《2022年初中被动语态讲解.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年初中被动语态讲解.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载被动语态一概念 ：英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态 The Active V oice与被动语态（ The Passive Voice；主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 ;被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者；例： 1. They make trains in Xi an. Trains are made in Xi an by them. 2. Xm beats Xx evey day. Xx is beaten by Xm every day. 二构成be + done p.p.- 及物动词的过去分词）一般现在时 amis are
2、+ v.p.p. 一般过去时 waswere +v.p.p.一般将来时 will be be going to be + v.p.p . 过去将来时 would be/was,were going to be + v.p.p 现在进行时 am/is/are being + v.p.p.过去进行时 was/were being+ v.p.p.现在完成时 have/has +been+ v.p.p 情态动词 aux.v. must cancouldmay + be + v.p.p.三被动语态的使用1. 当我们不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时；例： 1. His car was stolen
3、last night. 2. Basketball is played in most countries. 2. 动作的承担者是谈话的中心（常由 by 引起）例： 1. A lot of articles that we have learned were written by Lu Xun. 四不用被动语态的情形 1. 某些及物动词 + adv 表主动,特殊是后加副词（如well, easily 等）时；主动语态有被动含义,这类动词常见的有 sell,write ,wear,wash,photograph, clean, cook, cut 例： 1. This book sells we
4、ll. 2. Your pen writes really well/smoothly. 3. This dress that my mom bought for me wears well 4. She does not photograph well. 5. The cheese doesn t cut easily. It s too soft. 句子是主谓结构时,不用被动语态；常见的谓语动词有：happen, take place, disappear, rise, break out, come about, come true, come out, run out, turn ou
5、t 例： 1. A traffic accident happened just now. 2. Great changes are taking place in my hometown. 3. He disappears. 4. When a gay person comes out, they let people know that he is a gay. 3. 连系动词无被动：感官系动词： look 、feel、sound、smell、taste “ 表变化的系动词”：become、grow 、turn、fall 、get “ 表保持的系动词”：keep, reamain, sta
6、y prove + 形容词,名词或不 定式 五留意1. 使役动词 make, have, let 和感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, find 后跟省略了 to 的动词不定式 , 第 1 页,共 4 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 但在被动语态中必需仍原to；精品资料欢迎下载例： 1. We noticed a stranger enter the classroom. A stranger was noticed to enter the classroom. 2. We heared him sing t
7、hat morning. He was heared to sing that morning. 3. They found him steal a necklace from a shop. He was found to steal a necklace from. 留意：这些感官动词在中考中会显现其后跟doing 的备选项,其意义为“看到,听到,发觉,留意到某人正在做某事 ）2. 含双宾语的被动语态：直接宾语（物）和间接宾语（人）主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情形： 把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位；例： 1. He gave a book to me. I was giv
8、en a book by him. 2. He bought a gift for me. I was bought a gift by him. 把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词 to 或 for ；例： 1. He gave a book to me. A book was given to me by him 2. He bought a gift for me. A gift was bought for me by him. 3. 有些不及物动词加介词构成“ 及物动词短语”,变成被动语态时留意不能丢掉介词例： look after, look at, take
9、care of, take a photo of, laugh at , be used for 1. He looks after his sister. His sister is looked after by him. 2. We must take good care of our children. Our children must be taken good care of. 3. I will take a photo of you. You will be taken a photo of by me. 现在完成时被动语态【学习目标】 1.现在完成时被动语态的结构2. 现在
10、完成时被动语态的主要用法3使用现在完成时的被动语态需要留意的问题【课前预习】现在完成时被动语态的结构就是 现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合,即“have + been + 动词过去分词”；试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：主动： He has repaired the machine for two hours. （他修理这台机器已有两小时了）被动：The machine has been repaired for two hours. （这台机器已修了两小时了）2. 主动句： The teacher has borrowed the books. （老师把那些书借走了）被动句： The book
11、s have been borrowed by the teacher. 【本课重点】一、现在完成时被动语态的构成（那些书被老师借走了）1现在完成时被动语态的确定式：由“have has been 及物动词的过去分词” 构成；例如：Two windows have been broken 两个窗子被打破了；2现在完成时被动语态的否定式：由“have has notbeen 及物动词的过去分词” 构成；例如： The car has not been repaired这辆汽车仍没有修好；3现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式：由“Have Has 主语 been及物动词的过去分词” 构名师归纳总结 -
