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1、 地理信息科学专业英语 专业术语英译汉 affine 仿射 band 波段 cartography 制图学 clip 剪切 digitizer 数字化仪 DLG 数字线划图 dpi 每英寸点数 edgematching 边缘匹配 equator 赤道 equiarea 等积 geoid 大地水准面 geospatial 地理空间 GPS 全球定位系统 Habitat 栖息地 Interface 接口 Item 项目 Latitude 纬度 legend 图例 longitude 经度 median 中值 meridian 子午线 metadata 元数据 neatline 图廓线 Object
2、-Based 基于对象的 parcel 宗地 photogrammetry 摄影测量 precipitation 降水量 range 范围 raster 栅格 resample 重采样 resolution 分辨率 RMS 均方根 scanner 扫描仪 siting 选址 TIGER 拓扑统一地理编码 topology 拓扑 tuple 数组 UTM 通用横轴墨卡托投影 vector 矢量 水量范围栅格重采样分辨率均方根扫描仪选址拓扑统一地理编码拓扑数组通用横轴墨卡托投影矢量专业术语汉译英保网过渡带基于位置服务畸形线几何变换检验图解析几何空间要素平面坐标系统曲流河人口普查地段矢量数据模型上四
3、法指北针属性表最短路径分析最小二乘法翻译例子如下地理信息系统是用于捕捉存储查询分析和显示地理参考数据的 专业术语汉译英 保护区 protected area 比例尺 Scale bar 标准差 Standard deviation 标准图幅 Standard picture frame 单精度 Single precision 地理空间数据 Geospatial data 点缓冲区 Point buffer 动态分段 Dynamic segmentation 度量标准 Metrics 多项式变换 Polynomial transformation 高程基准 Elevation base 跟踪算
4、法 Tracking algorithm 规则格网 Rules grid 过渡带 Transition zone 基于位置服务 Based on location service 畸形线 Malformation line 几何变换 Geometric transformation 检验图 Inspection chart 解析几何 Analytic geometry 空间要素 Space element 平面坐标系统 Planar coordinate system 曲流河 Meandering river 人口普查地段 Census Lot 上四分位数 The upper quartile
5、 矢量数据模型 Vector data model 数据可视化 data visualization 数据探查 Data exploration 双精度 Double precision 水文要素 Hydrological elements 泰森多边型 Tyson Polygons 统一建模语言 Unified Modeling Language 投影坐标系统 Projection coordinate system 线缓冲区 Line buffer 遥感数据 Remote sensing data 用材林 Timber forest 晕渲法 Halo rendering method 指北针
6、 Compass 属性表 Property sheet 最短路径分析 Shortest path analysis 最小二乘法 Least squares method 水量范围栅格重采样分辨率均方根扫描仪选址拓扑统一地理编码拓扑数组通用横轴墨卡托投影矢量专业术语汉译英保网过渡带基于位置服务畸形线几何变换检验图解析几何空间要素平面坐标系统曲流河人口普查地段矢量数据模型上四法指北针属性表最短路径分析最小二乘法翻译例子如下地理信息系统是用于捕捉存储查询分析和显示地理参考数据的翻译例子如下。1.A geographic information system(GIS)is a computer sys
7、tem for capturing,storing,querying,analyzing,and displaying geographically referenced data.1.地理信息系统（GIS）是用于捕捉，存储，查询，分析和显示地理参考数据的计算机系统。2.A newly digitized map has the same measurement unit as the source map used in digitizing or scanning.If manually digitized,the map is measured in inches,same as the
8、 digitizing table.2.新数字化地图与数字化或扫描中使用的源地图具有相同的测量单位。如果手动数字化，地图以英寸为单位进行测量，与数字化表格相同。3.Although ideal for discrete features with well defined location and,shapes,the vector data model does not work well with spatial phenomena that vary continuously over the space such as precipitation,elevation,and soil
9、erosion.3.对于具有明确位置和形状的离散特征，尽管理想，矢量数据模型不能很好地处理在空间连续变化的空间现象，如降水，海拔和土壤侵蚀。4.But the migration from the georelational to the object-based data model should be relatively easy because it is intuitive to think of spatial features as objects.4.从基础数据到基于对象的数据模型的迁移应该相对容易，因为将空间要素视为对象是直观的。5.New GIS data can be c
10、reated from a variety of data sources.They include satellite images,field data,street addresses,text files with x and y coordinates,and paper maps.5.可以从各种数据源创建新的 GIS 数据。它们包括卫星图像，现场数据，街道地址，带有 x 和 y 坐标的文本文件以及纸质地图。6.Projection converts data sets from geographic coordinates to projected coordinates,and
11、reprojection converts from one type of projected coordinates to another type.6.投影将数据集从地理坐标转换为投影坐标，再投影从一种类型的投影坐标转换为另一种类型。7.Spatial data editing refers to the process of adding,deleting,and modifying features in digital layers.A major part of spatial data editing is to remove digitizing errors.7.空间数据编
12、辑是指在数字图层中添加，删除和修改特征的过程。空间数据编辑的主要部分是删除数字化错误。8.The georelational data model stores spatial and attribute data separately in a split system:spatial data in graphic files and attribute data in a relational database.8.地理数据模型将空间数据和属性数据分别存储在分割系统中：图形文件中的空间数据和关系数据库中的属性数据。水量范围栅格重采样分辨率均方根扫描仪选址拓扑统一地理编码拓扑数组通用横轴墨
13、卡托投影矢量专业术语汉译英保网过渡带基于位置服务畸形线几何变换检验图解析几何空间要素平面坐标系统曲流河人口普查地段矢量数据模型上四法指北针属性表最短路径分析最小二乘法翻译例子如下地理信息系统是用于捕捉存储查询分析和显示地理参考数据的用英文回答下列问题，练习每章后面的问答题。例子如下：1Describe the two common types of data for terrain mapping and analysis.1.Two important types of field data that can be used in a GIS project are survey data
14、and global positioning systme(GPS)data.2Describe three variations in buffering.2.The buffer distance can vary by the values of a given field.Buffering can be on either the left side or the right side of the line feature,instead of both sides.Buffer zones may remain intact so that each buffer zone is
