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1、 惠州市学大信息技术有限公司 Huizhou XueDa Century Education Technology Ltd.个 性 化 教 学 设 计 教 案授课时间：2012年4月1日（ 18:45-21:00）备课时间：2012 年3月29日年级：高三 学科：英语 课时：3学生姓名： 课题名称语法填空 授课教师： 教学目标掌握本节课老师所讲语法填空题的解题技巧教学重点教学难点灵活运用本节课老师所讲的技巧教学过程语法填空一、纯空格类试题的命题特征1. 名词、动名词前设空，首先要考虑限定词或者介词；代词、冠词前设空，首先考虑介词。在纯空格类试题中，如果在名词、动名词前设空，首先应考虑限定词或者
2、介词。考生应注意常见的限定词包括冠词（a, an, the）、形容词性物主代词（my, your等）、名词所有格、关系词（whose, which 等）、名词所有格、关系词（whose, which等）、疑问词、不定代词（no, some, any, each, every, either, neither, many等）、数词等。如果在代词、冠词前设空，首先应考虑介词。例1 Are you one of those who always fear whenever a dog is approaching? If you are, you have got phobia(a very str
3、ong feeling of being afraid of something).例2 Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits?2. 谓语动词前设空，首先要考虑代词。若是倒装句，还要考虑副词。如果在谓语动词前设空，首先应考虑代词。考生不仅要考虑人称代词、反身代词等，还要考虑关系代词which, that , who等。例1 While many re
4、sources are spent on seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative , brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us.例 2 Sylvester and I are watching television advertisements because we need information for a class research project. We have to dis
5、cuss realism and dreams in television advertising, so we are looking for examples of things that/which are not true in television advertisement.3.平时注意积累，注意习惯搭配。语法填空中的一些纯空格题实际上考查的是习惯搭配。解决此类问题，考生需要注意平时积累一些常用的固定搭配和习惯用语。例1 It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the mo
6、st serious problems in China or even the world as a whole.4.名词后设空，首先要考虑引导定语从句和关系代词或关系副词，引导同位语从句的连接代词等。名词后设空，常常暗示名词为定语从句或同位语从句的先行词，空格处所需的关系词在从句中充当状语，因此答案很有可能要用关系副词，但是如果所需要的关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，这时应用关系代词。此外，考生还需注意一些特殊的表地点的名词，如point, activity, situation, case, occasion等后设空时，应首先考虑where。例 1 It has been reported
7、 that a middle school in Xuzhou city has recently launched a campaign named “Away from Net Bars”. More than a thousand students have signed for their solemn promises that they will not spend s single minute in the Net bars.例2 It is the extrasensory perception. It may be called the sixth sense. It se
8、ems to let people know about events before they happen, or events which/that are happening some distance away.5及物动词后设空，首先要考虑名词或代词。实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。根据英语的习惯，如果谓语动词为及物动词，其后跟宾语。因此如果在及物动词后设空，首先应考虑代词，尤其是宾格代词，以代替上文提到的人或者事物，或结合语境填入名词作定语。例1 While sharks are seen as people-eating monsters, they help save huma
9、n life. In addition to providing people with food, they are helping them to deal with cancer. They are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer.6.句子前或两句话之间设空，注意分析逻辑关系，考虑连词。连词主要起连接作用，表明句子之间的关系。考生做题时，要弄清句子之间的关系，先根据上下文判断它们是因果关系还是转折关系，是并列关系还是让步关系以及这些句子是条件状语从句还是结果状语从句，是时间状语从句还是地点状语
10、从句，然后选择合适的连词。表示时间的连词有when，while，as，before，after，till， until，since，the moment/instant, whenever等。表示地点的连词有where，wherever等。表示原因的连词有because，as, since, for, now that等。表示结果的连词有sothat, suchthat等。表示条件的连词有if, unless, in case(that)等。表示让步的连词有though，although，as等。表示比较的连词有asas, soas, than等。例1 while he has the son
11、 of the boss, he started from the lowest position as a common employee.例2 At the actual wedding ceremony, the father of the bride symbolically gives his daughter to the groom. Its only a custom, I think, because the bride and the groom already know each other quite well.7.空格处所需词具有双重作用时，首先要考虑what，who
12、ever，whatever。在语法填空中，若空格处所需词具有双重作用，考生应首先考虑what，whoever或whatever。What相当于the thing /things that,whoever相当于anyone who,它们在句中既作引导词，又在从句中充当主语或宾语。 例1 whoever is running and funding an advertisement would have to appear in the advertisement would have to appear in the advertisement and take responsibility f
13、or it. 例2 Many geologists have used what is called the seismic gap technique to accurately predict earthquakes.二、有提示类试题的命题特征1.形容词后提示词为动词，考虑用不定式。在英语中，形容词后接不定式的情况比较常见。此时不定式作状语，表示原因、目的等。另外，形容词后接不定式时，不定式常用主动形式，其逻辑主语或宾语常为句子的主语。例1 They are very excited to see (see) the ceremony with their own eyes instead
