地理信息科学专业英语.pdf

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1、专业术语英译汉affine仿射band波段cartography制图学clip剪切digitizer数字化仪DLG数字线划图dpi每英寸点数edgematching边缘匹配equator赤道equiarea等积geoid大地水准面geospatial地理空间GPS全球定位系统Habitat栖息地Interface接口Item项目Latitude纬度legend 图例longitude经度median 中值meridian子午线metadata元数据neatline图廓线Object-Based基于对象的parcel宗地photogrammetry摄影测量precipitation降水量rang

2、e 范围raster栅格resample重采样resolution分辨率RMS 均方根scanner扫描仪siting 选址TIGER拓扑统一地理编码topology拓扑tuple数组UTM通用横轴墨卡托投影vector矢量专业术语汉译英保护区protected area比例尺Scale bar标准差Standard deviation标准图幅Standard picture frame单精度Single precision地理空间数据Geospatial data点缓冲区Point buffer动态分段Dynamic segmentation度量标准Metrics多项式变换Polynomia

3、l transformation高程基准Elevation base跟踪算法Tracking algorithm规则格网Rules grid过渡带Transition zone基于位置服务Based on location service畸形线Malformation line几何变换Geometric transformation检验图Inspection chart解析几何Analytic geometry空间要素Space element平面坐标系统Planar coordinate system曲流河Meandering river人口普查地段Census Lot上四分位数The up

4、per quartile矢量数据模型Vector data model数据可视化data visualization数据探查Data exploration双精度Double precision水文要素Hydrological elements泰森多边型Tyson Polygons统一建模语言Unified Modeling Language投影坐标系统Projection coordinate system线缓冲区Line buffer遥感数据Remote sensing data用材林Timber forest晕渲法Halo rendering method指北针Compass属性表Pro

5、perty sheet最短路径分析Shortest path analysis最小二乘法Least squares method文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F

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7、10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4

8、W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档

9、编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8

10、G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5

11、S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8翻译例子如下。1.A geographi

12、c information system(GIS)is a computer system for capturing,storing,querying,analyzing,and displaying geographically referenced data.1.地理信息系统（GIS）是用于捕捉，存储，查询，分析和显示地理参考数据的计算机系统。2.A newly digitized map has the same measurement unit as the source map used in digitizing or scanning.If manually digitized

13、,the map is measured in inches,same as the digitizing table.2.新数字化地图与数字化或扫描中使用的源地图具有相同的测量单位。如果手动数字化，地图以英寸为单位进行测量，与数字化表格相同。3.Although ideal for discrete features with well defined location and,shapes,the vector data model does not work well with spatial phenomena that vary continuously over the space

14、 such as precipitation,elevation,and soil erosion.3.对于具有明确位置和形状的离散特征，尽管理想，矢量数据模型不能很好地处理在空间连续变化的空间现象，如降水，海拔和土壤侵蚀。4.But the migration from the georelational to the object-based data model should be relatively easy because it is intuitive to think of spatial features as objects.4.从基础数据到基于对象的数据模型的迁移应该相对

15、容易，因为将空间要素视为对象是直观的。5.New GIS data can be created from a variety of data sources.They include satellite images,field data,street addresses,text files with x and y coordinates,and paper maps.5.可以从各种数据源创建新的GIS数据。它们包括卫星图像，现场数据，街道地址，带有 x 和 y 坐标的文本文件以及纸质地图。6.Projection converts data sets from geographic c

16、oordinates to projected coordinates,and reprojection converts from one type of projected coordinates to another type.6.投影将数据集从地理坐标转换为投影坐标，再投影从一种类型的投影坐标转换为另一种类型。7.Spatial data editing refers to the process of adding,deleting,and modifying features in digital layers.A major part of spatial data editin

17、g is to remove digitizing errors.7.空间数据编辑是指在数字图层中添加，删除和修改特征的过程。空间数据编辑的主要部分是删除数字化错误。8.Thegeorelational data model stores spatial and attribute data separately in a split system:spatial data in graphic files and attribute data in a relational database.8.地理数据模型将空间数据和属性数据分别存储在分割系统中：图形文件中的空间数据和关系数据库中的属性数

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19、:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4

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25、ng and analysis.1.Two important types of field data that can be used ina GIS project are survey data and global positioning systme(GPS)data.2Describe three variations in buffering.2.The buffer distance can vary by the values of a givenfield.Buffering can be on either the left side or the right side

26、of the line feature,instead of both sides.Buffer zones may remain intact so that each buffer zone is separate from others,or dissolved so that there are no overlapped areas between buffer zones.3Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the raster data model vs.the vector data model.3.The main adv

27、antage of the raster data model is havingfixed cell locations,which make it easier for data manipulation,aggregation,and analysis.The main disadvantage is its weakness in representing the precise location ofspatial features.4Explain the difference between location errors and topological errors.4.Loc

28、ation errors such as missing polygons or distorted lines relate to the geometric inaccuracies of spatial features,whereas topological errors such as dangling linsand unclosed polygons relate to the logical inconsistencis between spatial features.5Explain the difference between the georelational data

29、 model and the object-based data model.5.The object-based data model differs from the georelational data model in two aspects.First,the object-based data modelstores both the spatial and attribute data of spatial features in a single system rather than a split system.Second,the object-based data mod

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37、4W1U86Explain the importance of map projection.6.A map projection offers a couple of advantages.First,a map projection allows us to use two-dimensional maps,either paper or digital,instead of a globe.Second,a map projection allows us to work with plane or projected coordinates rather than longitude

38、and latitude values.Computations with geographic coordinates are more complex and yield less accurate distance measurements.7How can an analysis mask save time and effort for raster data operations?7.Because an analysis mask limits data analysis to cellsthat do not carry the cell value of no data.it

39、 can save time and effort for raster data operations.8Name five tools or techniques for vector data analysis.8.Buffering,overlay,distance measurement,spatial statistics and map manipulation.9Name the three types of simple features used in GIS and their geometric properties.9.A point has 0 dimension

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41、ypes.Examples of floating-point rasters are precipitationand elevation.11The georelational data model uses a split system to store vector data.What does a split system mean?11.A split system stores spatial data in graphic files and attribute data in a relational database.Typically,ageorelational dat

42、a model uses the feature label or ID to link the two components.12The output from a viewshed analysis is a binary map.What does a binary map mean in this case?12.The output from a viewshed analysis is a binary map,which showing visible and not visible areas from the viewpoint.文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3

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45、5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U

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47、CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S

48、2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10

49、 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U8文档编码:CB8G4S2I5S10 HM1K3D9F5N1 ZT10U5D4W1U813What are the basic elements of the raster data model?13.The basic elements of the raster data model are c

50、ellvalue,cell size,raster bands,and spatial reference 14What are the common elements on a map for presentation?14.The common elements on a map for presentation includethe title,body,legend,north arrow,scale,acknowledgment,and neatline/map border.15What is a feature attribute table?15.A feature attri