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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中与现在事实相从句主句例句If + 主语 +助动词的过主语 + should/would/could/might+If I had time, I would attend the 反的假设去式（ were, did, had）动词原形meeting. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad. 与过去事实相If + 主语 +had+过去分词主 语 +should/would/could/might If you had taken my advi
2、ce, you 反的假设+have+过去分词would not have failedin the exam. 与将来事实相If+ 主语 + 动词过去主语 + should/would/could/might+If youcametomorrow, we 反的假设式动词原形would have the meeting. If+ 主语 +were to+动If it were to rain tomorrow, we 词原形would put off the sports meeting. If+ 主 语 +should+ 动If he should not come tomorrow, 错综时
3、间条件句词原形 留意不能是we should put off the meeting wouldtill next Monday. : 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一样时,被称为错综时间条件句,动 词的形式要依据它表示的时间作出相应的调整；如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. if 省略句 在条件句中可以省略 if, 把 were, had
4、, should 提到句首,变成倒装句式；如：If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. 假如我仍有上学的机会,我会更加努力学习；If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 假如你来得早点,你就能赶上公共汽车；If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go cli
5、mbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 假如明天下雨的话,我们就不能登山去了；用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有 with, without, but for ；如：What would you do with a million dollars . =if you had a million dollars 假如你有 100 万元,你会做什么？名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - We couldn t have finished the w
6、ork ahead of time without your help . =if we hadn t got your help 没有你的帮忙,我们不行能提前完成这项工作；Without your help , we couldn t have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not been for you help, 没有你的帮忙,我们不行能提前完成这项工作；含蓄条件句 有时在虚拟语气中并不总是显现 if 引导的条件句,而是
7、通过其他手段来代替条件句；如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. 副词 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. 连词 A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. 定语从句 I might have given you more help, but I was
8、 too busy. 连词 Everything taken into consideration , they would have raised their output quickly. 独立主格结构 even if, even though 也可用于虚拟语气,其形式与习题if 从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同；1. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going. A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent D. we
9、re, would have prevented 2. If it for the snow, we the mountain yesterday. A. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. had not been, could climb 3. Without electricity 电 human life quite difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would
10、 be 4. I didn t see your sister at the meeting, if she , she would have met my brother. 名师归纳总结 A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come . 第 2 页,共 9 页5. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. h
11、ad been broken 6. He hesitated徘徊 for a moment before kicking 踢 the ball. Otherwise he a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 7. right now, she would get there on Sunday. A. Would she leave B. If she leaves C. Were she to leave D. If she had left 8. Had he worked harder,
12、he the exam. A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get through D. could get through 9. He must have had an accident, or he then. A. would have been here B. had to be here C. should be here D. would be here 10. for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. A. Not being B.
13、 Had it not been C. Without being D. Not having been 11. We didn t know his telephone number, otherwise we him. A. would have called B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephoned 虚拟语气 1复习题1.He you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have g
14、iven D. may give 2. for your laziness懒散 , you could have finished the assignment任务 by now. 名师归纳总结 A. Had it not been B. It were not C. weren t it D. Had not it been 第 3 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3.If I hadn t stood under the ladder梯子 to catch you when you fell, you now. A. wouldn
15、t be smiling B. couldnt have smiled C. won t smile D. didnt smile 4.If it Professor Johnsons recommendation举荐, I wouldnt have been admitted to the graduate school讨论生学院 . A. were not for B. had not been for C. were not D. had it not been 5.If we do not develop a new kind of car, air pollution even mo
16、re dangerous. A. should have become B. will become C. would have become D. must have become 6.But for the stormy weather, we earlier. A. should arrive B. shall arrive C. should have arrived D. shall have arrived 7.If we their terms条款,条件 , we would go bankrupt破产 . A. accept B. should accept C. had ac
17、cepted D. are to accept 8.John would never have gone to the hospital that Tom would be there, too. A. he did not know B. if had he known C. had he known D. he would have known 9.Had he been more careful, he that accident. A. would avoid B. would have avoided C. avoided D. should avoid 10.But that he
18、 came to help me, I there earlier. A. could not arrive B. could not have arrived C. did not arrive D. can not arrive 11.She could look more attractive有魅力的,吸引人的 but she no attention to her clothes. A. pays B. was paying C. paid D. had paid 12.If I in his place, I would do that, too. A. was B. were C.