15、 separate from others,or dissolved so that there are no overlapped areas between buffer zones.3Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the raster data model vs.the vector data model.3.The main advantage of the raster data model is having fixed cell locations,which make it easier for data manipul
16、ation,aggregation,and analysis.The main disadvantage is its weakness in representing the precise location of spatial features.4Explain the difference between location errors and topological errors.4.Location errors such as missing polygons or distorted lines relate to the geometric inaccuracies of s
17、patial features,whereas topological errors such as dangling lins and unclosed polygons relate to the logical inconsistencis between spatial features.5Explain the difference between the georelational data model and the object-based data model.5.The object-based data model differs from the georelation
18、al data model in two aspects.First,the object-based data model stores both the spatial and attribute data of spatial features in a single system rather than a split system.Second,the object-based data model allows a spatial feature(object)to be associated with a set of properties and methods.水量范围栅格重
19、采样分辨率均方根扫描仪选址拓扑统一地理编码拓扑数组通用横轴墨卡托投影矢量专业术语汉译英保网过渡带基于位置服务畸形线几何变换检验图解析几何空间要素平面坐标系统曲流河人口普查地段矢量数据模型上四法指北针属性表最短路径分析最小二乘法翻译例子如下地理信息系统是用于捕捉存储查询分析和显示地理参考数据的 6Explain the importance of map projection.6.A map projection offers a couple of advantages.First,a map projection allows us to use two-dimensional maps,e
20、ither paper or digital,instead of a globe.Second,a map projection allows us to work with plane or projected coordinates rather than longitude and latitude values.Computations with geographic coordinates are more complex and yield less accurate distance measurements.7How can an analysis mask save tim
21、e and effort for raster data operations?7.Because an analysis mask limits data analysis to cells that do not carry the cell value of no data.it can save time and effort for raster data operations.8Name five tools or techniques for vector data analysis.8.Buffering,overlay,distance measurement,spatial
22、 statistics and map manipulation.9Name the three types of simple features used in GIS and their geometric properties.9.A point has 0 dimension and has only the property of location.A line is one-dimensional and has the property of length.And an area is two-dimensional and has the properties of area(
23、size)and perimeter.10Name two examples each for integer rasters and floating-point rasters.10.Examples of integer rasters are land use and soil types.Examples of floating-point rasters are precipitation and elevation.11The georelational data model uses a split system to store vector data.What does a
24、 split system mean?11.A split system stores spatial data in graphic files and attribute data in a relational database.Typically,a georelational data model uses the feature label or ID to link the two components.12The output from a viewshed analysis is a binary map.What does a binary map mean in this
25、 case?水量范围栅格重采样分辨率均方根扫描仪选址拓扑统一地理编码拓扑数组通用横轴墨卡托投影矢量专业术语汉译英保网过渡带基于位置服务畸形线几何变换检验图解析几何空间要素平面坐标系统曲流河人口普查地段矢量数据模型上四法指北针属性表最短路径分析最小二乘法翻译例子如下地理信息系统是用于捕捉存储查询分析和显示地理参考数据的12.The output from a viewshed analysis is a binary map,which showing visible and not visible areas from the viewpoint.13What are the basic el
26、ements of the raster data model?13.The basic elements of the raster data model are cell value,cell size,raster bands,and spatial reference 14What are the common elements on a map for presentation?14.The common elements on a map for presentation include the title,body,legend,north arrow,scale,acknowl
27、edgment,and neatline/map border.15What is a feature attribute table?15.A feature attribute table is a table associated with a vector data set,which has access to the data sets spatial data.16Why is the datum important in GIS?16.A datum is important in GIS because it serves as the reference or base for calculating the geographic coordinates of a location.水量范围栅格重采样分辨率均方根扫描仪选址拓扑统一地理编码拓扑数组通用横轴墨卡托投影矢量专业术语汉译英保网过渡带基于位置服务畸形线几何变换检验图解析几何空间要素平面坐标系统曲流河人口普查地段矢量数据模型上四法指北针属性表最短路径分析最小二乘法翻译例子如下地理信息系统是用于捕捉存储查询分析和显示地理参考数据的