《2022年初中语法-动词不定式和动名词.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年初中语法-动词不定式和动名词.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 动词不定式 :“ 不定式符号学习必备欢迎下载to+ 动词原形”一、用作主语 1. Is _ easy to finish the design before National Day. D. he A. this B. that C. it 2. It _ forty-five minutes _ there by bus. D. takes; to get to A. cost; to get B. takes; getting C. takes; to get 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种：1把不定式置于句首
2、；如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 2用 it 作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于以下句式中； Itbe名词 to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work. Itbe形容词 for sbto do It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a qua
3、rter of an hour. Itbe形容词 of sbto do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. 留意：不定式复合结构的介词用 for 仍是 of ,主要打算于前面形容词的性质；一般说来,of 前面的形容词是 careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise 等,既说明人的特性,又说明不定式动作的特性；for 前面的形容词是 dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting
4、, necessary 特性；前面假如是名词用 for ；二、 用作表语 The first thing is the teacher. A.greet B.greeting C.to greet D.to greeting This house is in . D.to living A.living B.to live C.live 动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特点；如：等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,不说明人的The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.三、用作宾语1. 可以接带 to 的动词
5、不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求挑选同意 ask, choose, agree,；如：期望打算学习 expect, hope, decide, learn宁可方案知道 prefer, plan, know,期望想要情愿 wish, want, would like / love1We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2He prefers to eat white bread and rice. 3Id love to visit Mexico. 2.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it 代替不定式,
6、把不定式置于补语之后,如：.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.；如： I find it difficult everything. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载A.to remember B.remember C.remembering We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poo
7、r. 四、用作定语 1.I m hungry. Get me something _.A eat B to eat C eating D for eating 2. Have you got everything ready for the trip. - Yes. There s nothing _.A. to worry about B. need to worry about C. to worry at all D. worrying about 3. He is a nice person _. A. to work with B. working with C. worked wi
8、th D. to be worked 1. 句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的规律主语,不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在规律的动宾关系时,用动词不定式的主动式；如：1I cant think of any good advice to give her. 动宾关系2Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch. 2. 动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时,不定式与这些名词出现出动状关系或同位关系；如：1He needs time to do homework. 2Is that a
9、good place to hang out？3You want to know the best way to get around the city. 五、用作补语 Their teacher often _ them a funny story _ his class lovely and interesting. A. tells; to make B. talks; to make C. says; makes D. speaks; makes动词不定式作补语时,在主动语态句里补宾语,在被动语态句里补主语,句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的规律执行者；假如不定式是 to be done,
10、句子的宾语或主语就是规律承担者；1. 在主、被动语态句里用带 to 的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求答应提议 ask, allow, permit, advise,期望邀请勉励 expect, suppose, invite, encourage,教诲告知想要 teach, tell, want,等待期望情愿 wait for, wish, would like / love；如：1Id invite her to have dinner at my house. 2Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 3Emai
11、l English is supposed to be used on mobile phones. 2. 动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带to ,被动语态句里带to 时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括四“ 看” ： look at, observe, see, watch,三“ 让” ： have, let, make,二“ 听” ： hear, listen to,一“ 感觉” ： feel ,一“ 留意” ：notice ；1This picture makes me feel tense！2Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his d
12、reams 3.be said, be sure, happen, seem 等后面可以接带 to 的动词不定式作主语的补语；如：1He doesn t seem to have many friends.2Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you. 1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. 第 2 页,共 7 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. to enter B. enter 学习必备 D. entered
13、欢迎下载 C. entering 2 . “ Dont always make Michacl _ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear.” Mr Bush said to his wife. A. do B. to do C. does D. did 3. The young lady watched her daughter _ a yo-yo yesterday afternoon. A. to play with B. playing with C. to play D. plays 4. Though he had often mad
14、e his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister _. A cry; to cry B crying; crying C cry; cry D to cry; cry 六、用作状语 1. The ice is thick enough _. A. to walk on B. for walking C. to walk D. to walk on it 2. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B.
15、sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 作目的状语I stayed there to see what would happen. 2 Bob took down my telephone number in order not to forget it. 3I stayed there so that in order thatI could see whatwould happen. 4.I hurried to Professor Wangs house only to find he was out. 我匆忙的感到王教授的家可是却发觉他外出了；2. 缘由状语,多见于
16、“sb.+be+adj.+to do.” 结构句中；如：1 We are glad to hear the news. 2I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well 3. 结果状语,多见于“too.to” ,“enough to.”so.that.结构句中；如：七、带疑问词的不定式短语 1. There is no difference between in the two words. I really d ont know _.A. what to choose B. which to choo
17、se C. to choose which D. to choose what 2. Excuse me. Would you please tell me _ buy a digital camera. A. what to B. where to C. what I can D. where can I 动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词 what, which, who 或疑问副词 how, when, where, why 等；这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用；要留意的是,why 后面的不定式不带 to ；如：1. 用作句子的成分；1I don t know
18、 what to try next. 作宾语 2Where to go is not decided yet. 作主语 2. 单独使用时相当于一个特别疑问句1What to do next.=What will we / you do next. 2Why go there.=Why do we / you go there. 1. The teacher told the students _ in class. A. not talk B. don t talk C. didn t talk D. not to talk 2. “ Mr Zhang, youd better _ too m
19、uch meat. You are already over weight, ” said the doctor. A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat 八、动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do.,不带 to 的不定式的否定式是not / never do.如：第 3 页,共 7 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1.Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to ea
20、ch other. to drive after drinking. 堂上练一练： 1. My mother often asks me _ early. 2.His parents tell him never A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up 2 . We are told _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep our school clean and tidy. A. not to make much noise B. to throw waste paper C. to draw D. not
21、to spit 3. The boy was too busy _ his father last term. A. to hear from B. to write to C. hearing from D. write to 4 . Look. How heavy the rain is. Youd better _ _. A. don t go now B. stay here when it stops C. not leave until it stops D. not to leave at once 5. Bob, would you like to come to our di
22、nner party. - _. A. Yes, I would B. Yes, Id love to C. No, I wouldn t D. No, I dont go 6 . Tracy cant play the match now. please _ instead.A. have Lily do it B. have Lily to do it C. make Lily to do it D. let Lily to do it 7. You must be very tired. Why not _ a rest. A. to stop to have B. to stop ha
23、ving C. stop to have D. stop having 8. There is going to _ an English party this evening in our school. A. to be B. to have C. having D. being 9 . You d better _ a policem an at this moment. A. not to sent for B. wont sent for C. don t sent for D. not sent for 10. The teacher will show him _. A. to
24、use B. use it C. how to use it D. uses 动名词动名词（ doing ）是一个动词的ing 形式 , 在句子中起名词的作用, 例如 , walking, playing, running 等等 . 动名词在句子中可以用作主语, 动词宾语 , 介词宾语 , 和表语等成分 . 1. 动名词可以起名词的作用,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语； 做主语： Playing football is my fabourite sport. 做宾语： She is intersted in dancing. 做表语： My fabourite sport is danc
25、ing. 做定语： He is in the reading room. 1 动名词作介词宾语 : Object of a preposition A. 1. I m used to sleeping with the windows open. 我习惯开着窗子睡觉 . 2. We are interested in learning more about your work. 我们对你的工作很感爱好 , 想多明白点有关情形 . 3. The Americans succeeded in landing on the moon . 美国人胜利的登上了月球 . b. by + doing sth
26、. 1.Pat turned off the tape recorder by pushing the stop button. 派特按下停止键, 关上了录音机 . 2. We show other people that we are happy by smiling. 我们通过微笑表示兴奋3. Wang improved his English by watching films. 通过看电影,王提高了他的英语水平C.go + shopping / swimming / fishing / hunting / skiing / bowling / dancing / hiking / mo
27、untain-climbing 2 只能接动名词的词如下:第 4 页,共 7 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - finish, deny ,enjoy, consider, 学习必备keep, 欢迎下载imagine, miss, mind, discuss, admit, escape, understand, practise, complete, suggest, spend time doing 1. We finished eating at 7:30 last night. 我们昨晚 7:30 吃完晚饭 . 2. I don
28、 t enjoy being laughed at by other people. 我不喜爱被其他人嘲笑 . 3. It kept raining for three days. 雨连续下了三天 . 4. We appreciate having had the opportunity to meet the king. 我们特别感谢能得到面见国王的机会 . 与动名词连用的短语 Special expressions with ing form: （需要背诵）1. have fun doing sth. 2. have a good time doing sth. 3.have troubl
