初步可推断此处所填名词的意思与“原因”接近。此外，需要注意的是，本空位于a range of后，arange of后接可数名词复数，A“因素”符合题意。3单选题第（3）题选A.pervasiveB.meaninglessC.subtleD.unnoticed正确答案：A参考解析：pervasi
8、ve 普遍的、弥漫的 meaningless 无意义的 subtle 微妙的、敏感的 unnoticed 忽视的、未被注意的空格朱填写一个形容词，并且与common并列，所以以下选项中与common意思相近的即可。A符合题意。4单选题第（4）题选A.mutedB.shortC.slightD.direct正确答案：D参考解析：muted 柔和的 short 短暂的 slight 轻微的 direct 直接的翻译：经理和领导者对员工的压力和焦虑水平有_影响. 下一句提到they say, feel, and do hugely influences their teams emotional w
9、ell-being. 他们的言行举止会极大地影响团队的健康。D符合题意。5单选题第（5）题选A.WhetherB.WhichC.whatD.That正确答案：C参考解析：该句空格处需要填入一个代词。空格后they say,feel and do均为及物动词，后接宾语，空格处的代词能够引导主语从句，并在句中作宾语成分，四个选项中只有选项CWhat“什么”符合句意，故为正确选项。6单选题第（6）题选A.collectiveB.personalC.physicalD.individual正确答案：C参考解析：collective 共有的、总体的 personal 个人的、私人的 physical 身
10、体的、物质的 individual 单独的、独特的翻译：他们的言行举止会极大地影响团队的_健康和心理健康. 空格处和后面的emotional是并列的，与emotional well-being应该是physical well-being。 C正确。7单选题第（7）题选A.rapidlyB.slowlyC.excessivelyD.negatively正确答案：D参考解析：rapidly 快速的、迅速的 slowly 缓慢的 excessively 过分的、极度的 negatively 消极的该句空格处需要填入一个副词。此处填人的副词与and之前的positively“积极地”构成并列关系。综合
11、四个选项，只有选项Dnegatively“消极地”与“积极地”构成反义并列关系，最符合句意，故为正确选项。8单选题第（8）题选A.ThenB.ButC.ThusD.Therefore正确答案：B参考解析：Then 接着、然后 but 但是 thus 因此、所以 therefore 因此、所以第二段尾句的句意为“高级领导者越多，他们可能会影响到的人也越多这种影响包括积极影响和消极影响”，后面一句是很少有领导在意识到他们拥有这种能力，前后两句话之问的逻辑关系为转折关系，B正确。9单选题第（9）题选A.creatingB.meltingC.narrowingD.spreading正确答案：A参考解析
12、：create 创造、引起 melt 融化、溶解 narrow 变窄、压缩 spread 扩散、铺开翻译：许多人对自己的领导能力过于自信_这种差距，他们自身所认为的能力水平和和实际能力之间的差距。 该句空格处需要填入一个动词，creating“造成、引起”符合句意，故为正确选项。10单选题第（10）题选A.competenceB.stressC.feelingD.anxiety正确答案：A参考解析：competence 能力、权限 stess 压力 feeling 感觉 anxiety 焦虑翻译：许多人对自己的领导能力过于自信，导致他们在自身所认为的_水平和实际_水平之间存在差距. 前面提到许
13、多人对自己的领导能力过于自信，所有后面的差距应该是自己所认为的自己的能力和实际的能力。所以competence“能力”符合句意，故为正确选项。11单选题第（11）题选A.account forB.contribute toC.result fromD.root in正确答案：B参考解析：acount for 解释、对.负责 contribute to 促成、有助于 result from 由.引起、起因于 root in 来源于.翻译：这就解释了为什么即使是好心的老板也可能会无意中_员工的焦虑程度变高. contribute to“导致”符合句意，故为正确选项。12单选题第（12）题选A.fo
14、rmidableB.mightyC.irrationalD.limited正确答案：D参考解析：formidable 可怕的、令人敬畏的 mighty 强大的、很 irrational 不合逻辑的、不理性的 limite 有限的、受限制的翻译：这就解释了为什么即使是好心的老板也可能会无意中导致员工的焦虑程度变高，并且纠正和改善其行为的能力也_. 最后那句就是对本句的形容，你既然认为自己是很搞笑的领导者，那么你还需要改变什么呢？ 说明，其纠正和改善自己家行为的能力是不足的，limited“有限的”符合句意。13单选题第（13）题选A.IfB.AlthoughC.WhenD.Unless正确答案：
15、A参考解析：翻译：_你认为自己的领导有效，那么改变的意义何在？ 空格需填人一个从属连词引导状语从句，冒号前的句子描述的是领导力不足及其影响，冒号后的复合句是对前一句的解释说明，后面是说改变没有意义，那么因果前提是他觉得自己领导有效，不需要改变。所以是因果关系，If“假如、如果” 符合句意，故为正确答案。14单选题第（14）题选A.approachB.reasonC.wayD.method正确答案：B参考解析：approach 方式、途径 reason 原因 way 道路、方法 method 方法翻译：正是由于这一_,所以领导者必须非常注意自己的行为和沟通方式. 四段句首，承接第三段最后一句强调
16、提升老板的领导能力的必要性，本句中的介词for意为“由于；因为”，后面应接表示“原因”的名词，四个选项中只有选项Breason“原因；理由”符合句意，故为正确选项。15单选题第（15）题选A.attractionB.priceC.attentionD.energy正确答案：C参考解析：pay attention to 固定搭配“注意” 带入原句：领导者必须非常注意自己的行为和沟通方式.16单选题第（16）题选A.soB.asC.thenD.whereas正确答案：B参考解析：翻译：在不确定性增加时，这一点的重要性也更加突出，_在面对恐惧时，我们经常寻求领导者来指导我们 . 由此可见主从句之间的
17、逻辑关系为因果关系，并且该句是解释前面提到的“领导者必须非常注意自己的行为和沟通方式”这一重要性的原因。四个选项中只有选项Bas“因为”符合句中的逻辑关系，故为正确选项。17单选题第（17）题选A.protectionB.pleasureC.moneyD.clarity正确答案：D参考解析：protection 保护 pleasure 愉快 money 金钱 clarity 清晰、清晰地思路翻译：因为在面对恐惧时，我们经常寻求领导者来指导我们，向我们提供_和指导， 空格处需要填入一个名词，须与direction构成并列语义关系，clarity“清晰；清晰的思路”符合本句的句意。D正确。18单选
