古代汉语《谏逐客书》教案.pdf

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1、谏逐客书李斯一、李斯其人李斯(前 208)，楚国上蔡人。是秦代着名政治家、文学家和书法家。曾与韩非师从荀子，学帝王之术。早年为楚小吏，后入秦，推行一系列加强君王专制的措施，官至丞相，助秦统一天下。秦统一后官至丞相，积极主张废除诸侯，行郡县。统一文字和度量衡，改革典章制度。始皇死后，为赵高陷害谋反而被腰斩。秦代因其所历时间很短，没有留下更多文学作品，而李斯却有谏逐客书及泰山刻石文、琅琊台石刻传世，所以以鲁迅说“秦之文章，李斯一人而已。”史记李斯列传中的几个典型情节厕鼠与仓鼠：李斯生命中的转折点李斯者，楚上蔡人也。年少时为郡小吏，见吏舍厕中鼠食不洁，近人犬，数惊恐之。斯入仓，观仓中鼠，食积粟，居大

2、庑之下，不见人犬之忧。於是李斯乃叹曰：“人之贤不肖譬如鼠矣，在所自处耳！”“贵贱穷通，所在自处”李斯形成自己的人生观，通过厕中鼠和仓中鼠的强烈对比，表现出他倾慕富贵荣华，认为自己该身居高位，不甘沦落下层的心理。师从荀子乃从荀卿学帝王之术。学已成，度楚王不足事，而六国皆弱，无可为建功者，欲西入秦。故斯将西说秦王矣。李斯认为楚王不足成事，而秦王恰好是能的天下的帝王，现在这个时候正是白衣谋士奔走四方，施展抱负的机会，李斯还说“诟莫大于卑贱，悲莫甚于贫困”最大的耻辱和悲哀莫过于卑贱和贫困，而人们一旦卑贱贫困便非难社会，说自己与世无争，厌恶功名利禄，这不是李斯这种人的本愿。于是李斯西入秦国，奔向他的大好

3、前程去了。吕不韦门下客到客卿至秦，会庄襄王（异人）卒，李斯乃求为秦相文信侯吕不韦舍人。不韦贤之，任以为郎。李斯因以得说，说秦王曰:“自秦孝公以来,周室卑微，诸侯相兼，关东为六国，秦之乘胜役诸侯，盖六世矣。今诸侯服秦，譬若郡县。夫以秦之强，大王之贤，犹灶上骚除，足以灭诸侯,成帝业，为天下一统，此万世之一时也。今怠而不急就，诸侯复强，相聚约从，虽有黄帝之贤，不能并也。”李斯去到秦国，正好赶上庄襄王死了，李斯于是去找当时的相国吕不韦，吕不韦很赏识他，于是他得到了见到嬴政的机会，就对嬴政说现在的局势周王室衰微，诸侯间互相兼并，秦国逐渐强大起来，现在诸侯臣服秦国就像郡县服从朝廷，您凭借秦国目前的强大还有

4、您的贤德去征服六国，容易的就像扫除灶上的尘土一样，如果现在再不动手，等六国缓过劲合起伙来，到时候纵使像黄帝的才能也吞并不了了。秦王嬴政也是一个雄才大略的帝王，李斯的这一番话正说到了嬴文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码

5、:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10

6、 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3

7、ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档

8、编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P

9、10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N

10、3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8政的心坎上，于是嬴政非常赏识他，拜李斯为长使，后来在李斯的策划下使用重金收买离间六

11、国中有才能的人，如果收买不了的，就用利剑杀死，由于李斯的种种计策使得秦国越来越强大，六国实力越来越弱，嬴政又拜李斯为客卿。所谓客卿，在春秋战国时期是授予非本国人而在本国当高级官员的人的一个称号，官有多高呢客卿行使的是仅次于相国的职权。至此李斯实现的他的理想，开始走进秦国权利的中心。后来发生了一件事，直接出了我们今天要学习的这一篇谏逐客书，这又是一个什么事件呢史记李斯列传中记载：会韩人郑国来间秦，以作注溉渠，已而觉。秦宗室大臣皆言秦王曰：“诸侯人来事秦者，大抵为其主游间於秦耳，请一切逐客。”李斯议亦在逐中。我们都知道郑国渠，它是我国历史上一项伟大的水利工程，后人评价它是“疲秦之计造万世之功”，据

12、历史研究，当时修建郑国渠的人数多达十万人，而郑国是这项巨大工程的总负责人，郑国是个韩国人，他作为一个水利专家来到秦国发动郑国渠的建造，本义是韩国想要消耗秦国国力来的，后来没想到还没建完就被秦始皇发觉了郑国的间谍身份，于是秦国开展了一场整风运动，要把当时在秦国任职的外国人都驱逐出境，我们在刚才提过，李斯是客卿，他是从楚国来到秦国的，所以这样一来他也要离开秦国，这怎么可以呢，李斯的事业才刚刚起步，这触犯到李斯最根本的利益了，于是李斯一定要说话反驳文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X