14、 of on TV. Some even have been planting this dream in their minds for years.例2 Kenya wants to move on quickly . Chinese companies are easy(deal)with and they do not take a long time to process things2.形容词性物主代词或介词后设空，提示词尾动词，考虑动名词或由动词转化来的名词形式。例1 Confronted with the intense competition in the employmen
15、t market, most people seek to leave employers with the impression of high education backgrounds and then Improve the chance of being employed (employ) through fake diplomas.例2 We extended a warm welcome to their coming (come)to our party.例3 The larger the population there is in a locality, the great
16、er the need there is for water, transportation (transport), and refuse disposal.3. 名词、代词后设空，提示词为动词时，注意时态及语态。名词、代词后设空，给出的提示词是动词时，一般来说这个动词是做谓语的。此时考生需要注意动词的时态和语态。主语和谓语动词之间是主谓关系时动词就应用主动形式，是动宾关系时就应用被动形式。作题时考生还应注意根据题干所用的时态选用恰当的时态。同时考生要注意主谓一致问题。例1 It is quite obvious that this decision is based (base) on s
17、ome political motivationIn these situations we try to be as neutral as possible.例2 Moshe Katzav is the former Israeli President . On Wednesday morning he entered (enter)prison to begin serving a seven-year jail term for rape and other sexual offenses.4谓语动词之后或之前设空，且给出的提示词为动词，考虑非谓语动词。此时要注意所给动词与其逻辑主语之间
18、的关系。如果是主谓关系，要考虑用动词的现在分词形式；如果是动宾关系，要考虑用动词的过去分词形式；如果提示词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，要用分词的完成式。例1 Sales revenues reached 185 billion during the January-November period, compared (compare)to 211 during the same period last year.例2 faced (face) with their phobias, many people choose to do nothing but just escape t
19、he situations or objects they fear.5. be动词后设空，提示词为动词，考虑用提示词的形容词、动名词或过去分词。例1 When these children were followed (follow) over a period of three or more years, those who had early experience in intellectual curricula were more likely to do well in school than their peers.例2 “How shall I ever get to the
20、 top?” he said. Just then he met a man who was walking (walk)the other way. He had a stick in his hand which he used as a cane to help him along.6.从属连词后设空，提示词为动词，考虑动名词，过去分词，表将来考虑用不定式。状语从句的省略为高考考查的热点。从属连词后设空，且提示词为动词时，考生要考虑所给动词与其逻辑主语的关系。如果是主谓关系，则应用现在分词。如果是表示将来，则用不定式。由when，while，as，once，if， as if等引导的状语
21、从句有此用法。In 1974 tests showed that if taken (take)every day, aspirin can greatly reduce chances of heart attacks.In the U.S., people generally look straight ahead while walking (walk) side by side with a friend.7.空格处的提示词为形容词或副词时，考虑比较级、最高级或形容词的副词形式。在语法填空中，对形容词、副词的考查主要是对形容词、副词的比较级或者最高级的考查，因此考生要特别注意一些形容词
22、、副词的比较级或最高级的不规则形式，如well/goodbetterbest; badworseworst;farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest.如果所给提示词为形容词，还要注意可能会用形容词的副词形式。例1 The first model of the car had some bad faults, but they have got a better (good) one out now.例2 Paul Gasol was particullarly (particullar) interested in helping to find a cure f
23、or Aids, which the NBA star Magic Johnson contracted in the early 90s.8.动词前或后设空，且提示词为形容词时，考虑副词。副词主要用来修饰动词。副词在句中的位置比较灵活，可位于动词之前也可以位于动词之后，因此如果动词前或后设空且提示词为形容词，首先考虑副词形式。因此考生需要注意由形容词变为副词的规则，最常见的是以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，要变y为I,再加ly.例1 I seriously (serious) wish I would be able to learn from President and Mrs. Johnso
24、n about the secret of having a happy and enduring marriage.9.名词前设空且提示词为名词时，考虑名词的形容词形式。名词前设空且提示词为名词时，此空所需词多数情况下是作定语的，当然名词本身可以作定语，但是填原形的可能性非常小，因此应该考虑该词的形容词形式，这就要求考生牢记一些构成形容词的常见后缀，如-ous,-al, -y,-ly,-tive等。例1 I wish to express sincere thanks to you, President Sarkozy, and the French government for the a
25、ctive efforts and thoughtful (thought) arrangements you have made for the summit conference.例2 Many people like the action of cheating. It makes difficult （difficulty）things seem easy, like getting all the right answers on the test. 10.and或or后设空，答题时要注意前后一致。and或or为并列连词，它们前后的词的形式应该是一致的，因此做语法填空题时可根据这一特