18、题第（18）题选A.feelB.appearC.remainD.prove正确答案：C参考解析：feel 感受 appear 好像、出现 remain 保持 prove 证明、保证翻译：因为在面对恐惧时，我们经常寻求领导者来指导我们最重要的是，让我们有理由_希望和乐观. 空格处填入一个系动词和并列形容词构成系表结构，hope and optimistic是表示“人的积极心理状态”的形容词，所以需要“维持或保持”。C正确。19单选题第（19）题选A.confirmB.resumeC.assumeD.internalize正确答案：D参考解析：confirm 确认、确定 resume 恢复、重新开
19、始 assume 假设、承担 internalize 使内在化、吸收翻译：该句空格处需要填入一个动词，空格处动词的作用是积极的，修饰名词短语psychological lessons(心理课程)，四个选项中只有internalize“使内化，吸收”跟lessons(课程)形成逻辑通顺的动宾关系，故选项D符合本句的句意，故为正确答案。20单选题第（20）题选A.undermineB.impactC.forceD.impress正确答案：B参考解析：undermine 逐渐削弱 impact 影响 force 强迫 impress 使.意识、给什么留下印象翻译：如果你是一位经理或领导者，内化吸收一
20、些关于你的言语、表达和感受等行为是如何_团队的重要心理课程是很有用的，尤其是在你没有意识到其重要性的情况下。 知经理或领导者的行为会对团队起到作用，即对团队有“影响”，B正确。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题A butterflys wings can have many jobs besides keeping the insect aloft. They may be called on to attract mates, to warn potential predators to stay away, to mimic other animals or even to provid
21、ecamouflage. All of these roles, though, depend on their colourationhich is unchanging. This plays into the idea that butterfly wings are dead tissue, like a birds feathers or a mammals hair. In fact, that is not true.Nanfang Yu, a physicist at Columbia University, in New York, has been looking into
22、 the matter. One of his interests is the optical properties of biological materials. That has led him to study butterfly wings in more detail. And, in collaboration with Naomi Pierce, a butterfly specialist at Harvard University, he has now shown, in a paper published this week in Nature Communicati
23、ons, that butterfly wings are, indeed, very much alive.Initially, Dr Yu and Dr Pierce wanted to know how the insects keep their body temperatures up without their wings overheating. Unlike birds and mammals, butterflies do not generate enough internal heat to run their metabolisms at full pelt. Inst
24、ead, they rely on outside heat sourcesusually the sunto bring their bodies up to speed. But their wings, being thin protein membranes, have a limited thermal capacity. Those wings can therefore overheat quickly if the insects bask too long in sunlight, or, conversely, can cool down too rapidly if th
25、ey are flying through cold air.In their experiments, the two researchers used a laser to heat up spots on the wings of dozens of butterfly species. When the temperature of the area under the laser reached 40 or so, the insects responded within seconds by doing things that stopped their wings heating
26、 up further. These actions included a butterfly turning around to minimise its profile to the laser, flapping its wings or simply walking away.Butterflies engaged in all of these heat-minimising activities even when the researchers blindfolded them. That suggested the relevant sensors were on the wi
27、ngs themselves. Dr Yu and Dr Pierce therefore searched those wings for likely looking sensory cells. They found some, in the form of neurons that resembled heat detectors known from other insects. They speculate that these are there to detect deformation of the winginformation an insect could use to