12、 - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载成；例如：Has her work been finished ？她的工作完成了吗？ Yes,it has是的,完成了； Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？No,they havent不,仍没有；现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式：由“ 疑问词havehas主语 been及物动词的过去分词”构成；例如： How long has her work been finished ？她的工作完成有多久了？Who has been helped by t
13、he new computer？谁已经得到了这台新运算机的帮忙？How many new words have been learned by the students ？这些同学已经学会了多少单词？二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法1表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去）,强调对现在造成的影响和结果；例如： The door has been locked门被锁上了； （结果是现在没有人能进去）2表示一个被动的动作或状态开头于过去,连续到现在,并可能将连续下去,常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用,或用于 How long ？句型中；例如： They have been to
14、ld about it for many times有人告知他们这事许多次了；（可能仍会有人告诉他们）How long has the machine been used？这机器使用有多久了？三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要留意的问题1现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词,即have has 和 been,两者缺一不行；2留意与一般过去时被动语态的区分；一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某 个时候,其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果；例如： The house was built last year这房子
15、是去年建造的；The house has been built这房子已经建好了；3由 finish ,buy,start,begin,post,return,borrow , join ,marry,open 等词构成的现在完成时 的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如 for four days ,how long 等连用,而要改换动词或时态；例如：译：这本书买了多久了？误： How long has this book been bought ？正： How long ago was this book bought ？但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的连续过程,具有连续性,因而可与 since
16、 或 for 引导的时间段连用；例如： No books have been bought since last week自上周以来,没有人来买过书；4短语动词是一个不行分割的整体,在被动结构中要保持完整性,不行省略短语动词中的介词或副词；例如： The orphan has been well looked after 这位孤儿始终受到很好的照料；【巩固练习】 1. No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building. A. been given B. gave C. given D. be give 2. By 2003, 28 Ch
17、inese culture relics _ on World Heritage List by UNESCO. A. be placed B. placed C. have been placed D. have placed 3. A lot of money _ to protect the old temple. A. have been spent B. has spent C. have spent D. has been spent 4. The Summer Palace _ by so many tourists that some of the relics are not
18、 well protected. A. has been visited B. is visited C. to be visited D. visits 5. The Great Wall _ many times in history. A. is rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. been rebuilt D. rebuilt 6. The Stonehenge _ existed for more than 3,000 years. A. is B. be C. has been D.has been 7. How many times _ not to p
19、lay with fire.Im sorry. Ill never do that again. A. do you tell B. had you told C. are you told D. have you been told 8. The fire _ to the fifth floor. _ all the people _. A. has got; Have; been saved B. has been got; Have; saved 第 3 页,共 4 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载C. ha
20、s got; Do; save D. has got; Have; saved 9. Old paintings _ according to the descriptions. A. are carefully recreated B. have been carefully recreated C. have be recreated D. been carefully recreated 10. The ancient king s tomb _ by thieves. A. be stolen B. stole C. stolen D. has been stolen 11. More
21、 visitors _ to Beijing since the repair project _. A. have brought; was completed B. have been brought; was completed C. have been brought; completed D. have brought; completed 12. It is true that many of the world s greatest cities _ on the banks of a river. A. have been built B. have built C. are
22、being built D. were built 13. Do you know the thief _ by the police. A. has caught B. has been catching C. was caught D. has been caught 14.A big cinema _ in our town next year.A.will build B.is built C.will be built D.has built 15.This book _ by a famous writer many years ago.A. writes B. is written C. was writen D. was written 16.In China the money _ to children for good luck by their parents or other senior in Spring FestivalA.givesB.is givenC.are givenD.give 第 4 页,共 4 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -