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1、初三英语总复习学案 （12）疑问和否定【考点聚焦】1、疑问和否定的结构形式；2、特殊的否定结构；3、反意疑问句的结构及答语；【知识要点讲解】一、特殊情况下的否定1、do 和have 两词既可以作助动词，又可以作行为动词，应特别注意。2、祈使句的否定形式，要在其前加Don t。如：Don t be late again.3、在主句谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，guess等并且主语是第一人称时的复合句中，变否定句要注意否定转移。如： I think he will give you a call. 1 don t think he will give you a call4
2、、肯定句变为否定句在下列情形时不加not，而是采用其他方式。 (1)改变副词。像always / ever-never；nearly / almost-hardly；still -no longer等。如：He is still a worker-He is no longer a worker (2)改变连词。像both.and neither.nor等。 (3)改变不定代词。像allnone；everythingnothing等。 (4)改变限定词。像many / muchfew / little等。 (5)改用反义词。如：Tom feels happy today Tom feels u
3、nhappy today5、请你格外注意以下几点： (1)有些词要发生变化，像some any；something anything；too either；already yet；and or 等。 (2)not和代词all，each，everyone，everybody及副词both，quite，altogether，always等连用时表示部分否定。如：It is not always sunny here (3)若句中有had better，在better之后加上not；若有have to / has to，要借助于助动词dont / doesn t。 (4)动词不定式的否定结构是在to
4、前加 not. 如：The teacher asked me not speak more loudly. 二、疑问 一）、选择疑问句的结构：一般疑问句+or +一般疑问句？后一个句子与前一个相同的部分常常省略。选择疑问句用yes或no 来回答。二）、特殊疑问句的结构：(1)疑问词+一般疑问句？ (2)疑问词（或疑问词和它修饰的主语）+谓语+其他成分？请你归纳总结一下你所学过的疑问词在句中的作用三）、反意疑问句的结构：(1)肯定句+否定的简略一般疑问句？如：She likes spring,doesnt she?(2)否定句+肯定的简略一般疑问句？如：Tom didnt come to sch
5、ool,did he?四）反意问句的答语：对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes；事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的 yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。如： (1) -He likes playing football，doesn t he?他喜欢踢足球，是吗? - Yes，he does / No，he doesn t是的，他喜欢。不是，他不喜欢。 (2)- His sister didn t attend the meeting，did she?他妹妹没有参
6、加会议，是吗? -Yes，she didNo，she didn t不，她参加了。是的，她没参加。【关于反意疑问句要特别注意】1、 陈述句部分有否定词如never, neither, few ,little, hardly, none, nothing,nobody 等时，疑问部分中的谓语动词要用肯定形式。但是，陈述部分带有否定的前、后缀时，如dislike, unless, unhappy等，那么应把它看成肯定句，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。2如果陈述部分的主语是everyone，everybody，noone，nobody，somebody时，其反意疑问部分的主语一般用they；如果陈述部分的
7、主语是everything，anything，nothing，something时，其反意疑问部分的主语一般用 it 。3陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时，反意疑问句的主语可以用one，也可用you(美式英语用he)。如：One should be ready to help others, shouldn t one?4当陈述部分主语是从句或词组、不定式(短语)、动名词形式时，反意疑问句的主语应该用 it 。如：What you need is more important，isn t it?5陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时，其反意疑问句的主语用it ;当陈述部分的主语是指示代
8、词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。6陈述部分的主语是some of .，none of .时，其反意疑问句的主语应根据上下文或句子改为 it , they或you。 7由neither .nor .，not only . but also .，both . and .，either .or .，not . but .，等连接的并列主语，其反意疑问句的主语应改为复数代词。如： Neither you nor l am wrong，are we? 8“the+形容词”表示一类人，其反意疑问句的主语应改复数代词9祈使句后一般加上will you 构成反意疑问句，而由 let
9、引导的祈使句有两种情况： (1)Let s .，后的反意疑问句用shall we ； (2)Let us / me .后的反意疑问句用will you。10如果陈述句部分是复合句，附加问句的谓语和主语应与主句的谓语一致。当陈述句部分是I / we think (believe，suppose，guess)等的复合从句时，其反意问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致，注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。若陈述部分为否定时，注意否定的转移。11感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式.12I am开头的句子，附加问句用aren t I.13、1 wish to do sth或1 wi
10、shI .改为may I。如：1 wish to go home，may I?14当陈述部分含有情态动词时，分两种情况：如果情态动词不表示推测，反意疑问句部分仍旧用情态动词；而当情态动词作推测意义讲时，反意疑问句一般不再用情态动词，而需根据情态动词后的动词原形选用相应的形式。如： He must work hard at physics，mustn he? Mike can t speak Chinese，can he? That boy can t be Mike，is he ? must be对现在情况进行推测，按一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理。如： He must be ha
11、ppy，is n t he? “must+完成时”表示对过去情况的推测，作一般过去时附加疑问句处理。如： He must have come yesterday，didn t he?15、陈述部分有have to 时，其反意疑问句要有助动词的否定形式。如； You have to water the vegetables every day, dont you?16、陈述部分有had better 时，反意疑问句中要用 shouldnt 或hadnt。如： We had better go to school at once , hadnt we?【巩固练习】( ) 1. He hardly
12、hurt himself in the accident, _ ? A. doesn t he B. didn t he C. did he D. does he( ) 2. I think the meeting will last three hours,_? A. won t it B. will it C. do I D. don t I( ) 3. I dont think he had his supper at the school, _? A. had he B. did he C. do I D. don t you( ) 4. Let s go and have a wal
13、k, _ ? A. do we B. shall we C. will you D. won t you( ) 5. Nothing the boy did was right, _ it? A. was B. did C. wasn t D. didn t( ) 6. How fast she runs, _ she ? A. is B. isnt C. does D. doesnt( ) 7. You have to go to school this Sunday, _ you? A. haven t B. don t C. shouldn t D. wouldn t( ) 8. I m