28、 control its flight pattern.The third discovery Dr Yu and Dr Pierce made to contradict the dead wing hypothesis was that some butterfly wings have a heartbeat. Anyone who has looked closely at a butterfly will know that its wings have veins. These carry a bloodlike fluid called haemolymph. For a lon
29、g time, entomologists thought the only role of the veins was, by being pumped full of haemolymph, to inflate the wings to full stretch after a butterfly emerged from its chrysalis. Dr Yu and Dr Pierce have now found that in male hairstreaks the haemolymph shows a pulse of several dozen beats per min
30、ute.21单选题The word camouflage (Para. 1) is closet in meaning to_A.disguiseB.ornamentC.implementD.toxicity正确答案：A参考解析：disguise 伪装 ornament 装饰 implement 工具 toxicity 毒性They may be called on to attract mates, to warn potential predators to stay away, to mimic other animals or even to provide camouflage. 它
31、们可能被用来吸引配偶，警告潜在的捕食者远离它们，模仿其他动物，甚至_自己。 该句是并列列举，可根据词汇前面并列的内容进行推测，伪装更为合适。A正确。22单选题According to Paragraph 2, the authors attitude toward Dr Yus discovery is_A.criticizedB.passiveC.hesitateD.support正确答案：D参考解析：he has now shown, in a paper published this week in Nature Communications, that butterfly wings
32、are, indeed, very much alive. 本段没有作者没有明显的话语对于他们研究的看法。通过她们论文在权威机构上的发布，凸显了研究者的权威性，由此可看出，作者是支持的，赞同的，故选项support“支持的”为正确答案。23单选题The initial purpose of Dr Yu and Dr Pierces research on butterfly wings is_A.to prove butterfly wings are versatile living organsB.to look into butterflies body temperature cont
33、rolC.to analysis the process of butterflies metabolismsD.to ignite butterfly wings to find heat detectors正确答案：B参考解析：Initially, Dr Yu and Dr Pierce wanted to know how the insects keep their body temperatures up without their wings overheating. 起初，余博士和皮尔斯博士想知道这些昆虫是如何在不使翅膀过热的情况下保持体温的，B选项to look into bu
34、tterflies body temperature control“研究蝴蝶的体温控制”，正确。24单选题In Paragraph 5, researchers blindfold the butterflies toA.obstruct their possible reactionsB.eliminate interference factorsC.measure optical sensitivityD.probe the location of sensors正确答案：B参考解析：Butterflies engaged in all of these heat-minimising
35、activities even when the researchers blindfolded them. 研究人眼遮住蝴蝶眼睛是为了，排除视觉的影响，由此可知，选项eliminate interference factors“消除干扰因素”为正确答案。25单选题Which of the following is true of butterfly wings according to the text?A.They turned out to be simple living organs rather than dead issue.B.The role of veins is only
36、 to full inflate and stretch butterfly wings.C.The neutrons found in wings carry haemolymph to create a heartbeat.D.They are sensitive to ambient temperature due to sensory cells.正确答案：D参考解析：They found some, in the form of neurons that resembled heat detectors known from other insects. They speculate
37、 that these are there to detect deformation of the winginformation an insect could use to control its flight pattern. 他们发现了一些神经元，类似于其他昆虫的热探测器，由此可知，选项They are sensitive to ambient temperature due to sensory cells(由于感觉细胞，蝴蝶对周围温度很敏感)是正确答案。材料题根据以下材料，回答26-30题The rivalries among the tech industrys giants
