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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载高中英语语法总结大全之虚拟语气 虚拟语气 1） 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不肯定是事实,或 与事实相反；2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句；非真实条件句表示的 是假设的或实际可能性不大的情形,故采纳虚拟语气；真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情形可能发生,其中时态关系 句型：条件从句主句一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题The volleyb
2、all match will be put off if it _. A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained if 是假如的意思；答案 B；真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时；留意：1） 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to 表示将来,该用shall, will. 错 If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. 对 If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2） 表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用 动词形式；非真实条件句shall w
3、ill + 动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的1）时态：可以表示过去,现在和将来的情形；它的基本特点是时态退后；a.同现在事实相反的假设；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 句型 ：条件从句主句精品资料欢迎下载一般过去时 should would + 动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b.表示于过去事实相反的假设；句型：条件从句主句 过去完成时 shouldwould have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would hav
4、e succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义： He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had n
5、ot been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. c.表示对将来的假想 句型：条件从句 主句一般过去时 should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, ev
6、erything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,同而不同,这叫做混合条件句；这时主, 从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反；）If it had rained last night 过去 , it would be very cold today 现在 . 名师归纳总结
7、- - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分假如含有 或 had 移到从句句首,实行倒装；were, should, 或 had, 可将 if 省略,再把 were, shouldWere they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, y
8、ou would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 留意：在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were ,不用 was, 即在从句中be 用were 代替；If I were you, I would go to look for him. 假如我是你,就会去找他；If he were here, everything would be all right. 假如他在这儿,一切都会好的；典型例题_ to do the wo
9、rk, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案 C. 在虚拟条件状语中假如有 were, should, had 这三个词,通常将 if 省略,主语提 前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式；但要留意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Werent I 倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式；如我们可说 to do. 特别的虚拟语气词：should 1） It is demanded / necessary / a pit
10、y + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形,should 可省略；句型：1suggested 名师归纳总结 It is2importantthat + should do第 3 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载3 a pity 1suggested, ordered, proposed, required,demanded, requested, insisted； + should do 2important, necessary, natural, strange a pity,a sh
11、ame,no wonder 3It is suggested that we should hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he should come to our meeting tomorrow. 2）在宾语从句中的应用 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中；order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + should do I suggest that we should hold a meeting next
12、week. He insisted that he should be sent there. 留意：如 suggest, insist 不表示 建议 或 坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意示意、说明 、坚持认为 时,宾语从句用陈述语气；The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 判定改错 : （错） You pale face suggests that you should be ill. 对Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 错I insisted that you
13、should be wrong. 对I insisted that you were wrong. 3）在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用 在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要 用虚拟语气,即（should）+动词原形；My idea is that we should get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we should hold a meeting next week. wish 的用法 1）用于 w
14、ish 后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情形,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望；其宾语从句的动词形式为：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载wish 后真实状况从句动作先于主句动词动现在时过去时作（be 的过去式为were）过去时过去完成时从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had + 过去分词）将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could + 动词原形I wish I were as tall as you. 我期望和你一样高；He wished he hadnt said that. 他期望他没讲那样的话；I
15、 wish it would rain tomorrow. 我期望明天下雨就好了；2）Wish to do 表达法；Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once. 比较 if only 与 only if only if 表示 只有 ； if only 就表示 假如 就好了 ；If only 也可用于陈述语气；I wa
16、ke up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒；If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了；If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来；It is high time that It is high time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should 加动词原形,但should不行省略；It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to be
17、d. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载need不必做 和本不该做 didnt need to do 表示：过去不必做某事 , 事实上也没做；. neednt have done表示：过去不必做某事 , 但事实上做了；John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了；John went to the station with th
18、e car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了；Mary 步行回家, 没有遇上 John 的车； 典型例题There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurriedB. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurryD. neednt have hurried 答案 D；neednt have done. 意为 本不必 ,即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要；Mustnt have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为 couldnt have done, 不行能已经 ； must not do 不行以（用于一般现在时）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页