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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载中学被动语态语法讲解一、英语动词有两种语态.,主动语态和被动语态；主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者；如：They will build a new bridge over the river. 主动 A new bridge will be built over the river. 被动 汉语中常用 “被”、“给 ”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用：助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词构成；二 、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要表达在be 的变化上,其形式与系动词 be 的变化形式完
2、全一样；常见的几种时态中的被动语态 一般现在时： am / is / are + done People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. 一般过去时： was / were + done The students didnt forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten 一般将来时： shall / will + be done They will send cars abroad
3、 by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + done We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 过去进行时： was / were + being + done The workers were mending the road. The road was being mended. 现在完成时： have / has + been + done He has brought his book here. His book
4、has been brought here. 过去完成时： had + been + done 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载 I found they had already sold out the tickets. I found the tickets had already been sold out. 含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由 物动词的过去分词 ”构成；You must hand in your compositions after class. Your
5、compositions must be handed in after class. 三、 被 动 语 态 的 使 用“情态动词 + be+ 及1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用 by 短语；“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”2.突出或强调动作的承担者,假如需要说出动作的执行者,用 by 短语；The cup was broken by Paul. 3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承担者时,这经常用in + 名词作状语,而代替 by 短语； These cars were made
6、in China. 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语；2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词,时态要与原句保持一样；3.把主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by 短语可以省略；假如原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态中用 in + 地点名词作状 语；五、语态转换时所留意的问题1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一样,其 谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一样；We have bought a new computer.-A new computer has been bought. 2. 含有双宾语的
7、主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一 个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多,假如把直接宾语 指物改为主语,就在间接宾语 指人前加适当的介词；My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. A present was given to me yesterday. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载留意： 1.一般在以下动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词 to ,如： bring
8、, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等；1 The book was showed to the class ； 2 My bike was lent to her. 2.一般在以下动词后,间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等；1 A new skirt was made for me. 2
9、The meat was cooked for us. 3 Some country music was played for us. 3. 由动词 + 介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不行拆开或漏掉；这类动词有： agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about ：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out
10、, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等；The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather 4. 带复合宾语 宾语+ 宾补的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面；如：1 We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept
11、 clean. 2 She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. 留意：在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel 等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to ,但改成被动语态后都带 to,这时不定式为主语补足语,也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略 to 的问题；We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.
12、 5. 当主动句的主语是 nobody, no one 等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中将其变为 anybody, 作 by 的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态；如：Nobody can answer this question.- The question can not be answered by anybody. 6. 当否定句中的宾语是 anything, anybody, anyone 等不定代词时,在被动句中应将其分别变为 nothing, nobody, no one 作主语,并将谓语动词变为确定的被动语态；如：They havent done anything to
13、make the river clean. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载-Nothing has been done to make the river clean. 7. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和well, badly, easily 等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或性能,是不及物动词,用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态,常见的有： write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等；如：1The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗；2T
14、he new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销；9. 以下情形主动句不能改为被动句：第一,感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如：sound, remain 等；feel,look, seem, taste, 1 Do you like the material. Yes, it feels very soft. 其次,一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态,如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to 等；如： The fire broke out in the capital bu
15、ilding. 第三,不及物动词没有被动语态,如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等；After the earthquake, few houses remained. 第五,宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,v-ing 形式及抽象名词等,不能变为被动句子的主语,如：I taught myself English. 误： Myself was taught English. 10. 在汉语中,有一类句子不显现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示,例如：据说 It is said that 据报导 It is reported that 据估计 It is supposed that 期望 It is hoped that 众所周知 It is well known that 普遍认为 It is generally considered that 有人建议 It is suggested that 1 It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2 It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页