13、6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7

14、V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8

15、W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M

16、1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:C

17、Q7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 H

18、U8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF

19、7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8这些驱逐外国人的声音，便有了我们今年拿到手上的这篇谏逐客书。实际上，我们站在历史的角度上看，郑国渠的计策即使没有被发现，它也失败的，因为郑国渠作为一项可被称为“伟大”水利工程，它不仅没有起到削弱秦国的目的，反而在建成后使关中的干旱平原变成了沃野良田，粮食产量大增，直接支持了秦国统一六国的战争。这是后话了，我们就不多说了。我们今天关注的重点是，李斯是如何劝谏、说服秦王，使得他改变初衷，收回驱逐外国人的命令的。现在给大

20、家十分钟时间，自己对照课后注释，通读全文，初步理解这篇课文的大意。二、课文串讲臣闻吏议逐客，窃以为过矣。臣听说有官吏在商议驱逐客卿这件事，私下里认为这是错误的。开门见山，语气谦和，平心静气.切合日理万机的秦王的性格昔缪公【同穆公】求士，西取由余於戎，东得百里奚於宛，迎蹇叔於宋，来丕豹、公孙支於晋。此五子者，不产於秦，而缪公用之，并国二十，遂霸西戎。人名、地名不必刻意掌握，只需了解。文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I

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22、T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L

23、8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q

24、8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6

25、I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V

26、1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W

27、2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8来：使动用法，使来论语季氏：“故远人不服，则修文德以来之；既来之，则安之。”并：合并，兼并从前秦穆公寻求贤士，西边从西戎取得由余，东边从宛地得到百里奚，又从宋国迎来蹇叔，还从晋国招来丕豹、公孙支。这五位贤人，不生在秦国，而秦穆公重用他们，吞并国家二十多个，于是称霸西戎。孝公用商鞅之法，移风易俗，民以殷盛，国以富强qing，百姓乐用，诸侯亲服，获楚、魏之师，举地千里，至今治强。殷盛：殷实兴旺强：古今字，是强的本字，强大乐用：乐于效力获：俘获治强：太平而强盛秦孝公采用商鞅的新法，

28、移风易俗，人民因此殷实，国家因此富强，百姓乐意为国效力，诸侯亲附归服，战胜楚国、魏国的军队，攻取土地上千里，至今政治安定，国力强盛。惠王用张仪之计，拔三川之地，西并巴、蜀，北收上郡，南取汉中，包九夷，制鄢、郢，东据成臯之险，割膏腴之壤，文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10

29、HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 Z

30、F7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编

31、码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P1

32、0 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3

33、 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文

34、档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8遂散六国之从z ng，使之西

35、面事秦，功施y到今。拔：攻取包：囊括制：控制从：z ng，纵的本字，是古今字。指合纵，六国联合对抗秦国。施：y，延续秦惠王采纳张仪的计策，攻下三川地区，西进兼并巴、蜀两国，北上收得上郡，南下攻取汉中，席卷九夷各部，控制鄢、郢之地，东面占据成皋天险，割取肥田沃土，于是拆散六国的合纵同盟，使他们朝西事奉秦国，功绩延续到今天。昭王得范睢j，废穰 r ng 侯，逐华阳，强公室，杜私门，蚕食诸侯，使秦成帝业。此四君者，皆以客之功。由此观之，客何负於秦哉！向使四君却客而不内n，疏士而不用，是使国无富利之实而秦无强大之名也。公室：王室杜：杜绝私门：贵族势力昭王得到范雎，废黜穰侯，驱逐华阳君，加强、巩固了王室

36、的权力，堵塞了权贵垄断政治的局面，蚕食诸侯领土，使秦国成就帝王大业。以客之功：凭借各诸侯国在秦国为官的人所作的事情。功，事情文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7

37、M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:

38、CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10

39、HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 Z

40、F7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编

41、码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P1

42、0 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8负：辜负，对不起向使：假使却：拒绝内：纳，容纳。古今字实：与名相对，形成互文，实际情况。这四位君主，都依靠了客卿的功劳。由此看来，客卿哪有什

43、么对不住秦国的地方呢！倘若四位君主拒绝远客而不予接纳，疏远贤士而不加任用，这就会使国家没有丰厚的实力，而让秦国没有强大的名声了。总结第一段的结构一、开门见山，表达观点：逐客不对二、事实论证：客卿于秦有功三、反问总结：客何负于秦向使四君却客而不纳今陛下致昆山之玉，有随、和之宝，垂明月之珠，服太阿之剑，乘纤离之马，建翠凤之旗，树灵鼍tu之鼓。此数宝者，秦不生一焉，而陛下说之，何也致：招致昆山：昆仑山，传说中产美玉随、和之宝：即随侯珠、和氏璧。见课后注释。服：佩挂文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N

44、3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8

45、文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z

46、8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I

47、2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7

48、T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L

49、8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q

50、8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8文档编码:CQ7V1L8Z8P10 HU8W2Q8I2N3 ZF7M1X6I7T8建：树立，竖起树：安放，设置陛下罗致昆山的美玉，宫中有随侯之珠，和氏之璧，衣饰上缀着光如明月的宝珠，身上佩带着太阿宝剑，乘坐的是名贵的纤离马，树立的是以翠凤羽毛为饰的旗子，陈设的是蒙着灵鼍之皮的好鼓。这些宝贵之物，没有一种是秦国产的，而陛下却很喜欢它们，这是为什么呢以上是客观事实以下为反面假设必秦国之所生然後可,则是夜光之璧不饰朝廷,犀象之器不为玩好,郑、卫之女不充後宫,而骏良駃騠ju t不实外厩,