14、 sure he must have been sleeping at the moment,_? A. aren t I B. mustn t I C. mustn t he D. hasn t he( ) 9. Mrs. Black doesn t believe so many people are killed in the war, A. aren t they B. are they C. doesn t she D. does she( ) 10.-Why is Tom late today? -He must be sick, _? A. isn t he B. must he
15、 C. is he D. mustn t he( ) 11. Jack had dinner with his mother at home yesterday,_ he? A. did B. does C. didn t D. hadn t( ) 12. We must start at 10:00,_ we? A. needn t B. mustn t C. don t D. must( ) 13. You must have studied English for many years, _ you? A. didn t B. haven t C. needn t D. mustn t(
16、 ) 14. We d better finish the work this afternoon, _ we? A. don t B. hadn t C. haven t D. won t( ) 15 I think he must be right.,_ ? A. isn t he B. is he C. mustn t he D. must he( ) 16.-Can you tell me _ it is from here to the Summer Palace? -Let me see. Its about 15 minutes ride. A. how long B. how
17、soon C. how much D. how far( ) 17. Kates never late for school, _? A. isn t she B. hash t he C. is she D. has she( ) 18. Mr. Green, its your first time to visit Huaihua,_ ? A. does it B. isn t it C. don t you D. will you( ) 19.-He is often late for school, isnt he? - _. He always goes to school earl
18、ier than others.? A. Yes, he is B. No, he isn t C. Yes, of course D. No, sometime( ) 20. There is nobody in the room, _? A. isn t it B. isn t there C. is there D. is it( ) 21. -How about visiting the museum? -Good idea. But first we should find out _ it is open.? A. how B. whether C. what D: which(
19、) 22. - _ do you hke best? -Orange, because orange can bring me success. A. What B. Why C. Which D. What colour( ) 23. -Nobody knows _ he was after he graduated from Beijing University. -But I was once told he was a doctor working in a far-away village.? A. what B. who C. where D. how( ) 24.- _ is y
20、our maths teacher? -The one in red. A. What B. Where C. Which D. How( ) 25. Hes flown to Qingdao for summer holidays,_ he? A. isn t B. wasn t C. hasn t D. doesn t( ) 26. - _ did you have the party last night ? -In the park. A. What B. Why C. When D. Where( ) 27.- _ did you see a cat run from behind
21、the door? -As soon as I entered the room. A. What B. When C. Where D. Why( ) 28.-You borrowed some money from me last year, Mr. Green. -Did I ? _ did you lend me? A. How many B. How long C. How much D. How soon( ) 29. - _does it take me from my school to your school? -About five minutes. A. How many
22、 B. How far C. How much D. How long( ) 30. What about Sally? She s done her best these days, _ ? A. haan t she B. isn t Sally C. hasn t Sally D. isn t she( ) 31. - _ did you buy the new bag? -Last Monday. A. Wlere B. How C. When D. Who( ) 32. - _ is a ticket for the film Hacker ? -About forty yuan.
23、A. How old B. How many C. How much D. How often( ) 33. Father put the bike under a big tree,_ ? A. isnt he B. wasnt he C. doesnt he D. didn t he( ) 34. Could you tell me _ you were late for the meeting this morning? A. where B. why C. when D. what( ) 35. - _ and _ are we going to have the meeting? -
24、At half past eight in our school. A. What; where B. When; how C. Who; where D. When; where( ) 36. - _ are you getting on with Peter and Jack? -Just so - so. A. How B. Who C. What D. When ( ) 37. -Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _ ? -No, _ ,she got up too late. A. had she B. hadn t she
25、C. did she D. didn t she ( ) 38. -Lucy, _ you _your ticket? -Not yet. A. did; find B. have; found C. has; found D. do; find ( ) 39. - _ is that man over there? -That s my brother. A. Who B. What C. Where D. How ( ) 40. - _ is Lucky 52 shown on CCTV-2 ? -Every week. A. How often B. How long C. How so
26、on D. How many times ( ) 41. His sister had a bad cough, _ she ? A. wasn t B. doesn t C. hadn t D. didn t ( ) 42. That ehild _ lunch at sehool every day. A. haven t B. don t have C. hasn t D. doesn t have ( ) 43. Tom, _ open that box, its dangerous . A. doesn t B. don t C. not D. no ( ) 44. Let him_
27、 sing in the room, the baby is sleeping. A. don t B. doesn t 12. not D. not to ( ) 45. He doesnt know _ about it, _. A. anything; either B. nothing; either C. something; too D. anything; too ( ) 48. He d better _ park the car here. A. don t B. doesn t C. not D. not to ( ) 49. His mother told him _play with fire. A. doesnt B. not C. not to D. don t ( ) 50. They haven t been to England _ France _ A. and; already B. or; already C. and; yet D. or; yet