26、点来答题，如singing and laughing, safe and sound, to be or not to be等都是并列结构。例1 Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a practice group, so that they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying (buy) equipment. 例2 Researchers showed an emotionally-neutral face to the babies whi
27、le sad music played. When the babies looked away from the face, the music stopped and a new sad song started (start).课堂作业2011One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited w
28、ith me 17 the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. He 19 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be 20 (mental) disabled.Behind him were other people to 21 he was trying to talk, but after some minute
29、s 22 walked away and sat near me, looking annoyedI didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him 23 his own either.After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had 24 amazing conversation. He got o
30、ff the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.Im glad I made a choice. It made 25 of us feel good. 2010A young man, while traveling through a desert，came across a spring of clear water._31_water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an e
31、lder _32_ had been his teacher .After a four-day journey, the young man_33_.(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled_34_(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home_35_a happy heart.After the student left, the teacher let _36
32、_student taste the water. He spit it out, _37_(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _38_?” W The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water wa
33、s simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _39_ (sweet).” We understand this lesson best _40_ we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the
34、thing. w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m2009Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult _31_ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy _32_ （please）as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. Besides，shopping at this time of th
35、e year was not _33_ pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or _34_ （push）you with their elbows（肘部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused in front of a counter _35_ some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk，”the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the pri
36、ce. ”But Jane knew from past experience that her _36_ （choose）of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _37_ sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while， she knew tha
37、t this was a present which was bound to please _38_. When Jane got home，with her small but well-chosen present in her bag，her parents were already _39_ table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _40_ （inform）.课后作业2008Chinese proverbs are rich
38、 and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious
39、to help 33 rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired 36 doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt
40、 very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the co
41、ntrary to our intention. 2011高考第二节 语法填空：16. later, 17. until, 18. sitting, 19. pretended, 20. mentally, 21. whom, 22. he, 23. on, 24. an, 25. all.2010高考31. 答案：the试题分析：由上文a spring of clear water 第一次提到water下文-water紧接着第二次特指 高考考点：考查冠词 易错提醒：易用Its32. 答案：who 试题分析：who 引导定语从句限制elder且做从句的主语高考考点：考查定语从句 易错提醒：易填
42、that35、答案：with36、答案：another37. saving 38. It 39. Sweeter 40. that2009高考第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）31.it 32.to please 33.a 34.pushed 35.where36.choice 37. on/for 38.him 39.at 40.was informed2008高考【语法填空标准答案】31. Behind 32. to help 33. his 34. this 35. that 36. after 37. but 38. higher 39. natural 40. results课后记学员学习情况：课后小评：教师建议：提交时间教研组长审批教研主任审批注：此表用作每次课的教学设计方案第 10 页 共 10 页