38、have often resembled a Game of Thrones, in which companies such as Facebook, Google,and Apple constantly try to invade one anothers online kingdoms.On February 19th Facebook took a dramatic step todefend its turf, saying it would pay $19 billion for Whats App, a messaging service that had also attra
39、cted the attention of Google and almost certainly other suitors.The deal marks the coming-of-age of messaging apps, which let people send text messages and share photos and other stuff without incurring charges from telecoms firms.These apps have benefited from two profound trends that are transform
40、ing the technology landscape.The first of these is the rapid growth of web-connected smartphones, which has allowed WhatsApp and its rivals to spread like wildfire.Announcing the deal Mark Zuckerberg, Facebooks boss, said Whats App had reached 450m users much faster than any other web service.It has
41、 also made itself addictive：72% of its users are active on it every day.And the viral nature of its appeal means it has achieved all this without spending a penny on marketing.The second trend behind Whats Apps success is the dramatic decline in the cost of building start-ups.Thanks to things such a
42、s cloud computing, which lets young firms buy vast amounts of cheap computing capacity, entrepreneurs can create globe-spanning businesses on shoestring budgets.Whats App has just 32 software engineers, which means that eaeh one supports some 14m users.And the volume of messages it is handling is sa
43、id to be the equivalent of all the SMS messages transmitted by the worlds telecoms companies.Indeed,Whats Apps success in many ways mirrors that of Facebook itself, which came from nowhere to dominate social networking.Recently,however, Facebook has been losing some of its cool, especially among you
44、nger users.That may explain why the famously paranoid Mr. Zuckerberg is willing to pay a kings ransom for a company that might ultimately eclipse his own creation.But does the whopping price tag for Whats App make sense? Assuming it keeps adding users at its current rate of 1 m a dayand they end up
45、paying for its serviceit could generate hundreds of millions of dollars of revenue.Much will depend on how well Mr.Zuckerberg gets on with Jan Koum, the boss of Whats App, who is joining Facebooks board and will run the app as an independent business. Mr.Koum, who has a well-known aversion to collec
46、ting peoples data and plastering advertising over his App, seems an odd bedfellow for Facebook.But the deal was clearly one that he couldnt refuse.26单选题In Paragraph 1, the phrasedefend its turf probably refers to_A.reinforce its businessB.protect its territoryC.establish its realmD.preserve its repu
47、tation正确答案：A参考解析：The rivalries among the tech industrys giants have often resembled a Game of Thrones, in which companies such as Facebook, Google,and Apple constantly try to invade one anothers online kingdoms.技术产业巨擘之间的竞争就好比一场“权利的游戏”，脸书、谷歌和苹果等企业不断地想进军竞争对手的网络领域。所以出乎意料的收购Whats app就不仅仅是保护自己的领土，而是巩固增强自己也业务。27单选题According to Paragraphs 2&3, Whats App_A.is bundled with web-connected smartphones.B.might be a typical ea