19、 am D. had been 虚拟语气 2虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由 suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose 等表示建议、 恳求、 命名师归纳总结 令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中,名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条第 4 页,共 9 页规律名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式,从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形,其中should 可以省去；（特殊提示： 不是用 would,而是用 should；）- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
20、 常见的这类动词有: ask 要求 , advise, beg, Our teacher suggested that we should not suggest 建议 , command 命令 , demand 要求,leave the classroom. 老师建议我们不要离开request 恳求 , insist, require 要求 , order 下令 , 教室；他坚持她propose, advice, recommend, intend, prefer 宁He insisted that she do it right now. 愿 , permit, persuade, exp
21、ect, decide 决 定 , 立刻就做；instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint 等等It is suggested by the doctor that I should give 在 It is/was + 上述动词的 -ed 形式 +that 从句中 当上述动词以其名词形式显现,并且被用作 主语,引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时2. up smoking. 医生建议我戒烟；My suggestion is that we should set out tomorrow morning. 我建议我们明早动身；The suggestion t
22、hat the sports meeting should put off 在 It is /was necessary, important 等形容词 It is necessary that you should attend the +that 从句中,常见的这类形容词有 :necessary, meeting. 你有必要参与会议；important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你desirable, natural, strange, impe
23、rative 等 必需按时到达那儿；在 It is a pity a shame, no wonder+that 从句中练习题It is a pity that you fail the exam. It is no wonder he be late for class. 1.I insist that a doctor immediately. A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for 2.The manager of the hotel requests要求 that their guests
24、客人们 after 11:00 p.m. A. not to play loud music B. shouldn t play loud music C. don t play loud music D. couldn t play loud music 3.Mikes uncle insists in this hotel. A. staying not B. not to stay C. that he would not stay D. that he not stay 4.It was essential重要的 that the application forms申请表 back b
25、efore the headline截止日期 . C. be sent D. were sent A. must be sent B. would be sent 5.It is necessary the dictionary immediately. A. that he will return B. that he returned C. that he return D. that he has to return 6.It is proposed建议 that the matter事情,大事 discussed at the next meeting. 名师归纳总结 A. will
26、be B. was C. would be D. be 第 5 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7.It is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios after 11 o clock at night. A. were not played B. not be played C. not to play D. did not play 8.We are all for your proposal that the discussion . A. be put off B.
27、 was put off C. should put off D. is to put off 9.I don t think it advisable 明智的,可取的,适当的 since he has no experience. that Tom to the job A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned 10.It is essential必要的,重要的 that the books you borrowed from the library back before the deadl
28、ine截止日期 . A. be sent B. would be sent C. were sent D. must be sent 11.He insisted that his father with them. A. go B. will go C. will be going D. went 12.The workers demanded that their wages by 20 percent. A. raised B. raise C. should have been raised D. be raised 13.At the meeting everybody was ag
29、ainst his suggestion that a new bridge over the river. A. be built B. must be built C. was to be built D. had to be built 虚拟语气 3虚拟语气的其他用法对现在的虚拟, 从句的谓语动I wish I were a little younger.词用 过去时 我期望我能够年轻一点；对过去的虚拟, 从句的谓语动I wish I had been there. 我真在 wish 后面的宾语从句中词用 过去完成时had done期望我当时在那里；或 “would/could+ 现 在
30、 完 成I wish I had not attended that 时”party. 我真期望我当时没参加那个聚会；对将来的虚拟, 从句的谓语用I wish he could explain what “ would/could+ 动词原形 ”he means. 表示 “ 但愿” ,“ 要是 就 好了 ” 用法和 wish 基本相同,只是比 wish 具有更剧烈的感If only the rain would stop. 对将来 的虚拟 但愿雨能停；If only I were taller. 对现在在 if only 感叹句中情颜色；的虚拟 我的个子要是能高一点就好了；If only I