29、e in doing sth. 4. have difficulty in doing sth 5. be busy doing 6. feel like doing 7. be used to doing 8. look forward to doing 9. what about doing / how about doing 10. pay attention to doing 有些动词后即可接不定式,又可接动名词,但意义不一样：部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应依据句子语境挑选使用；1. remember, forget, regret + to do 动作未发生 + do
30、ing 动作已发生I remembered posting the letter today. 我记得今日把信寄走了；Please remember to post the letter today. 请别忘了今日把信寄走； 2. mean to do 准备做某事mean doing 意味着 I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. 3. try to do 设法尽力做某事try doing 试着做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomin
31、gs. Try working out the physics problem in another way. 4. stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stop doing 停止做某事On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper. Youd better stop arguing and do as you are told. 5. cant help doing 禁不住 第 5 页,共 7 页 can t help to do不能帮忙干 I couldn t helpto finish this matte
32、r我不能帮忙完成这件事了；She cant help smiling她禁不住笑了；6. go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事 go on doing 连续不停地做某事,指同一动作的连续He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He went on reading Lesson Ten学习必备欢迎下载他连续读第十课； After reading Lesson Nine,he went on to read Lesson Ten读完第九
33、课后他连续读第十课；7. 感官动词 ; + do 表示动作的完整性to 表间接帮忙,不带to 表直接帮忙； 在被动语态句里,+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性4.help后接动词不定式作补语,to 可带可不带； 一般说来,带或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to ；如：1.They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need. 1. Using email English helps you write quickly. 用所给词的适当形式填空；2. Le
34、arning languages _be fun. 3. Are you interested in _play computer games. 4. You will make it if you keep _try. 5. Reading interesting novels _ make me happy. 6. Have you finished _do your homework yet. 单项挑选1. They stop , but there was no more sound at all.D. to listen to A. to listen B. to hear C. l
35、istening 2. Remember him about it before he goes away. - Sure. I will. A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told 3. I m sorry I forgot the book to you . A. to bring B. bringing C. bring D. brought 4. Most of the children enjoy computer games. A. play B. playing C. played D. to play 5. Tom finished the b
36、ook yesterday. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 6. How can I improve my spoken English. - You have to practise as much as you can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 7. We kept the ball to each other, and they began to get angry. A. to pass B. passing C. pass D. past 8. It s too hot. W
37、ould you mind the windows, please. A. open B. opened C. to open D. opening 9. Have you finish the book. - Not yet, I ll try it to you before Friday. A. reading; returning B. to read; to return C. reading; to return D. to read; returning 10. The teacher asked the students to stop and to her. A. to ta
38、lk; listened B. talking; listen C. talking; listened D. to talk; listen 11. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 12. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载A. to
39、 smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke 13. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it. A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil 14. On my way home, I stopped _ some food. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 15. The sitting-room needs _, but itll have to wait until Saturday. A. be cleaning B. to be c
40、leaned C. clean D. being cleaned 16. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk. A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. Drinking三用所给词的适当形式填空1. I have some questions ask you. 2. The light in the room is still on. - Oh,. Sorry I forget turn it off. 3. Would you please tel
41、l us how make the kite fly higher. 4. When the teacher stopped look at him, he stopped talk at once. 5. After a short rest they went on do their homework. 6. Do remember come see him. 7. If you want _ be healthy, you need _ do some exercise every day. 8. There is nothing _ do right now. I suggest _
42、go _ fish. 9. Computers are not easy _ look after. 10. What about _ go to the concert with us . 11. The little child was made _ stay at home until he finished his homework. 12. Seeing is _ （believe. 13. Tom is hard-working. He is always the first _come to school and the last _leave.14. Dont forget _ send the letter. _laugh . 15.The story was so funny that we couldnt help _广州学才训练名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页