31、had followed your advice. 对 过去 的虚拟 要是 我听从了你的建议就好了！名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 表示与现在事实相反或对现 I really don t like the way you 在情形有所怀疑,谓语用过are speaking to me. It seems as 去时if you were my father. 我真的特别厌恶你和我说话的方式；你听起来就似乎是我爸爸；表示与过去事实相反, 谓语用He kept telling us what had 过去完成时 happ
32、ened as if he had been 在 as if/as though 引导的从句there himself. 他不停地和我中 们讲发生的事情, 似乎他当时在场一样；有时也用 陈述语气 ,这时表It is becoming dark. It looks as 示较大的真实性或可能性 if it s going to rain. 天变黑了,似乎就要下雨了；It seems as if he had been to America. 他似乎去过美国；would rather do sth. 表示将来I would rather gothere 或现在的大事, “ 主语宁愿自tomorro
33、w. 我想明天去那里；己做某事”He would rather not stay at home tonight. 他今晚不想在家呆着；would rather have done sth. She would rather not have 在 would rather 结构中表示过去的大事, “主语宁愿gone to the party. 她觉得真是自己过去做了某事,但实际不该去参与那个晚会；上没有做”would rather sb. Did 表示的Don t come tomorrow. I d 是将来或现在的大事, “ 主语rather you camenext 宁愿 让另外一个人 做
34、某事”weekend. 明天就别来了,我 期望你下周末过来；would rather sb. had done 表I would rather you had 示过去的大事, “ 主语宁愿别 人过去做了某事, 但实际上没returned the book yesterday. 我真期望你昨天把这本书仍在It is about, high 有做”了；从句中用 过去时, 表示早该It is high time that we began to time+that 从句中做而未做的事, 并含有建议的work. 咱们应当开头干活了；意味；练习题1.I wish I you yesterday. A.
35、seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 2.If only he quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn t suffer 忍耐痛楚 so much now. 名师归纳总结 A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. shouldn t lie 第 7 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3.How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B
36、. had C. will have D. had had 4.Look at the terrible situation I am in. if only I your advice. A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed 5.He didn t go to the party, but he does wish he there. A. had been B. has been C. would have been D. would be 6.I wish I longer this morning, but
37、 I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 7.Jack wishes that he business instead of history when he was in university. A. had studied B. study C. studied D. had been studying 8.Its already five o clock now. Do you think it s about time . A. we
38、 are going home B. we go home C. we went home D. we can go home 9.“You are very selfish（自私）. It s high time you that you are not the most important person in the world,” Jim said to his boss angrily. A. realized B. have realized C. realize D. should realize 10.You don t have to be in such a hurry. I
39、 would rather you on business first. A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone 11.I d rather you make any comment评论 on the issue问题 for the time being目前 A. dont B. wouldn t C. didn t D. shouldn t 12.Wouldnt you rather your children to bed early. A. go B. went C. would go D. does 13.The manager经理 wo
40、uld rather his daughter in the same office. A. had not worked B. not to work C. dose not work D. did not work 14.If only the committee委员会 the regulations章程,规章,条例 and put them into effect使生效 as soon as possible. A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve your 15.I am sure she would ra
41、ther you the bad news and sorrow痛楚 with her. A. will tell; share B. tell; share C. has told; shared D. had told; shared 16.It is high time that you a bath洗澡,沐浴 . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. will take B. took C. had taken D. would take 17.She said that she would rather not the problem in the presence在场 of so many strangers生疏人 . A. to discuss B. discuss C. discussing D. discussion 18.I would rather you those important documents文件 with you. 名师归纳总结 A. do not take B. did not take C. will not take D. not take 第 9 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -